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Файл:Грамматика английского глагола. Learn Grammar Fast. Учебное пособие
.pdf
fly
flew
flawn
летать
see
saw
seen
видеть
show
showed
shown
показывать
throw
threw
thrown
кидать, бросать
wear
wore
worn
носить (одежду),
снашиваться
know
knew
known
знать
Времена группы Continious
2. Глагол в аспекте, который называется продолженным - Continuous (Progressive) Aspect - описывает действие,
длящееся в момент речи о нём или в обозначенный отрезок времени – в настоящем (Present Continuous), прошедшем (Past Continuous) или будущем (Future Continuous), -
обычно соотносится с такими указателями времени, как
(right) now, for the present, at the moment, this time tomorrow
(yesterday), и образуется по формуле be + Ving.
В данной формуле при построении продолженного аспекта времени все грамматические показатели времени,
числа и лица глагола-сказуемого берёт на себя вспомогательный глагол be, а главный стоит в неизменной форме с
окончанием - ing (4-ая форма глагола):
Mr. Brown
I
’m talking
I read the newspaper while I’
I looked into the room, the child
The room
While I
The procession
It
will be raining
We’
re sitting
enjoying
действие, запланированное на будущее:
herself in Hong Kong.
Will
you
They
Формой продолженного времени может выражаться
won’t be dancing
is having
on the telephone at the moment
dinner right now.
m having
was playing
was getting
was looking for
will be passing
on Tuesday.
here in London, in the rain, while Jane
be waiting
dark and we switched on the light.
the letter, the phone rang.
our house in five minutes
for me at 9 sharp?
at the concert tomorrow.
breakfast.
quietly.
will be
11
I’
be
быть
want
хотеть
like
нравиться
love
любить
hate
ненавидеть
wish
желать
prefer
предпочитать
remember
помнить
forget
забывать
know
знать
think
думать
understand
понимать
seem
казаться
believe
верить
recognize
узнавать
hear
слышать
see
видеть
belong to
принадлежать
consist of
состоять
depend on
зависеть
m going away
tonight.
Charles was packing. He
was leaving
for Paris that evening.
Поскольку продолженное время выражает какое-то
действие
в определённый отрезок времени, то глаголы,
обозначающие чувства и желания, в форме Continuous не
употребляются:
Be quiet! He
He
doesn’t understand
wants
to read.
what he
is reading
.
Времена группы Perfect
3. Группа совершенного времени (Perfect (Resultative)
Aspect) описывает действие, совершившееся или закон-
чившееся к моменту речи о нём - в настоящем (Present
Perfect), прошедшем (Past Perfect) или будущем (Future Perfect); говорим о результате, на что может указывать упо-
требление слов already, yet, ever, never, just, lately, recently,
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this year/week/morning, since, for. Сказуемое образуется при
помощи вспомогательного глагола have и причастия прошедшего времени, или 3-ей формы смыслового глагола:
have + III форма глагола.
Все грамматические показатели времени, числа и лица глагола-сказуемого берёт на себя вспомогательный глагол have, а главный стоит в неизменной форме прошедшего причастия (от правильного или неправильного глагола):
I’ve organized a survey to find out how many people come
to our theatre.
How long have you been in your present job?
After we had launched our advertising campaign, profits
soared by $3 million.
By the time the fruit arrives, it will have gone bad.
Вопросы, начинающиеся с How long..?, ставятся во
времени группы Perfect:
How long
has he had a beard?
Вопросы, начинающиеся с When..?, ставятся во времени Simple:
When
did she go to London?
Времена группы Perfect Continious
4. Группа совершенного продолженного времени -
Perfect Continuous – образуется по формуле have + been doing и выражает действие, начатое в прошлом и длящееся
до
или в момент речи о нём – в настоящем, прошедшем или
будущем:
Present Perfect Continuous:
now.
We have been studying at the Conservatory
Alice Baker has been living in Toronto
since
for
two years
1989.
