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Файл:Грамматика английского глагола. Learn Grammar Fast. Учебное пособие
.pdf
hand out
раздавать, выдавать
hang up
повесить, положить трубку
hold on
ожидать, поджидать
hold up
задерживать, удерживать
keep on
поддерживать, сохранять на
определенном уровне,
продолжать
keep up with
поспевать, не отставать, дер-
жаться на уровне, поддерживать
отношения
knock out
нокаутировать, сбить с ног,
вырубить, одолеть
leave out
не включать, пропускать
let down
подвести, бросить в беде
live up to
оправдывать ожидания, жить
достойно
look after
заботиться, приглядывать,
присматривать
look back on
вспоминать
look down on
смотреть свысока, относиться
высокомерно
look for
искать, разыскивать
look forward
с нетерпением ожидать
look into
исследовать
look like
быть похожим, походить
look up
искать (в справочнике и т.п.)
look up to
уважать, почитать, считаться с
кем-либо
make out
понимать, разбирать, различать
make up
гримировать, выдумывать,
придумывать, сочинять
make up for
компенсировать, наверстать
mix up
перепутать
pass away
почить, умереть
pass out
терять сознание
pick up
поднимать, подбирать
point out
указывать, обращать чье-либо
внимание на что-либо
put forward
предлагать, выдвигать
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put off
откладывать, снимать с себя
что-либо
put on
надевать (об одежде)
put out
тушить, гасить
put through
соединять (о телефоне)
put up with
терпеть, мириться с чем-либо
run into
сталкиваться, встречаться
неожиданно
run out of
иссякать, заканчиваться
run over
задавить, переехать
see off
провожать кого-либо
set off
отправляться (в путь, дорогу),
трогаться
set up
устанавливать, монтировать
show up
появляться, обнаруживаться,
показываться
sort out
сортировать
speak up
говорить отчетливо и громко
stand by
поддерживать, отстаивать, по-
могать
stand for
означать, символизировать
stand up
вставать, подниматься
take after
быть похожим, походить
take off
снимать, стаскивать (об одежде)
take over
овладевать, взять под контроль,
захватить
take up
заняться чем-либо
tear up
выдрать, вырвать
tell off
выговаривать, отделывать
кого-либо
think over
обдумать, обсудить
throw away
отбросить, бросить
try on
примерить (об одежде)
turn down
уменьшить, убавить
(звук, свет и т.п.)
turn into
превратиться
turn on
включить (о свете), отвернуть
(кран и т.п.)
turn off
выключить (о свете), завернуть
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(кран)
turn out
оказаться (в смысле проявить
себя)
turn up
проявиться, появиться,
оказаться
wake up
проснуться, пробудиться
watch over
охранять
watch out
остерегаться
work out
выработать (план), решить
(задачу), придумать
wrap up
обертываться, закутываться
write down
записывать, представлять
письменно
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Ключи к упражнениям на модальные глаголы
MAY/MIGHT
1.
1. — May I ask you a question? — Sure! Go ahead. 2. —
May I open the window? It's too stuffy in the room. — I don't
mind. 3. — May I borrow your pen? Mine doesn't work for some
reason. — Sure, you may. 4. — May I turn the television on? —
Probably, not, it's too late. 5. You may not take the books without asking for permission! 6. You may not smoke in here, there
are some children around! 7. You may not come here whenever
you want to! 8. — May I tell you all what I really think about it? —
Yes, you may, of course. 9. May I borrow a few your discs, I really enjoy such kind of music. — Sure, you may take them and
listen to them as long as you want. 9. — May I miss the next
class? Our relatives are visiting us just for a couple of days and
I would die to be with them. — Sure you may, but you are supposed to know the new material anyway!
2.
