Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:English for Information Security. Учебник
.pdf
101
addition to such emissions near operating electronic devices, there is always a
quasi-static information (9. ,
) with distance, however, require pickup on circuits that are
located close enough. Such fields are significant at frequencies from tens of
kilograms to tens of megahertz. In this case, the interception of information
becomes possible (10.
) to these communications outside the protected area. (11.
), noise generators are
used that are engaged in the production of active masking of spurious
electromagnetic radiation.
9. Render the following sentences into English
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
102
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Speaking Section
10. Work in groups. Find the information about the cases of industrial espionage
and / or the measures to be taken to prevent it. Present your reports to the class
Reading Section
11. Read the text. Summarize its ideas
Text B. Physical Access Control
How many managers think that it makes no sense to spend money
protecting information that can be reconstructed? What can really happen?
Theoretically, anything and everything, from the abuse of workers (through
103
natural disasters and industrial espionage) to terrorist attacks. Imagine this
scenario: at your company, no one is around in the middle of the night to hear the
sound of breaking glass and quick steps. In the morning, the first employee
appears at work and calls the police after spotting the mess. According to police,
it was a random act of vandalism. Two weeks later the president convenes a
meeting; it turns out that the local newspaper is running a story about your
product, and has just revealed that the project has gone millions of dollars over
budget. It turned out that a random act of vandalism was really an act of
industrial espionage.
Of course, this situation could have been prevented if there were
appropriate procedures in place. In practice, anyone who has physical access to a
computer can take over your system in seconds. Therefore we will discuss some
physical security procedures to try and minimize the risk of attack by introducing
appropriate access controls. Please note that each access control has three
aspects: physical, administrative, and technological development.
Work on physical security mainly focuses on the physical protection of
information, buildings, personnel, installations, and other material resources.
Additionally, physical security covers issues related to processes prior criminal
activities, espionage, and terrorism.
What factors can develop into the biggest direct threats? Staff (dismissal,
strikes, illness); sabotage and vandalism; hardware failures; natural disasters
(tornadoes, earthquakes, floods, and tsunamis); man-made disaster (terrorism,
arson, bombings); loss of access to electricity, air, and water.
Once we know what threatens us personally, we can begin to consider the
best methods of protection. For example, in the case of a power outage, you
should have a backup generator to maintain the critical elements of the system,
and lighting for employees as well as a backup phone system. If there is a
hardware failure, having certain spare parts on hand can be incredibly useful, as
104
can having a well-designed service contract. In addition, it is a good idea to
familiarize yourself with the industrial-safety laws of the country in which
operating.
Physical access controls are mechanisms that are designed to minimize
the risk of injury. A simple example is a good fit on the door lock, which will
discourage many potential thieves. The installation of biometric sensors, such as
iris scanning or fingerprint recognition, can make even the most determined
intruder falter while trying to gain access to a guarded place. Sometimes all that
is needed to resolve the issue is a mechanism to provide enough time to contact
the appropriate authorities. But the door is not the only object that should be
closed.
We should consider closing off access to laptops, desktops, and servers.
Like many employees, I just do not know when an intruder enters the building,
and then runs away unrecognized with a laptop under his arm. Such situations
happen very often. More and more companies are taking the precaution of
removing all drives from individual computers to prevent the use of USB, COM,
LPT theft, and instituting additional BIOS password protection just to prevent
employees from installing personal software, gaining unauthorized access, and
ultimately, participating in theft. One possible scenario to tighten security is to
use the terminal server and a bootable Linux distribution.
Another security challenge is to protect sensitive data from systems
interceptors using electromagnetic waves that allow hackers to decode data and
recreate it in a safe place. You can protect yourself by using special construction
materials and absorbing materials for shielded computer enclosures. Another
important element is to protect the building itself. The ideal solution is to create a
front desk staffed by individuals who have had appropriate training in security
and protection.
105
Above all else, it is critical to have alternate power sources and access
to television security systems. Once activated, an alarm signal is sent from these
detectors. Installing a good CCTV system also provides many other benefits.
In addition to the electrical wires hidden from prying human eyes, we
should also ensure access to a stabilized energy source. In this way we prevent
the risks associated with excess energy (breakdown, voltage spikes) or deficient
(low voltage or current, no power). This can be done using the UPS devices.
Unregulated energy sources can also cause damage to electronic components,
data loss, and faulty network connections.
Another cause of interference is radio frequency interference and
electromagnetic interference. These disturbances are associated with the work of
high-frequency devices that use a third phase. They act almost like a bomb
capable of generating electromagnetic pulses, which are used to destroy all kinds
of electronics. Therefore, when planning network infrastructure and
maintenance, it is best to hire an engineer or a professional networking company
which designs computer networks. On the regulatory side, placing items in the
right places is called adequate care, and implementation of policies, procedures,
and controls is called proper accuracy. If both of these factors are properly
adhered to, it certainly will help reduce consequences in the case that a real
threat is detected [14].
Video Section
12. Watch the following video and present its ideas pointing out the problem the
video considers. Support your summary with details and figures
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qKGtFxhh-AY
106
UNIT 8. QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY
LEAD-IN:
Since the beginning of the twentieth century, physicists have followed
with great interest the developments in quantum physics. Even people who never
had the pleasure of attending a quantum mechanics course are fascinated by the
often bizarre behaviour which differs from classical observations. For example,
almost everyone has heard at least of one of the famous quotes concerning
shocked when they first come across quantum theory cannot possibly have
Another reason for the great attraction of this theory is that one has to
give up the classical way of thinking, in order to get an idea of the concept of
quantum physics. Otherwise, it would not be possible to explain, for instance,
quantum entanglement.
