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Файл:Практический курс первого иностранного языка. 3 курс = Practical course of the first foreign language. Third-year students. Учебное пособие
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ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION
Complete the sentences:
1. To avert a climate crisis, we need at least __________ by 2030.
2. Currently, the required funding is not __________.
3. Over 450 financial institutions worldwide have committed to
__________, managing over 130 trillion dollars collectively.
4. However, it is proving to be challenging to __________.
5. Housing and climate challenges are __________, as there is a
__________ and __________.
6. Black and Brown neighborhoods face __________ due to
__________.
7. Sustainable finance and investing offer opportunities to
__________.
8. Banks and investors require the __________ to __________.
9. Individuals can contribute to creating conditions for the flow
of funding by __________.
10. These moves are __________.
Section 3. RENEWABLE ENERGY VS. FOSSIL FUELS.
3.1. Read the article on fossil fuels in Encyclopedia Britanni-
ca [20].
Discuss the questions: What types of fossil fuels exist? What are
the ways of usage of that type of fuels? What are the pros and cons
of fossil fuels? Do you think it’s possible to stop using fossil fuels
completely?
Consult the following additional resources: [42, p. 94—95; 40,
p. 66—67].
3.2. Grammar Station.
Explain the difference between the information principle and the
end-weight principles.
Study information in: [39, Units 33, 38, 43, 45, 49, 50].
3.3. Grammar and writing.
Write an essay on the types of energy used in production in your
area. Include several sentences, demonstrating the end-weight principle in your text.
51
Module 4
3.4. Speaking.
Discuss the topic of “renewable energy vs fossil fuels” with the
partner. Consider their safety, financial aspect, power efficiency and
other facets.
Figure 4. Picture A [73] Figure 5. Picture B [70]
Figure 6. Picture C [72] Figure 7. Picture D [69]
Consult the following additional resources: [7, p. 96—97; 47,
p. 24—26; 52, p. 77—79].
Section 4. TRANSLATION.
4.1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
1. Свалки являются одной из основных форм утилизации отходов в мире. Однако их негативное влияние на окружающую
среду и здоровье людей становится все более очевидным. На
свалках происходит постоянное выделение метана, который является сильным парниковым газом.
2. Травоядных животных можно назвать настоящими мастерами в использовании растительности для поддержания своего
52
ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION
существования. Их рацион состоит из листьев, стеблей, плодов
и семян различных растений. Благодаря этому они обеспечивают процесс естественного перемалывания и переработки растительных остатков, что способствует круговороту веществ в
природе.
3. Электростанции являются важным источником энергии,
обеспечивая потребности промышленности и населения разных стран. Однако их работа также оказывает значительное
влияние на окружающую среду, что вызывает обеспокоенность
экологов и активистов.
Section 5. HOME READING. Ta-Na-E-Ka by M. Whitebird.
5.1. Pre-reading tasks: Do you know anything about tradition-
al cultural practices of the various indigenous peoples around the
world? What is their significance? Find out if there are some traditional cultural practices that still exist in your country or in other
countries. Why do you think those traditions were preserved?
5.2. Read the story Ta-Na-E-Ka by M. Whitebird [55].
5.3. Answer the questions and complete the tasks:
1. Give the summary of the story.
2. Where and when does the action of the story take place?
3. What types of conflict are occurring in the story?
4. Describe and analyse the characters of the story.
5. Which role does the world of nature play in the story?
6. What is your reaction to the way that “Mary participated in TaNa-E-Ka”? Is it essential to preserve traditional cultural practices?
7. Why do you think some researchers consider this short story
to be “ecocriticism”?
8. Find examples of artistic means used in the text and comment
on their function.
9. What do you think Roger had to undergo? Make up a short
story about his adventures.
10. What is the message of the story?
Section 6. PROJECT TOPICS.
The significance of national parks.
Acid rains. Causes and consequences.
53
Module 4
The destructive impact of air pollution.
The most polluted places in the world.
Endangered species.
Local and international environmental organisations.
Reversing the depletion of the ozone layer.
Nuclear power. The ways of usage.
Is recycling safe or harmful?
*Your own topic.
54
MODULE 5
AT THE CUTTING EDGE. INFORMATION SOCIETY.
SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
DEBATE TOPICS: Aspects of industrialization. Technology
and its impact. Future visions. AI vs. human intelligence. The impact of social networks on our relationships. The impact of digitalization on healthcare. Test-tube babies: benefits and the dangers.
Censorship on the Internet.
Section 1. WARM UP.
What is the difference between science and technology?
What are some of the greatest technological achievements?
How have technological advances affected our life?
ACTIVE VOCABULARY.