1. Is he likely to know the answer to my question? 2. Do
you think he may know the answer to my question? 3. They may
come any day. 4. She may have forgotten to pass them the
word about your request. 5. They said they might help us. 6. I
was finally allowed to pass the driving test. 7. When I was fourteen my parents didn't allow me to come home late. 8. I really
hope they will allow us to meet. 9. I wonder if it might get colder
tomorrow. 10. He might have just caught a cold and didn't have
a chance to leave home. 11. — Why isn't he answering the
phone? — He may be listening to music too loud and not to hear
the phone ring. 12. — What do you think why he spoke Polish so
well? — I have no clue. After all he might have been living in Poland for a few years! 13. I guess they may look after everything
by themselves. 14. I thought that day everything might have
gone wrong, that's why I decided to put everything off until
Monday. 15. Don't worry! They might have delayed with the
boss; it's not too late at all! 16. — Why haven't they called until
now? — They may be still holding a consultation; you must know
business isn't done quickly over there. 17. They might have
known each other, why not? 18. They may send me on a busi-
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ness trip with them; however I'd rather stay here. 19. They might
have wasted a lot of time solving that problem, so what? They
haven't solved it anyway! 20. If I even had some time now I
might try to find him, but I'm afraid this week I won't have free
time at all. 21. I guess if they had had a little more time they
might have dropped by on us for a few hours, why not?
3.
1. They may have left without waiting till we came. 2. She
might be trying to get through to us right now! 3. — Did you hear
the noise outside? — No, I heard nothing! — Then something
may have been wrong with your hearing. 4. He eats everything
except for the garlic. He always pushes all of it over to the side
of his dish with the salad. — He may not like it.
5. — Yesterday I called him twice, at eight and at nine,
but nobody answered the phone. — They may have been out or
just been sleeping. — So early? That's out of character for them!
6. — Why didn't he tell me about that? — He might not
have known about that by himself. 7. — Why didn't she say hello
to me yesterday? — She just may not have noticed you! 8. It
might have been him, I know how he could act! — Yet it might
not have been him, but someone else instead. 9. — She fell
asleep in the first class. — I guess, she might have been working
all night long, so there is nothing strange in it. 10. When do you
expect her to come back? — She may come back after eight at
night. 11. Why didn't he answer my question? — When you
asked him he might have been thinking about something different and just didn't think it was so important for you. 12. He was
never allowed to develop his business as he'd wanted it to be.
13. — There is a knock on the door. Who do you suppose it is? —
It might be a neighbor. 14. — The phone is ringing. Who do you
think it is? — It may not be him this time! 15. — Why has his
number been busy for over an hour? Who can he have been
speaking with so long? — It may not necessarily have been him.
Don't you know his sister can be on the phone for an hour and
even longer? 16. — What do you think; when she said that yesterday did she really mean what she said? — How do I know?
She might just have been kidding. 17. They may have already
come back and be waiting for you. 18. I might have told her all
that stuff angrily, but you all know for sure how actually treat
her! 19. They just may not know our new address that's why we
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haven't heard from them recently. 20. He may have walked you
to the hotel, it's quite a short distance! 21 He never listens to me
anyway. I might as well talk to a brick wall 22. It may be a very
good resort, but it is too expensive to rest over there. 23. You may
talk everything over with me before making such a crucial move.
24. You might have listened to the old man; he's actually much
experienced than any of you! 25. I was allowed to take any kind of
initiative, do anything I wanted just to produce an effect
CAN/COULD
1. You can bring it here in a week; there is no point in hurrying so much. 2. Can you explain to me what the matter is?
3. She can't have forgotten about her promise. 4. Bees can't
orient in the darkness. 5. Can I put off our meeting for a few
days? 6. She can tell this story better than anybody else. 7. She
can write and speak with a customer at the same time. 8. Can
you understand it is out of place? 9. He can't have apologized
for his mistake by himself; he never apolologizes to anybody.
10. This dress can't be so expensive. 11. I can lend you $300
until the end of the month. 12. Can you understand she doesn't
want to maintain (have) any relations with you? 13. Now you
can't distract his attention even for a single moment; he is too
busy. 14. Can it be true they haven't answered your letter yet?
15. Sometimes he can bring so much trouble. 16. Can I leave
work one hour earlier today? 17. They can gather in two harvests every year. 18. They can't have met on the street by
chance, I guess it was planned in advance. 19. I can't play
cards. 20. She will be able to understand you only if (providing)
you share your words. 21. She may forget to wake him up.
22. Now they are near me, I can see and hear them perfectly
well. 23. — What should we do? — We could ask Olga for help.