There is a set of rules that belongs to quantum physics which cannot be
fully understood by everyday physics. For example:
-cloning theorem states that one cannot create a copy of an
unknown quantum state.
rbing it.
complementary variables (such as position and momentum of a particle) with
arbitrarily high precision.
The given examples have one thing in common: They conclude what
cannot be done. This leads to a negative viewpoint of quantum mechanics. But
on closer inspection, it turns out that these properties have their positive sides.
into useful applications.
But what exactly is quantum cryptography?
107
Pronunciation
1. Make sure you pronounce the following words correctly
Integer [ntd]
cybersecurity
[sabskjrt]
measurement
[mm()nt]
thwart []
rectilinear [rktln]
interpret [rt]
quantum [kwntm]
diagonal
[da]
fundamental
[fndmnt()l]
measure [m]
endeavor []
mechanics [mkanks]
digitalization
[()()n]
vis--vis [vi:zvi:]
sequence [)ns]
Word Study
2. Study the following definitions and memorize the terms
Claim to ask for (especially as a right); to call for; to say that something
is true or is a fact. Synonyms: demand, declare, assert. E.g. They claimed
to have calculated all the risks.
come across to meet accidentally, to produce an impression. Synonyms:
bump into, discover, appear, seem. E.g. He comes across as a good
developer.
correspond to be analogous or similar, match. Synonyms: agree,
coincide, concur. E.g. We believe this approach corresponds to your
needs.
disintegrate to break or decompose into constituent elements; to undergo
a change in composition. Synonyms: break down, decompose, come apart.
E.g. The iron tools disintegrated into dust.
fascinate to interest someone a lot, to attract. Synonyms: captivate,
excite, delight. E.g. The students were fascinated by the lecture.
108
perturb to cause to be worried or upset; to move in different directions
with some violence, to slightly modify the motion of an object.
Synonyms: agitate, confuse, disturb. E.g. perturb vector by some angle.
pillar a supporting, integral, or upstanding member or part; a
fundamental precept. Synonyms: pedestal, base, keystone. E.g. He is a
pillar of engineering community.
quote to repeat the words someone said or written. Synonyms: cite, refer
to, recall. E.g. The article quoted an unknown source from the White
House.
vis--vis in relation to; as compared with; face-to-face with. E.g. I need
to speak to Mr. Lewis vis-à-vis the arrangements for Friday.
3. Complete the following sentences using the words from exercise 2 in
the appropriate forms
1.
2. The particles _________ during the nuclear fission process.
3. He _______ that his sensitive data had been compromised.
4. The idea of using the laws of quantum mechanics to protect
communication channels ___________ the developers.
5.
6. We ___________ our colleagues from Tomsk at the conference.
7. I will have to speak to the manager ________ the details of the
project.
8. The minister ________ the recent statistics.
9. He was __________ by the news.
10. Our senior manager __________ as an industrious person.
109
4. Match the words in A and B. Translate the word combinations
A
B
quantum
filter
onetime
assumptions
complementary
distribution
gain
variable
thwart
integer
large
pad
quantum key
entanglement
make
the attempts
rectilinear
traction
Grammar Section
Conditionals (see Appendix)
5. Put the verbs in the correct forms, First Conditional
1. He (be) furious if he ever (find) out about this.
2. She (not allow) into the building unless she (have) a security pass.
3. We (hire) a car if you (have) a driving license.
4. Unless you (improve) your project, you (not get) a grant.
5. If you (not agree), we (not invite) you to join our research group.
6. If he (work) so slowly, we (have to) find another specialist.
7. You (get) a seat provided that you (book the flight early).
8. As long as she (follow) the instructions, she (launch) the program
successfully.
9. I (buy) this laptop provided that I (save) enough money.
10. You (see) the head of the department unless he (be) too busy.
6. Put the verbs in the correct forms, Second Conditional
1. If I (win) the grant, I (continue) my research.
110
2. If I (be) you, I (not buy) it.
3. If she (have) more free time, she (help) us. But she is snowed under now.
4. Perhaps I (sit) here if you (move) a little.
5. He (go) by plane if it (be) cheaper.
6. The director (be disappointed) if you listened to him. Stop talking!
7. If I (find) a wallet in the street, I (take) it to the police.
8. If I (have) an interview now, I (hurry up).
9. I (give) you advice if you (ask) me.
10. His work (be) not so hard if he (be) the only researcher in this field.
7. Put the verbs in the correct forms, Third Conditional
1. If he (follow) the rules of information protection, he (lose) his sensitive data.
2. If she (come) late, she (not miss) the beginning of the lecture.
3. If he (study) hard, he (get) a higher mark in the exam.
4. If the guard (lock) the door, the equipment (not steal).
5. The manager (not give) him an admonition if he (not fail) the project.
7. If you (not open) that file, you (not infect) the computer.
8. If I (not finish) the research yesterday, I (stay) at work longer.
I (phone) you if I (have) time.
10. If I (not read) the article before, I (understand) the concept of the author.
Reading Section
8. Read the text and mark the statements true or false. Correct the false
statements
Text A. Quantum Cryptography in Theory
Rather than depending on the complexity of factoring large numbers,
quantum cryptography is based on the fundamental and unchanging principles of
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]