It has been raining
stopped.
Past Perfect Continuous:
It was five o’clock. We had been waiting for Douglas
two hours then.
for
an hour, but now the rain has
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for
Hastings had been staying at the hotel
friend arrived.
Mrs Keith said that her husband had been working in the
for
a week when his
garden
since
morning.
Future Perfect Continuous употребляется крайне редко:
By the end of May we’ll have been studying English for two
years.
Следует иметь в виду, что время группы Perfect делает
акцент на
группы Perfect Continuous – на
продолжении
завершении и результате действия
самом действии или его
:
, а время
He has lived here all his life.
He has been living in Durham
for the last few months
.
Если есть указание на то, сколько раз совершалось
действие, употребляется группа времён Perfect, сравните:
Rachel has written
six letters
today.
Rachel has been writing letters all day today.
Упражнения на все группы времен в активном залоге.
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous
Tense.
1. She (not work), she (swim) in the river. 2. He (teach) his
son to ride. 3. Why Ann (not wear) her new dress? 4. The aeroplane (fly) at 2,000 metres. 5. What Tom (do) now? — He
(clean) his shoes. 6. This fire (go) out. Somebody (bring) more
coal? 7. It (rain)? - Yes, it (rain) very hard. You can't go out yet.
8. You (not tell) the truth. — How do you know that I (not tell) the
truth? 9. Who (move) the furniture about upstairs? — It's Tom.
He (paint) the front room. 10. Mrs. Jones (sweep) the steps outside her house. 11. What you (read) now? — I (read) "Crime and
Punishment". 12. It's a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds
(sing).13. Someone (knock) at the door. You (not go) to answer
it? — I (go) in a minute. I just (get) out of my bath. 14. My mother
doesn't usually make cakes on Mondays, but she (make) one
today as my aunt (come) to tea tomorrow. 15. Where is Tom? —
He (lie) under the car. 16. Can I borrow your pen or you (use) it
14
at the moment? 17. Why you (type) so fast? You (make) a lot of
mistakes. 18. You can't see Ann because she (rest). She always rests after lunch. 19. What (make) that terrible noise? —
It's the pneumatic drill. They (repair) the road. 20. The children
are very quiet. Go and see what they (do). 21. I can't hear what
you (say), the traffic (make) too much noise.
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the
Future Simple
1. The old gentleman doesn’t go out in winter. He (go) out
when the weather (get) warmer. 2. I (wait) for the doctor until he
(come) back from the hospital. 3. I’m afraid the old woman (die)
before she (see) her son. 4. The teacher said, ‘I (begin) the les-
son as soon as Jack (stop) talking”. 5. He (not pass) the exam
next summer if he (not work) much harder. 6. He (have) a bad
accident if he (not drive) more carefully. 7. She’s flying to Rome
tomorrow. She (send) her family a telegram as soon as she (ar-
rive). 8. She told her guests, “We (have) lunch when my son
(come) home from school.”9. You (be ) late if you (not take) a
taxi. 10. I (not speak) to him again if he (not apologize). 11. We
(have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day. 12. I (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed. 13. I' m sure he (write) to me
as soon he (know) my new address. 14. Peter has borrowed my
dictionary. He (give) it back when he (see) me tomorrow.
15. The postman (start) work tomorrow before the sun (rise).
16. The little boy (not be) happy until his father (buy) him a bicycle, 17. She (wash) my shirts tomorrow if she (have) time.
18. We (go) out when it (stop) raining. 19. If he (not run) he (not
catch) the train. 20. If you (think) it over you (see) that I am right.
21. If you (learn) another language you (get) a better job. 22. He
(mind) if I (bring) my dog? 23. What your father (say) when he
(hear) about this accident? 24. His father (not give) him any
more money until he (learn) not to waste it. 25. He said, "I (not
retire) before I (be) sixty-five."
3. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Simple or the
Present Continuous Tense.