24. He can take all his exams well if he puts aside all his activities for at least two weeks. 25. She can learn the language in
one and a half years because she is still young and really has a
good memory. 26. They won't be able to come and see her tomorrow. 27. We can't stay here any more, we have too little
time. 28. You won't be able to answer this question quickly if
you've never thought about that before. 29. You can't call here
when it is so late; everybody is asleep at this time. 30. They
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can't have something to do with that. 31. He can't have said that
to his boss. 32. Can it be so she hasn't come back yet? 33. Can
you turn down the music a little, please? 34. Can you tell me
what time it is? 35. They can't have been living there so long, I
know they had a visa for three months. 36. Will you be able to
translate this sentence by yourself? 37. I asked her if she could
find some time for a serious conversation. 38. She hasn't been
able to get through to us since morning.
COULD
1.
1. He was in such a hurry while eating he could have got
choked. 2. Could I ask you a private question? 3. I have no idea
where they could have gone. 4. They couldn't set me up; I knew
about all their plans. 5. I can hear the rain. 6. Could I have
something to drink? 7. She has always been able to find an approach to her friends. 8. When she was only four she could read
already. 9. I can't see you tonight, I have to work until late.
10. We could swim to that island together if you aren't scared.
11. She couldn't have forgiven him; he had hurt her so much!
12. She could possibly get a promotion soon. 13. I could hardly
believe my own eyes. 14. Can you have believed that liar?
15. He was really very gifted. After living here only seven
months he could understand almost everything we were talking
about. 16. They could have changed their minds. 17. Yesterday
she was allowed to watch her favorite movie on television until
12 because she behaved. 18. It's too hot! We could go to the
country for the entire day tomorrow. 19. That food processor
can't cost more than one hundred bucks. 20. I was able to find
such the words she has finally believed me. 21. Can/Could they
still be waiting for us? 22. I could have invited them but they
were leaving town for a couple days so I didn't. 23. She can't /
couldn't be still memorizing that poem, it has only ten lines.
24. It could/may/might rain after dinner. 25. She was offered a
good job, but she didn't get it. She could have got it, but it was
too far from her home. 26. — Why aren't they here yet? — They
could/might/may have got stuck in a traffic jam. 27. They can't/
couldn't be still hungry! They have eaten a huge meal. 28. The
nights were chilly, our heater didn't work and we couldn't get
warm under the blankets. 29. Could you pass me the sugar
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bowl, please? 30. Thirty years ago prices were so low you could
buy an airplane ticket for ten rubles. 31. She asked if we could
get a taxi someplace around? 32. At such the rains the river
could easily overflow. 33. Since/As he didn't know that subject
at all he couldn't get a good grade in the exam. 34. There was
so much work to do he could have easily spent the whole year
on it. 35. Could I speak to/with your deputy chief, please?
36. You could at least apologize! 36. If you could speak better
English, he might understand you. 38. I couldn't let her get away
with speaking those words. 39. All this week I haven't been able
to get rid of these thoughts. 40. We were able to walk 30 percent of the entire road in one hour.
2.
1. In his childhood he wasn't tall at all, but he was really
tough and could beat any of his peer fellows in the yard. 2. My
uncle could mentally multiply three-figure numbers. 3. When we
went out of the porch I could hear somebody quietly laughing.
4. Although I'd never been to that neighborhood before I was
able to find their apartment house quickly. 5. What shall/should
we do on the weekend? — I guess we could not go anywhere,
just to sleep all day, I'm really exhausted. 6. She can't/ couldn't
have forgotten to bake you her special pie, it's just art of cookery. 7. When I called her I was told she had already left, but I
was able to get in touch with her on her way here. 8. He did a
dreadful deed, but for some reason he was able to persuade the
chief it wasn't his fault. 9. They used to be able to spend together days speaking and joking around. 10. Recently I haven't been
able to sleep well because of the heat. 11. — What color should I
choose to paint the kitchen? — I suppose it could be some quiet
tones, in my opinion it would be perfect. 12. — Did you ask him
about something? — I could have asked, but I just decided not to
so that not to bother him in vain. 13. They couldn't have left
without saying goodbye. 14. They could have warned us about
their coming in advance! 15. They were so popular one could
buy their records all over the place. 16. Could you explain to me
how it is done once again? 17. They said I could call them back
in one and a half hours. 18. I had no clue if she could speak any
other languages besides English. 19. We could have spent yesterday in the country, but in the morning they called me from
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work and asked to work overtime. 20. I could hardly recognize
him, he had changed so much!
