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Файл:Правила чтения английских слов. Учебное пособие
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qua = [kwO] quarter ['kwLtq]
aw = [L] law [lL], draw, raw
-are = [Fq] share [SFq], care
+ Ãë [Fqr] parent ['pFqrqnt]
ar
+ Ãë [xr] tariff ['txrIf], charity
[Iq] here [hIq], severe
-ere
er+Ãë
[Fq] there
[DFq], where [wFq]
[Iq] serious ['sIqrIqs], hero
[e] cleric ['klerIk]
-ild [aI] child [CaIld], mild, wild
-ind [aI] find [faInd], kind, mind
ir+Ñã = [W] firm [fWm], girl, first
-ire = [aIq] desire [dI'zaIq], fire
ir+Ãë
o
[aIq(r)] spiral ['spaIqrql]
[aIr] irony ['aIrqnI], pirate
= [ou] cold [kould], most
ç/ñë
w+or = [W] word [wWd], work
-ore = [L] before [bI'fL], more
or+Ãë
[L] story ['stLrI], oral
[O] coral ['kOrql], coronation
[J] beat [bJt], deal, leave
[e] head [hed], heavy, dead
ea
[eI] break [breIk], great, steak
[Iq] real [rIql], idea, ideal
[Iq] fear [fIq], hear, clear
ear [W] early ['WlI], learn, year
[Fq] bear [bFq], wear, tear
ee = [J] agree [q'grJ], between
eer = [Iq] career [kq'rIq], beer
[eI] eight
[eIt], grey, veil
ei(y) [J] receive [rI'sJv], seize
[aI] either ['aIDq], height
eu = [u:] neutral ['njHtrql], euphoria
ew = [u:] few [fjH], jewel ['GHql]
[aI] lie [laI], tie, rye, pie
ie [J] brief [brJf], field, piece
[aIq(/I)] d iet ['daIqt], piety ['paIItI]
[aIq] hierarchy ['haIqrRkI]
ier
[Iq] fierce [fIqs], pier [pIq]
oa = [ou] road [roud], boat, goal
-ure = [uq] secure [sI'kjuq], pure
ur+Ãë = [uq] jury ['GuqrI], during
y+Ãë = [j] yes [jes], yard [jRd], yell
Диграфы
ai(/y) = [eI] aid [eId], away, day
air = [Fq(r)] pair
[L] cause
au
[R] laugh [lRf], aunt [Rnt]
[pFq], hair
[kLz], daughter
oar = [L] board [bLd], roar, boar
[ou] toe [tou], foe [fou], hoe
oe
[H] shoe [SH],
manoeuvre [mq'nHvq]
oi(y) = [OI] boy
[u(:)] food
oo
[A] blood [blAd], flood [flAd]
[uq] poor [puq], moor, boor
oor
[L] door [dL], floor [flL]
[bOI], join, oil
[fHd], book, good
121
[au] ground
[graund], house
[A] country ['kAntrI], enough
ou [L] thought [TLt], cough
[H] group [grHp], route
[ou] though [Dou], shoulder
[auq] hour ['auq], flour, sour
our
[L] four
[fL], your, pour
[W] journal
['GWnl], courtesy
[pL]
[uq] tour [tuq], dour ['duq]
[au] down [daun], how
ow
[ou] grow [grou], own, show
[H] due [djH], true, cue
ue [ ] colleague ['kOlJg], antique
[e] guest [gest], guess [ges]
[eIt] operate
['OpqreIt]
(глаголы)
-ate [qt] climate ['klaImqt]
[It] private ['praIvIt],
chocolate
e
= [q]
á/óäàð
-er, -re paper, metre ['mJtq]
-ent, -ment student, experiment
-ence, -ency tendency ['tendqnsI]
-est latest ['leItqst]
= [aI]
i
á/óäàð
-ile exile
['eksaIl], mobile
-ise(-ize) exercise ['eksqsaIz]
[H] fruit [frHt], cruise, juice
[ai] guide-+ [gaid], guise
ui
[I] build [bIld], guild, guitar
[u(:)I] ruin [ruIn], fluid
Суффиксы
-ci social ['souSql]
-si+ГлСуф = [S] pension ['penSqn]
-ti patient ['peISqnt]
-s(z)ure
-t+ГлСуф = [C] future
-àñå = [Is] surface
-ade =[eId] blockade [blO'keId]
-age
[S] censure ['senSq]
[Zq] pleasure
['pleZq]
['fjHCq]
['sWfIs], palace
[IG] image ['ImIG], hostage
[RZ] garage ['gxrRZ],
massage
-ite satellite
['sxtqlaIt]
-fy electrify [I'lektrIfaI]
-o = [ou] studio
['st(j)HdIou]
[d] lived [lIvd], died [daId]
-ed [t] asked [Rskt]
[Id] waited ['weItId] после d è t
[s] map maps [mxps]
-s
[z] bed beds [bedz],
fly flys [flaIz]
-es [Iz] size sizes [saIzIz],
Negroes [nJgrouz]
122
Чтение многосложных слов
1.В словах, имеющих òðè слога и более, основное ударение обычно ставится на третьем от конца слова слоге, а второстепенное на пятом от конца: responsibility [rIs"pOnsI'bIlItI].