1. Cuckoos (not build) nests. They (use) the nests of other
birds. 2. You can't see Tom now: he (have) a bath. 3. He usually
(drink) coffee but today he (drink) tea. 4. What she (do) in the
evenings? - She usually (watch) TV. 5. I won't go out now as it
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(rain) and I (not have) an umbrella. 6. The last train (leave) the
station at 11.30. 7. He usually (speak) so quickly that I (not understand) him. 8. Ann (make) a dress for herself at the moment.
She (make) all her own clothes. 9. I (wear) my sun-glasses today because the sun is very strong. 10. Tom can't have the
newspaper now because his aunt (read) it. 11. I can't answer
the phone now because I (paper) the sitting-room walls.
12. How you (get) to work as a rule? — I usually (go) by bus.
13. Why you (put) on your coat? — I (go) for a walk. 14. I always
(buy) lottery tickets but I never (win) anything. 15. You always
(write) with your left hand? 16. I always (write) to him on his
birthday. 17. Tom and Jane (have) a long conversation. I wonder what they (talk) about 18. He never (listen) to what you say.
He always (think) about something else. 19. Why you (walk) so
fast today? You usually (walk) quite slowly. 20. You (recognize)
that man? - I (think) that I have seen him before but I (not remember) his name. 21. Stop! You (not see) the notice? — I (see)
it but I can't read it because I (not wear) my glasses. What it
(say)? 22. She always (borrow) from me and never (remember)
to pay me back. 23. I (think) it is a pity you don't take more exercise. You (get) fat. 24. Tom never (do) any work in the garden;
he always (work) on his car. 25. What he (do) to his car now? —
I (think) he (polish) it. 26. How you (end) a letter that (begin):
"Dear Sir"? - I always (put): "Yours truly", but Tom (prefer)
"Yours faithfully". 27. Who (own) this umbrella? - I (not know).
Everybody (use) it but nobody (know) who (own) it.
4. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple Tense.
1. I (know) the result in a week. 2. You (be) in Rome tonight. 3. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? 4. Do you think
that he (recognize) me? 5. I hope I (find) it. 6. I (remember) this
day all my life. 7. Perhaps he (arrive) in time for lunch. 8. I am
sure that you (like) our new house. 9. I hope he (remember) to
buy bread 10. I wonder how many of us still (be) here next year.
11. Jack (be) twenty years old next week. 12. I (get) up early
tomorrow. 13. The mother (take) her baby to the doctor tomorrow. 14. We (have) a holiday next week. 15. Mary and her sister
(wear) their new dresses tomorrow. 16. I (do) my homework this
evening. 17. She (stay) at home tomorrow. 18. I (see) my mother this evening. 19. Where the children (go) in the summer holi-
16
day? - They (go) to the seaside. 20. They (stay) with us next
Christmas.
5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Continuous
Tense.
1. This time next month I (sit) on a beach. 2. When you arrive I probably (pick) fruit. 3. When we reach England it (rain)
probably. 4. I'll call for her at eight. -- No, don't; she still (have)
breakfast then. 5. I (wait) for you when you come out. 6. When
you next see me I (wear) my new dress. 7. I'll give Jack your
message. I can do it easily because I (see) him tomorrow. We
go to work on the same train. 8. In a hundred years' time people
(go) to Mars for their holidays. 9. I (use) the car this afternoon.
10. I (see) you again.11. I'll come at three o'clock. — Good, I
(expect) you. 12. What do you think the children (do) when we
get home? — I expect they (have) their supper. 13. The garden
(look) its best next month. 14. We've just got to the top in time.
The sun (rise) in minute. 15.
Air hostess:
We (take off) in a few
minutes. Please fasten your safety belts. 16. Let's go out tomorrow because Mary (practise) the piano all day. 17. Don't ring
her up now, she (put) the children to bed. Ring later. 18. That
football club has lost some of its players. They (look) out for
new men. 19. When I get home, my dog (sit) at the door waiting
for me. 20. The doctor is over sixty, but he doesn't want to retire.