MUST
1.
1. This subject must be too difficult for her. 2. No doubt,
they must have taken the exam well. 3. She must have persuaded them to stay in. 4. There is no car in the garage, Mike
must have taken it. 5. You must return the book to the library,
it's been two days overdue. 6. Don't tell her we've bought such
an excellent present to her, it must be a surprise. 7. To find ourselves at the premiere of the film we had to spend one and a
half hours in line. 8. It must have been her friend. Otherwise
what could she have discussed with him so passionately?
9. You must put the room in order before Dad comes back. I
can't even imagine what it will be like if he comes back and sees
all that with his own eyes. 10. As I can see he is too tense all
the time. It seems to me he must learn how to relax. 11. No matter how she had to make him believe her words. 12. You must
have misunderstood me. 13. You didn't have to promise him
anything, such kind of people doesn't deserve trust at all.
14. Don't go there by yourself, you must always have at hand either a map, or someone who knows that area well enough.
15. She must have fallen asleep and just haven't heard him
come into the room. 16. He had to be the last to come. 17. Must
I explain everything to him or he will be able to understand everything by himself? 18. I knew he had to pay him in the same
coin, it was the only chance for him to understand me. 19. She
said I mustn't sleep at lectures. 20. Nobody must explain that to
anybody, it must go without saying. 21. He must not have
learned the subject at all, because he didn't say anything right.
22. I must wish you a speedy recovery. 23. They had to rake the
leaves into piles. 24. Next time you must restrain yourself.
25. You mustn't prevent him from achieving the goal he'd set!
26. They must be having a suntan at the sea, because they invited me to go along with them about half an hour ago but unfortunately I'm busy all day today. 27. We didn't have to look for
that apartment building 23 at Pushkinskaya Street; we just were
going by and spotted it. 28. Nobody must taunt you, you must
make them respect you!
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2.
I. He must have had his screw loose; how could he do this
wickedness against you? 2. Yesterday I had to work out in the
gym from nine thirty to ten thirty. 3. What time must we set out
from the city? 4. Yesterday he fell down and injured his knee so
badly he had to leave the class and go to the nurse's office.
5. Not to make these mistakes you must learn how to distinguish one from another. 6. They told me I must bring them all
the certificates. 7. You mustn't be such the airhead, it will ruin
you. 8. They must have got acquainted even before, because
yesterday they were speaking with each other as if they had
known each other for ages. 9. I've had some stomach problems
recently. I must go to the doctor. 10. I know I smoke too much
and must cut the number of cigarettes per day at least in half.
11. You may/can take the money, but you must pay it back until
Friday. 12. He had to tell everybody about that. 13. He must
have told everybody about that. 14. — Here you are/Here you
go. You must take this money. 15. You mustn't quarrel over trivial matters. 16. He must have drunk himself senseless once
again. 17. She didn't have to get up early yesterday, so she
slept to her heart content. 18. They aren't answering the doorbell. They must not be at home. 19. You mustn't run into debts.
You must run your business good enough to have enough
money that you personally make. 20. We must find a good and
inexpensive lodging in the shortest possible time. 21. The bed
clothing must be changed today. 22. She is still not here, but
she must be hurrying up to see us. 23. They must have been
arguing for quite awhile because one could hear their loud voices in the room all day long- 24. It mustn't happen. 25. It had to
happen. 26. It must have already happened. 27. You mustn't
prevent me from having my own opinion. 28. You must place
here a notice: «Beware of the dog». Otherwise it's going to bite
someone. 29. They must be half sisters.
HAVE TO/HAVE GOT TO
1.
1. My older brother has to study at University for another
one and a half years. 2. She has to work six days a week to
support her family. 3. Mom said I must throw out garbage to-
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