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ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.5 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ Q0 ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ t
ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ tɄ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ-
0
ɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ.
Ɋɢɫ. 4.5. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Q
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ N
ɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ
e
ɨɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ Ɏȼ-20,
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɟ R-12
51
,
0
H
ɟ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ (ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɵ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ
O
O
ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɦɢ t
, tK ɢ tɉ. ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 4.1 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟ-
0
ɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ.
ȼ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ). Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ t
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ t
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ
0
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟ-
Ʉ
ɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ
ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɝɨɞɚ. ɏɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ Q
ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ Q
ɊȺȻ
0
ɋɌ
0
, ɭɤɚ-
ɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 4.1
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
ɋɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ
ɪɟɠɢɦɵ
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
ɉɥɸɫɨɜɨɣ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɨɜɵɣ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ
ɇɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɞɥɹ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
ɇɢɡɤɨɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ
ɞɥɹ ɚɦɦɢɚɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɲɢɧ
t0 tȼɋ t
15 10
15
35 20
40 30
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, °ɋ
tɉ
Ʉ
30 25
15 30 25
5 15 35 30
30 25
35 30
Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ:
q
X
ɊȺȻɊȺȻ
QQ
00
ɋɌɊȺȻ
O
QQ
00
ɋɌɋɌ
O
,
q
X
CTCT
q
X
ɋɌɋɌ
.
q
ɊȺȻɊȺȻ
X
ɉɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɦɚɲɢɧ,
ɫɟɪɢɣɧɨ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
52
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ Q0 = f (t0), ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 4.1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ,
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɟ R-12 ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ t
ɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ t
= 30 °ɋ, ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ tɉ = 25 °ɋ, ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ tȼɋ = 10 °ɋ,
Ʉ
ɟɫɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɶ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ Q
= 25 °ɋ, ɤɨɧ-
0
= 25 000 ȼɬ.
ɋɌ
0
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.5, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɦɚɲɢɧɵ Q
# 14 000 ȼɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ t0 = 25 °ɋ
ɊȺȻ
0
ɢ tɄ = 30 °ɋ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɟɬɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɪɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ.
ɉɨ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɚ R-12 ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪ
ɢ ɪ
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ.
0
ɋɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ:
p
ɪ
74,0
K
124,0
0
;96,5
ɞɥɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ:
p
ɪ
74,0
K
18,0
0
.1,4
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 4.3).
ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ:
O
= 0,60,
ɊȺȻ
O
ɋɌ
= 0,69.
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɭɸ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ h1, h4,
q
0
q
X
1
X
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ lgph-
1
hh
41
.
XX
1
ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ:
13,42448,549
q
ɊȺȻ
X
14,0
53
3
.ɤȾɠ/ɦ893
Ʉ
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ:
O
ɪ
p
ɪ
Ʉ
p
Ʉ
13,42466,563
q
CT
X
1,0
3
.ɤȾɠ/ɦ1395
Ɋɚɛɨɱɭɸ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
q
X
QQ
ɋɌɊȺȻ
00
ɊȺȻɊȺȻ
q
O
25000
CTCT
X
8936,0
1395069,0
.ȼɬ13900556,025000
4.3. Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɢ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ
ȼ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟ, ɝɞɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɢ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɩɚɪɚ
ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
NɌ = G (h2 – h1),
ɝɞɟ NɌ – ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ;
G – ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ.
ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ, ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɩɚɧɚɯ
ɩɪɢ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɹ, ɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.6 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟ ɜ Tsɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ. Ʌɢɧɢɹ 12 ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɥɢɧɢɹ ɚ
Ɍ
2
ɪɄ, Ɍ
Ʉ
ɪ0, Ɍ
0
1
Ɋɢɫ. 4.6. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ
ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟ ɜ Ɍs-ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ
bc – ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ.
+ '
ɫ
ɪ
Ʉ
ɍɱɚɫɬɨɤ 1ɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ-
ɧɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɢ.
ȼɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɰɢ-
b
ɪ
0
0
'
ɥɢɧɞɪɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɚ ɩɨɧɢɡɢɥɨɫɶ ɧɚ 'ɪ
0
, ɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɵɫɢɥɚɫɶ
0
ɨɬ T0 ɞɨ T'. ɋɠɚɬɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ
ɚ
T'
s
ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɨɦ ɫɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦɢ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ. ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ
ɫɠɚɬɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɧɢɠɟ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ, ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ
ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɚɪɭ (ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚb). Ɂɚɬɟɦ,
54
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ, ɬɟɩɥɨɬɚ
ɨɬ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɦ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɚ (ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ bɫ). ȼ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ ɩɚɪ
ɫɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ (ɧɚ 'ɪɄ),
ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɝɧɟɬɚɧɢɢ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ. ɗɬɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ Ɍs-ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶɸ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɞɢɚɛɚɬɨɣ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ 12 ɢ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ
ɚbɫ.
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ:
Ni = pi Vh,
ɝɞɟ ɪi – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪɟ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ.
ɍɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ:
K
= NT / Ni.
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
K
, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ,
i
i
ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.3.
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɞɜɟɞɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɜɚɥɭ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ-
ɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ:
Ne = Ni + NɌɊ,
ɝɞɟ NɌɊ – ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɯɨɞɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ.
ɉɨɬɟɪɢ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɄɉȾ:
K
= Ni / Ne.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɟɫɤɪɟɣɰɤɨɩɮɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ
Ɇȿɏ
K
= 0,70,9.
Ɇȿɏ
Ȼɨɥɶɲɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɄɉȾ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɦɚɲɢɧɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ.
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ N
ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ. Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ Ne ɨɬ t0
e
ɢ tɄ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 4.5. ɉɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟɦ t
.
0
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɩɨɞɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ.
55
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ:
N
e
,
KK
ɗȾɉ
= 0,80,9).
ɝɞɟ
N
K
– ɄɉȾ ɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ;
ɉ
K
– ɄɉȾ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (
ɗȾ
ɗȾ
K
ɗȾ
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ:
Q
0
H
T
.
N
T
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ:
Q
0
H
.
e
N
e
4.4. Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ
ɫ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ
ɉɪɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ:
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɦ ɨɛɴɟɦ V
, ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸɬ
h
ɢɥɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ;
ɬɟɩɥɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ Q
ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ
Ʉ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ;
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ N
, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɧɚ ɜɚɥɭ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ,
e
ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɛɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɫ-
ɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ:
ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ Q
ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶ-
0
ɧɵɣ ɚɝɟɧɬ;
ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ: ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ t
, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ tɄ,
0
ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ tɉ, ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ tȼɋ.
ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɬɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɨɜ.
56
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 4.2. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶ-
ɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɟ R-12, ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
Q
= 4000 ȼɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:
0
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ t
= 20 °ɋ;
0
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ tɄ = 30 °ɋ;
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ t
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɵɣ ɩɚɪ t
= 20 °ɋ;
ɉ
= 5 °ɋ.
ȼɋ
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.7, ɚ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɨɛɦɟɧɧɢɤɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɹ, ɜ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɩɚɪɚ. Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɭ 4.7, ɛ.
ɪ
Ʉ
ɪ0, Ɍ
, Ɍ
2
Ʉ
0
1'
2'
1
h
ɊɌɈ
Ʉɞ
Ʉ
p
3'
3
4
3'
3
Ⱦɜ
4
1'
ɂ
2
1
ɚ ɛ
Ɋɢɫ. 4.7. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ (ɚ) ɢ ɰɢɤɥ ɜ ɪh-ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɟ (ɛ)
ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɣ ɉɏɆ ɫ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɟɣ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ lgph-ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɨɜ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɚ R-12,
ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ:
– ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɪ
– ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ ɪ
= 0,1513 Ɇɉɚ;
0
= 0,7435 Ɇɉɚ;
Ʉ
– ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɹ,
h' = 542,9 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
– ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ h
=
1
= 551,9 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
– ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ h
= 582,6 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
2
57
– ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ h3 = h4 = 419,2 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
– ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ,
3
= 0,1167 ɦ
/ɤɝ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ:
– ɦɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ
q0 = h1' – h4 = 542,9 – 419,2 = 123,7 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
– ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ
Q
G
q
0
4000
0
10007,123
;ɤɝ/ɫ0323,0
– ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ
V = G
X
= 0,0323ā0,1167 = 0,00377 ɦ3/ɫ;
1
– ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɯɥɚɞɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ (ɫɦ.