I think he still (work) when he is seventy. 21. She is retiring
soon; she (not teach) in this school much longer.
6. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect Tense
and fill the spaces by repeating the auxiliary.
Model.
1. You (wash) the plates? — Yes, I ....
Have you washed the plates? — Yes, I have.
2. You (see) him lately? — No, I....
Have you seen him lately? — No, I haven't.
1. Where you (be)? — I (be) to the dentist. 2. You (have)
breakfast? — Yes, I .... 3. The post (come)? — Yes, it.... 4. You
(see) my watch anywhere? — No, I'm afraid I .... 5. I (not finish)
my letter yet. 6. He just (go) out. 7. Someone (take) my bicycle.
8. The phone (stop) ringing. 9. You (hear) from her lately? — No,
I..., 10. I just (wash) the floor. 11. You (explain) the exercise? -
Yes, I ... . 12. You (have) enough to eat? — Yes, I (have) plenty,
17
thank you. 13. Charles (pass) his exam? — Yes, he .... 14. How
long you (know) Mr. Black? — I (know) him for ten years.
15. Would you like some coffee? — I just (make) some. 16. Mary
(water) the tomatoes? — Yes, I think she .... 17. You (not make)
a mistake? - No, I'm sure I ... . 18. I (ask) him to dinner several
times. 19. I (buy) a new carpet. Come and look at it. 20. He
(post) the letter. 21. I often (see) him but I never (speak) to him.
22. We just (hear) the most extraordinary news. 23. Why he (not
finish)? He (have) plenty of time. 24. How many bottles the
milkman (leave)? — He (leave) six.
7. Supply either the Present Perfect Tense or the Past
Simple Tense as required.
1. I just (tell) you the answer. 2. I (tell) you the answer yesterday 3. John and Richard just (go) away. 4. She already (answer) the letter. 5. She (answer) it on Tuesday. 6. John and David (go) away five minutes ago. 7. I (read) that book in the
summer holidays. 8. The baker (sell) now all his cakes. 9. He
(sell) the last one half an hour ago. 10. I (not see) him for three
years. I wonder where he is. I (fly) over Loch Ness last week. —
You (see) the Loch Ness monster? 12. You (wear) your hair
long when you were at school? — Yes, my mother (insist) on it.
13. He (not smoke) for two weeks. He is trying to give it up.
14. When he (arrive)? - He (arrive) at 2:00. 15. You (lock) the
door before you left the house? 16. I (read) his books when I
was at school. I (enjoy) them very much. 17. I can't go out because I (not finish) my work. 18. I (write) the letter but I can't find
a stamp. 19. The clock is slow. — It isn't slow, it (stop). 20. Here
are your shoes; I just (clean) them. 21. I (leave) home at 8:00
and (get) here at twelve. 22. You (have) breakfast yet? - Yes, I
(have) it at 8:00. 23. I (meet) him last June. 24. You (see) the
moon last night? 25. The play just (begin). You are a little late.
26. The newspaper (come)? — Yes, Ann is reading it. 27. The
actors (arrive) yesterday and (start) rehearsals early this morning. 28. We (miss) the bus. Now we'll have to walk. 29. He
(break) his leg in a skiing accident last year. 30. You (be) here
before? — Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year. - You
(have) a good time? — No, it never (stop) raining.
18
8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Continuous
Tense
1. What you (do) yesterday at 10:20 p.m. ? –
chess with my brother. –
Mr. Y.
: I (listen) to a play on the radio.
Mr. X.:
I (play)
2. My wife and I (talk) about you the other day 3. When I first
met him he (study) painting. 4. Who you (talk) to on the telephone as I came in? - I (talk) to Mr. Smith. 5. Where he (live)
when you saw him last? 6. Tom (sit) in a corner with a book. 7. I
went into the garden to see what the boys (do). 8. The traffic
made so much noise that I couldn't hear what he (say). 9. While
he (learn) to drive he had twenty-five accidents. 10. From the
sounds it was clear that Mary (practise) the piano. 11. John
(work) all day yesterday 12. He watched the children for a moment. Some of them (bathe) in the sea, others (play) in the
sand. 13. When I first met him he (work) in a restaurant.
