Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Иностранный язык (английский) для судовых механиков и мотористов. Учебное пособие для СПО
.pdf
41
3. Where will the master proceed?
4. Where does the chief engineer remain?
5. Where will the watch keepers remain?
6. Who will direct operations when:
a) the emergency is in the engine room?
b) the emergency is outside the machinery spaces?
7. What is the main command in the communication centre?
5. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Engine Room Fire
The engine room is a high-risk area with most of the combustible materials being class В (oil). Although a fire may start from an electrical source, it will, if unchecked, very likely spread to oils and fuels.
Foam is the best fire fighting medium to fight an oil fire and the emergency
squad will proceed to the scene of a fire in the engine room with the portable foam
making equipment.
If an outbreak of fire occurs when the engine room is manned, the person who
discovers it should, after raising the alarm, try and extinguish it, using the nearest
portable appliance.
If however, the fire is too large to be tackled in this way, personnel in the engine room should first assemble in the control room where the senior officer (стар-
ший no званию) will decide whether an attempt should be made to tackle the fire
with hoses and foam or whether the engine room should be evacuated. He will also
contact the bridge by telephone. Needless to say (само собой разумеется) such decisions and necessary actions must be taken quickly.
If a fire is indicated in the engine room when it is in the unmanned condition,
the duty engineer must on no account (ни в коем случае не должен) proceed there
on his own (no собственной инициативе). Instead he will report to the emergency
42
headquarters. The fire fighting team will be formed by members of the emergency
squad under the direction of the second engineer.
6. Ответьте на вопросы.
1. Why is the engine room considered “a high risk area”?
2. What is the best fire fighting medium to fight an oil fire?
3. What should your first steps be on discovering fire in a manned engine room?
4. What are the duties of the senior officer when the fire in the engine room is
too large?
5. What measures are taken when fire is indicated in an unmanned engine room?
6. Who is in charge of the fire fighting team in this case?
7. Прочитайте и переведите инструкцию.
CABIN CARD
GENERAL EMERGENCY INSTRUCTION
When general alarm sound, meet at the general muster station your emergency
duties are:
In case of fire Position:
Back up Em. Party
Duty:
Back up Em. Party, prepare foam, water hoees.
Close down vent, doors on main deck P/side.
Team leader
Ch. Officer
Abandonship Position:
Lifeboat No. 2
Duty:
Bring extra provisions, load it into lifeboat
Team leader
Ch. Officer
Pollution Position:
BACK UP TEAM
Duty:
BRING OUT SAW DUST/SCOOPS/DRUMS
Team leader
Ch. Officer
Mar. Over Board Position:
E.C.R.
43
Duty:
Under Ch.Engineer's command
Team leader:
Ch.Engineer
Em. Steering Position:
E.C.R.
Duty:
Under Ch. Engineer's command
Team leader:
Ch.Engineer
Helicopter operat, Position:
E.C.R.
Duty:
Under Ch.Engineer's command
Team leader
Ch. Engineer
GENERAL EMERGENCY ALARM. Seven short blasts followed by one
long blast repeated three times.
FIRE ALARM. Group of short blasts.
MAN OVER BOARD. Three long blasts repeated 2–3 times.
EMERGENCY STEERING. Three short blasts repeated three times.
SPECIFIC EMERGENCY ALARM. The master will orally announce the
nature of the emergency on the ship's pa-system, by two-way radio and/or directly.
GENERAL MUSTER STATION. The general muster station is located at
upper deck stbd side abreast accomodation.
REMARKS. All emergency alarm (accept man over board, emergency steering) crew mustered at muster station.
8. Выпишите и запомните новые слова из инструкции.
44
ТЕМА 7. ХАРАКТЕРНЫЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ СУДОВЫХ ДИЗЕЛЕЙ,
ПРИЗНАКИ ИХ ПОЯВЛЕНИЯ И ПРИЧИНЫ,
ВЫЗВАВШИЕ ПОВРЕЖДЕНИЯ
1. Изучите и переведите данные таблицы.
Typical Damages of Marine Diesels
Signs of abnormal operation
Reasons causing abnormalities in diesel operation
1. At starting a diesel
crankshaft is immovable
1. Automatic distance control is incorrect.
2. A valve on the starting balloon is closed.
3. Air, oil is not delivered in the control system
or their pressure is insufficient.