access websites получать доступ к веб-сайтам
analog data interface аналоговый интерфейс передачи
данных
Artificial Intelligence искусственный интеллект
break new ground стать первопроходцем
broadband широкополосный
censor подвергать цензуре
computerization компьютеризация
counterfeit problem проблема, связанная с
фальшивыми программами
cutting-edge research facilities передовые научно-
исследовательские центры
cybersecurity кибербезопасность
data breach утечка данных
55
Module 5
data center центр (хранения и) обработки
данных (ЦОД / ЦХОД)
develop a vaccine for создать (разработать) вакцину
digital editing цифровое редактирование
fake apps (counterfeit apps, imita-
tion apps)
фейковые (вредоносные)
программы
fiber connections оптоволоконные линии связи
fiber optic cable оптоволоконный кабель
GPS satellite navigation спутниковая система навигации
hardware аппаратное обеспечение
human input контроль со стороны человека
internet exchange points точки обмена интернет-трафиком
internet service provider (ISP) интернет-провайдер
intimate knowledge обширные познания
intranet локальная сеть
large language model большая языковая модель
(нейросеть)
LED lighting system светодиодная система освещения
malware вредоносное программное
обеспечение
nuclear propulsion systems ядерная электродвигательная
установка
nuclear test facility установка для ядерных
испытаний
reliability tests испытания на надежность
robotic automation роботизация
scientific advances научные достижения
scientific credibility научная достоверность
semi-autonomous car полуавтономный автомобиль
streaming audio and video потоковое аудио и видео
the International Telecommunica-
tions Union
Международный союз
электросвязи
visual reality glasses (VR glasses) очки визуальной реальности
word processing обработка текстов
56
AT THE CUTTING EDGE. INFORMATION SOCIETY. SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
Section 2. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Any sufficiently advanced technology is equivalent to magic.
2.1. Look at this visualisation.
Arthur C. Clarke
Figure 8. Visualization [74]
Why do you believe the timeline of technology is presented in such
a strange non-linear form? Why did the author have to unroll the
spiral to visualize inventions in the more recent past? Which three inventions are highlighted as significant during the last 12,000 years?
How does the timeline change after 1800? Give examples of major
technological advancements that occurred after 1800. What are
some examples of both beneficial and detrimental innovations? Why
do you think technology has been developing so unevenly?
57
Module 5
2.2. Please fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the
words in the box.
abstruse speculation, assembly plant, cartography, consummate,
convergence, dominion over nature, exploit, haphazard manner,
humanlike, irrigation, mastery, natural philosopher, prodigious,
proponent, rigorously, robust growth, sophisticated, stimuli, technologist, trial-and-error process
1. The __________ was one of the largest in the world, produc-
ing thousands of cars every day.
2. She has been __________ studying quantum mechanics for
over a decade.
3. Developing new technology can be a __________, with many
failures before success is achieved.
4. The __________ advancements in medicine have saved count-
less lives.
5. Scientists are constantly trying to __________ the natural re-
sources to benefit society.
6. As a __________ of renewable energy, she conducted exten-
sive research on solar panels.
7. The __________ invented a __________ device that revolu-
tionized the field of robotics.
8. __________ has evolved significantly with the use of satellite
imagery and advanced mapping software.
9. The project was completed in a __________ manner, resulting
in several errors.
10. He is a __________ expert in the field of artificial intelli-
gence, having published numerous papers.
11. After years of __________ training, she finally achieved
mastery in her field of study.
12. The __________ of technology and biology has led to many
groundbreaking discoveries.
13. The ancient civilizations had a remarkable __________, cre-
ating advanced systems of __________ and agricultural techniques.
14. Many consider him to be a __________, always seeking to
understand the mysteries of the universe.
58
AT THE CUTTING EDGE. INFORMATION SOCIETY. SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES
15. Thanks to __________ in the tech industry, many new job
opportunities have opened up.
16. His __________ on time travel has sparked intense debates
among scientists.
17. The latest advancements in artificial intelligence make it almost impossible to distinguish between __________ robots and real
humans.
18. The experiment used various __________ to test the subjects’ responses.
2.3. Match some words from the text with their definitions:
1. Proponent a. a person who studies and seeks to understand
the laws and principles of nature through observation and reasoning
2. Assembly plant b. the artificial supply of water to land or crops
to help them grow
3. Exploit c. a factory where parts are put together to create
a finished product, often using machinery and
assembly lines
4. Dominion over nature d. highly developed or advanced, often in terms
of technology or culture
5. Abstruse speculation e. remarkably impressive or large in size, extent,
or degree
6. Irrigation f. complex and difficult to understand theories
or ideas that involve deep thought and contemplation
7. Stimuli g. someone who supports or advocates for a particular idea or cause
8. Rigorously h. an approach to problem-solving that involves
trying different methods until the desired result
is achieved
9. Trial-and-error pro-
cess
10. Humanlike j. complete or perfect in every aspect; showing
11. Convergence k. resembling or having characteristics similar
i. control or power over the natural world, often
used in reference to humans’ impact on the environment
great skill and proficiency
to those of a human being
59
Module 5
12. Natural philosopher l. a person who specializes in the practical application of scientific knowledge and technology
13. Sophisticated m. in a strict or precise manner, with great attention to detail and accuracy
14. Mastery n. to take advantage of something for one’s own
gain, often in an unethical or unfair way
15. Robust growth o. the act of coming together or meeting at a
common point; the merging of ideas or opinions
16. Cartography p. strong and healthy development or progress,
often used in reference to economic or population growth
17. Consummate q. the art and science of making maps and charts
18. Prodigious r. without any plan or order; randomly or carelessly
19. Haphazard manner s. things that provoke or elicit a response or reaction from a living organism
20. Technologist t. comprehensive knowledge or skill in a particular subject or activity
2.4. Please prepare a very short (4 minutes) story / project
about an invention you believe is crucial in the development of
the world.
2.5. Progress started slowly but even hundreds and thousands years ago some simplest tools were made.
Can you recall any? Are they still in use nowadays? Can you
describe what they look like? And why are they still in use?
2.6. Here are examples of some seemingly unsophisticated
tools, most of which are used in modern cars. Match the pictures
with the words and phrases in the box.
60
Figure 9. Tools [8]
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