14. One winter evening the old man and his wife (sit) by the fire.
The old man (smoke) his pipe and (read) the paper. 15. John
got off the train while it (go). 16. It (rain) when we went out. 17. I
(play) the piano when he came into the room. 18. I came into
the room when Mary (play) the piano. 19. While we (fish) someone came to the house and left this note. 20. She (live) in England when the war began. 21. He hurt his foot while he (climb)
the tree. 22. The baby (eat) its dinner when I came home.
23. He (walk) home when the rain began. 24. The car hit a tree
while it (travel) at 60 miles an hour.
9. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Simple or the
Past Continuous Tense.
1. He (write) a letter when I (see) him. 2. Harry (do) his
work while his brothers (play) games. 3. The man (fall) down as
he (run) for the bus. 4. We (sing) a song when George (come)
into the room. 5. While the teacher (give) a lesson, a small dog
(walk) into the room. 6. When the telephone bell (ring), I (work)
in the garden. 7. My hat (flow) off when I (cross) the bridge.
8. The rain (begin) to fall while we (watch) the game. 9. Just as I
(get) interested in my work, I (have) to go home. 10. He (lose)
his pocket-book while he (see) the sights of Rome. 11. Jack
(do) his homework when his father (come) home from work.
12. Mary (wear) her new dress when I (meet) her yesterday.
13. The pupils still (write) their compositions when the bell
19
(ring). 14. She (walk) along the street when she (see) an old
friend. 15. The woman was very tired, and she (lie) on her bed
when her children (come) home from school. 16. The sun (rise)
when I (wake) up this morning 17. The sick child (sleep) when
the doctor (come). 18. I (read) the newspaper when I (hear) a
strange noise. 19. It (rain) hard when I (go) out this morning.
20. We (listen) to the wireless when the telephone bell (ring).
21. The little boy (fish) when he (fall) into the river. 22. Jack's
mother (cook) the dinner when he (come) home from school.
23. A lot of people (see) this accident while they (wait) for the
bus. 24. He often (go) to the British Museum when he (study) at
London University. 25. He (fall) down and (break) his leg while
he (play) football. 26. The travelers (reach) the town just as the
sun (set). 27. The boy (jump) off the bus while it (go). 28. The
hunter (shoot) and (kill) the lion just as it (jump) on him.
29. Mary's mother often (sing) while she (cook) in the kitchen.
30. The old man never (go) out when it (rain). 31. The travelers
(see) some camels as they (cross) the desert. 32. The gardener
(find) a box full of money when he (dig) in the garden. 33. When
I (go) out this morning, the sun (shine) and the birds (sing). It
was a beautiful morning. I (walk) to the nearest park and sat
down on the grass. But while I (sit) there, black clouds gathered
and (hide) the sun. It (begin) to rain heavily, so I (run) home. My
hat (fall) off as I (run). 34. Jack's father (read) a book last night
when he (hear) a noise in the garden. He (open) the window
and looked out. It (be) a dark night and at first he could see
nothing. But just as he (shut) his window, he (see) a man. The
man (try) to climb over the garden wall. He was a thief. When he
saw Jack's father at the window, he (jump) off the wall and ran
away. Jack's father (run) after him. There was a car at the end
of the street. The thief reached the car but just as he (get) into it
Jack's father (catch) him.
10. Open the brackets using the Present Simple, the Present Continuous, the Past Simple or the Present Perfect Tense.
1. Where's the old man living now? — He (live) with his married daughter. He usually (live) with her for six months every
year. 2. He's a night watchman. He work at night and (sleep) in
the daytime. It's now noon, and he still (sleep). 3. I first (meet)
George a month ago, and I (meet) him several times since then.
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