4. A deadwood gasket of a shaft brake is strongly
compressed.
5. Barring gear is blocked
2. At starting crankshaft
begins motion, swings
forward-bank or is stopped
at all
1. Low pressure of starting air.
2. One of the elements of starting diesel system is
incorrect.
3. Diesel starting system is not regulated.
4. The crankshaft is not put into a starting position
(in diesels with small number of cylinders and not
on the power stroke it four-cycle diesels).
5. Gas distribution is disturbed.
6. Discharging manifold is closed
3. A diesel develops sufficient
rotation frequency for starting
but at transfer on fuel flashes
in the cylinder do not take
place or happen with misfires
or diesels are stopped
1. Fuel is not delivered to the fuel pump of high
pressure.
2. Air has been delivered into fuel system.
3. Fuel contains a great amount of water.
4. Viscosity of fuel is higher than normal.
5. Fuel is not delivered because zero delivery of fuel
pumps is established incorrectly.
45
Signs of abnormal operation
Reasons causing abnormalities in diesel operation
6. Fuel is delivered in the cylinders with great delay.
7. Fuel pump of high pressure are switched off with
overspend control or all-regime regulator.
8. Seizing in regulator mechanism.
9. Fuel pump of high pressure or injectors
are incorrect.
10. Pressure in the end of compression is insufficient.
11. A silencer is contaminated.
12. Taps for injectors cleaning are opened or pass
through
4. During starting safety
valves actuate
1. Increased fuel delivery in the cylinder at period
of starting because of incorrect establishing of zero
delivery in fuel pump of high pressure.
2. Fuel injection advanced angle is great.
3. Compression degree is higher than normal.
4. A safety valve is incorrect.
5. Diesel does not develop
rotation frequency of full
stroke at normal position
of a fuel handle
1. A fuel filter is contaminated.
2. Injectors, fuel pump of high pressure
are incorrect.
3. Fuel is overheated.
4. Resistance of ship propulsion because of head
wind, shoals, ice conditions is increased.
5. Low pressure of supercharging.
6. Low pressure of fuel of before a fuel pump
of high pressure.
7. Speed regulator is incorrect.
8. Air is in the fuel system.
9. Delayed or early fuel delivery.
10. Low compression.
11. Some cylinders do not operate
46
Signs of abnormal operation
Reasons causing abnormalities in diesel operation
6. Rotation frequency
of a diesel drops, a diesel
is stopped
1. In one of cylinders a piston score has begun
(knocks are heard at changing a piston stroke).
2. A frame or crank bearing has been cranked
(the crankcase cover is heated, knocks
in the cylinder are heard).
3. A cable has been wound up on the screw.
4. A regulator is incorrect.
5. Emergency protection has worked.
6. Quick closing valve has been closed at a daily
supply tank.
7. A diesel is overloaded.
8. A priming pump is incorrect.
9. An inlet or outlet valve is not closed
7. A diesel is overrun
1. A screw is lost or is bare at rolling.
2. A load is sharply dropped from a diesel-generator.
3. A regulator is incorrect.
4. Rotation frequency of a diesel goes on to increase
at closed fuel on a diesel because of the presence
of fuel, oil in a scavenging receiver and hardover
into a combustion chamber
8. Rotation frequency
of a diesel is unstable
1. Seizes, clearances in a regulator mechanism,
suspensions.
2. Flashes passes in the cylinder.
3. A diesel is not heated.
4. Water is in the fuel.
5. Water is in the fuel system.
6. Poor operation of fuel facilities
9. Temperature of a starting
valve and of a tube delivering
air to the valve is increased
A starting valve is seized or is put
in the nest loosely
47
Signs of abnormal operation
Reasons causing abnormalities in diesel operation
10. Temperature of spent
gases is higher than normal
at the constant power and
revolutions
1. The exhaust gas turbine supercharge
is contaminated.
2. Supercharging air pressure is dropped
11. Pressure of scavenging air
after scavenging pumps lower
than normal
1. Admission plate valves are broken
or established incorrectly.