ɪɢɫ. 4.3) ɩɪɢ
p
p
7435,0
K
151,0
0
;9,4
O = 0,66;
– ɨɛɴɟɦ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɪɲɧɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ,
0037,0
V
V
h
O
66,0
3
./ɫɦ0057,0
ɉɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ Vh ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ ɩɨ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚɦ ɮɢɪɦ-
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ ɧɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɫ V
ɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɟɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ ɎȼȻɋ4. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚ-
ɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɲɧɹɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ V
ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ n = 16 1/c ɢ Q
= 5200 ȼɬ.
ɋɌ
0
= 0,0057 ɦ3/ɫ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ
h
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɟ
NT = G (h2 – h1) = 0,0323 ā (582,6 – 551,9) = 0,99 ɤȼɬ.
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɄɉȾ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 4.3)
ɩɪɢ
p
K
p
,9,40
K
= 0,72.
i
X
, ɫɨɜ-
h
1
=
58
ɂɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ (ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɰɢ-
ɥɢɧɞɪɟ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ):
N
N
i
K
99,0
T
i
ɤȼɬ.37,1
72,0
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ (ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɚɥɭ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ):
N
1, 3 7
ɝɞɟ
N
ɟ
K
= 0,8 – ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɄɉȾ.
Ɇȿɏ
i
K
Ɇȿɏ
0,8
1, 7 ɤȼɬ,
Ɇɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ:
ɝɞɟ
N
K
– ɄɉȾ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ (ɜ ɛɟɫɫɚɥɶɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚɯ
ɉ
K
– ɄɉȾ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ (
ɗɅ
N
ɗɅ
KK
ɟ
ɗɅɉ
K
ɗȾ
7,1
9,0
= 0,9).
ɤȼɬ,89,1
K
= 1);
ɉ
Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɵ, ɨɬɧɹɬɨɟ ɨɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɝɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ,
ɬ. ɟ. ɬɟɩɥɨɜɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ:
QɄ = G (h2 – h3) = 0,0323 ā (582,6 – 419,2) = 5,38 ɤȼɬ.
Ɍɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɥɢ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɚɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ:
Q
H
T
N
0,4
0
99,0
T
.04,4
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ:
Q
H
ɗ
N
0,4
0
89,1
ɗ
.12,2
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ 4.3. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɲɢɧɵ ɫ ɚɦ-
ɦɢɚɱɧɵɦ ɨɞɧɨɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ
Q
= 46 000 ȼɬ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ:
0
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ t
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɰɢɢ t
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɢɹ t
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɵɣ ɩɚɪ t
= 15 °ɋ;
0
= 35 °ɋ;
Ʉ
ɉ
59
= 30 °ɋ;
= 5 °ɋ.
ȼɋ
ɋɱɢɬɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ ɩɚɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɡ
ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɢ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɞɥɹ
ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ (ɬɚɛɥ. ɉ.3 ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ). Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4.7.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ:
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɟ ɪ
ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ ɪ
= 0,24420 Ɇɉɚ;
0
= 1,3947 Ɇɉɚ;
Ʉ
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɫɩɚɪɢɬɟɥɹ,
= 1669 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
h
1'
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɡɚɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ h
=
1
= 1680 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɫɠɚɬɢɹ h
ɷɧɬɚɥɶɩɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɨɯɥɚɠɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ h
ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɡɚɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ
= 1940 ɤȾɤɝ;
2
= h4 = 565 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ;
3
X
=
1
= 0,53 ɦ3/ɤɝ.
Ɇɚɫɫɨɜɚɹ ɯɨɥɨɞɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ:
q0 = h
– h4 = 1669 – 565 = 1104 ɤȾɠ/ɤɝ.
1'
Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɦɦɢɚɤɚ:
Q
G
q
46000
0
0
10001104
.ɤɝ/ɫ0417,0
Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɩɚɪɚ, ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɰɢɥɢɧɞɪ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ:
V = G
X
= 0, 0417ā0,53 = 0,0221 ɦ3/ɫ.
1
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 4.3)
ɩɪɢ:
p
p
3947,1
K
24420,0
0
,7,5
O = 0,65.
Ɉɛɴɟɦ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɪɲɧɟɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ:
0221,0
V
V
h
O
65,0
3
./ɫɦ0340,0
60
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