2.Гласные в ударных открытых слогах таких слов обычно читаются по правилам закрытых слогов: tragedy
deputy ['depjutI], minister ['mInIstq], policy
['trxGIdI],
['pOlIsI], typical
['tIpIkql].
3.По правилам открытых слогов читаются гласные (кро-
ìå i) в слогах, открываемых гласной i с последующим суффиксом, начинающимся на гласную: r
[fq'rouSqs], sp
['vFqrIqs], hist
ecious ['spJSqs], union ['jHnjqn], various
orian [hIs'tLrIqn], serious ['sIqrIqs], curious
adial ['reIdjql], ferocious
['kjuqrIqs]. Гласные i(y) в таких слогах читаются по закры-
тому типу слога: m
inion ['mInjqn], miriad ['mIrIqd].
4.По общим правилам читаются закрытые слоги, äèã-
ðàôû и звуки, сопротивляющиеся редукции: audience
['LdIqns], bayonet
['beIqnIt], studio ['st(j)HdIou], bulldozer
['buldouzq].
Правила редукции гласных
в безударной позиции
1. Гласныеe, i, y и соответствующие диграфы ie, ey, ei...
редуцируются в [I], õîòÿ äëÿ e достаточно распространен
вариант редукции в [q], в частности в суффиксах -er, -re,
-est, -ent, -ment, -ence, -ency...
2. Гласные a, o, u и буквосочетания с участием этих глас-
íûõ au, our, ure... редуцируются в [q]: common ['kOmqn],
album ['xlbqm], humour
['hjHmq], lacquer ['lxkq].
3.Для буквосочетаний смешанного типа eo, ea, ia, io...
встречаются варианты редукции в [Iq] èëè â [q]: cereal
['sIqrIql], sergeant ['sRGqnt], meteor ['mJtIq], million ['mIljqn],
region ['rJGqn], media ['mJdIq], social ['squSql].
4.Звуки [ou], [jH], [OI] могут сопротивляться редукции:
sambo ['sxmbou], pillow ['pIlou], Andrew ['xndrH], turmoil
['tWmOIl], envoy ['envOI].
123
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
1. Предисловие ......................................................................... 3
2. К читателям ........................................................................ 10
3. Английский алфавит........................................................... 18
4. Английские согласные звуки ............................................. 19
5. Чтение согласных ............................................................... 29
6. Непроизносимые согласные ............................................... 44
7. Английские гласные звуки ................................................. 48
8. Правила чтения гласных в открытом
и закрытом типах слога ...................................................... 54
9. Диграфы .............................................................................. 80
10. Зияния .................................................................................. 94
11. Чтение безударных слогов ............................................... 100
12. Чтение многосложных слов .............................................. 107
13. Английские и «неанглийские» созвучия .......................... 112
Приложения ............................................................................ 118
Приложение 1
Cлова, имеющие особое чтение ....................................... 118
Приложение 2
Сводка правил чтения английских слов .......................... 120
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