2. Significant passes of air through piston rings.
3. Height of harmful space in the piston pump
is increased
2. Запомните новые слова и выражения.
the starting ballon
пусковой баллон
control system
система управления
diesel starting system
система пуска дизеля
discharging manifold
выпускной трубопровод
taps for injectors cleaning
краны для прочистки форсунок
fuel injection advanced angle
угол опережения подачи топлива
super charging
наддув
a screw is bare
винт оголён
seizes
заедания
clearances
люфты
suspension
тяга
admission plate valves
всасывающие пластинчатые клапаны
3. Назовите основные причины ненормальной работы дизеля.
48
4. Изучите и переведите данные таблицы.
Damages
Reason. Typical sign
1. Cracks in the fire bottom
of cylinder covers
Sign: аppearance in the place of crack formation
water or salt deposits.
Reasons:
1. Dense compression of a liner without observing
the required heat gap in the packing belt.
2. Increased diameter of resin seal rings.
3. Deformation of a liner at wedging of a piston.
4. Oil ignition in the cylinder scavenge belt
2. Cracks in the fire bottom
of cylinder covers
Signs:
1. Blow-out of water or steam through indicator
cocks at the motor cranking.
2. Appearance of water on the working surface
of a cylinder liner after a motor stop.
3. White coloring of spent gases, lowering
their temperature.
4. Pressure increase of a flash, «shooting»
of a safety valve.
5. Temperature increase of water leaving a cover.
Reasons:
1. Cover overheating because of scale or silt storing in
the cooling cavity.
2. Sharp cooling of a heated cover.
3. Fast load of unheated engine.
4. Hydraulic hit in the cylinder.
5. Presence of a foreign article in the cylinder
3. Breaks of upper
supporting belt
of a working cylinder liner
Signs:
1. Appearance of water in the cylinder.
2. Drop of a liner accompanying with
an engine damage.
49
Damages
Reason. Typical sign
Reasons:
1. Strong tightening of cover fastening pins.
2. Wedging a piston in the cylinder
4. Cracks on the working
cylinder liners
Sign: typical signs are counted in para 2.
Reasons:
1. Scoring and wedging of a piston.
2. Local overheating of a liner because of large scale
deposit in jacket cavity and on the liner walls as well
as oil ignition in the scavenge receiver.
3. Sharp cooling of a overheated engine
5. Scores on the working
surface of cylinder liners
Signs:
1. Passes of gases into the crankcase.
2. Knocks in the cylinder at the moment
of fuel ignition, at the crank transfer through
the upper dead point.
Reason: scoring and wedging of the piston
6. Score and wedging
of the piston
Signs:
1. Appearance an the trunk and the piston head of deep
longitudinal notches, local packing and metal
leading-edge extension, cracks in the boos area
and heating traces with annealing colors. Darkening
of all guide part of a piston.
2. Dull, gradually increasing sound, appears at each
change of a piston stroke.
3. Revolutions number drop.
4. Releasing a smoke from the crankcase.
Reasons:
1. Overloading of an engine or of the cylinder.
2. Quick loading of unhealed engine.
3. Spent gases temperature increase due to sticking
of the injector needle.
50
Damages
Reason. Typical sign
4. Deformation of a cylinder liner because
of overheating.
5. Piston overheating damage.
6. Overheating of the piston by breaking gases
through worn or broken piston rings.
7. Piston rings breaking.
8. Insufficient cylinder lubrication because
of unsatisfactory lubricator operation.
9. Gumming of discharging and scavenging ports.
10. Too dense putting a liner into a block or a small
gap between a liner and a piston.
11. Small heat gap in the locks of piston rings
and insufficient gap in caps (by height)
7. Cracks in the piston head
Signs:
1. Gases break into the crankcase.
2. Temperature increase of a liquid, cooling a piston.
3. Intermittent character of a liquid spray delivered
from the piston.
Reasons:
1. Overheating of the head.
2. Long overheating of a cylinder or an engine.
3. Sharp change of the head cooling regime.
4. Quick load of non-heated engine.
5. Mechanical damage of the head
8. Damage of compression
and oil rings
Signs:
1. Break of gases into the crankcase.
2. Dark or blue coloring of the spent gases.
3. Increase of lubricating oil consumption.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]