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THE UNITED KINGDOM __________________________________________________________ 61
Places to visit in London
London offers visitors a great variety of places
of interest. It’s a dream city to everybody interested in English history and culture.
World-famous places are the Tower of London,
St. Paul’s Cathedral, Trafalgar Square, Westminster Abbey, the Houses of Parliament and so on
and so forth.
The Tower of London was founded by Julius
Caesar. In 1066 the Tower was rebuilt by William
the Conqueror. It was used as a fortress, a royal
palace, a prison and the King’s Zoo. Now it is
a museum where we can see the Crown Jewels,
the finest precious stones of the nation and a fine
collection of armour, exhibited in the Keep. The
most beautiful building of the Tower is the White
Tower. It was built in the 11
th
century by William
the Conqueror. A lot of ancient traditions and
customs are carefully kept in the Tower. For example, changing of the guard and taking care of
the ravens in the Tower. The legend says: till the
ravens are alive England will be rich.
St. Paul’s Cathedral is the largest Protestant
Church in England. The famous English architect
Sir Christopher Wren built it in the 17
th
century.
It took Sir Christopher Wren 35 years. It is
a beautiful building with many columns and
towers. In one of its towers there is one of the
largest bells in the world.
Trafalgar Square is the centre of London. It
is the most beautiful square in London. It is usu-
ally full of visitors feeding the pigeons and looking at the statues and fountains. In the middle of
the square there is a tall column. It is a monument to Admiral Nelson. This monument was
erected to commemorate Nelson’s victory at the
Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. He defeated the
French and Spanish fleets. Four bronze lions look
at the square from the monument. There are two
beautiful fountains in the square. They are in front
of the National Gallery. The National Gallery contains a great collection of paintings by British,
Italian, Spanish, French, Dutch and other famous
artists.
The Houses of Parliament is a symbol of
London. Big Ben is the large clock in one of the
towers of the Houses of Parliament. Big Ben is
named after Sir Benjamin Hall, the first Commissioner of Works. Now the Houses of Parliament
is the seat of the British Parliament.
Westminster Abbey is situated opposite the
Houses of Parliament. It is one of the most famous and beautiful churches in London. It was
founded by Edward the Confessor in 1050. The
construction lasted 300 years.
Nearly all English kings and queens have been
crowned here. Many outstanding statesmen, scientists, writers, poets and painters are buried here:
Newton, Darwin, Chaucer, Dickens, Tennyson,
Kipling, etc.
Names
the Tower of London — Лондонский Тауэр
St. Paul’s Cathedral [sAnt 'pD:lz kA'Fi:drAl] —
Собор св. Павла
Trafalgar Square [trA'fBlMA 'skwLA] — Тра-
фальгарская площадь
Westminster Abbey ['westmInstAr 'BbI] —
Вестминстерское аббатство
the Houses of Parliament — здание парла-
мента
Julius Caesar ['dZu:lIAs 'si:zA] — Юлий Цезарь
William the Conqueror ['wIljAm GA 'kDNkArA]
— Вильгельм Завоеватель
the Crown Jewels ['kraun 'dZu:elz] — драго-
ценности королевской казны
Sir Christopher Wren ['sA: 'krIstAfA 'ren] —
Кристофер Рен
the National Gallery ['nBSAnl 'MBlArI] —
Национальная галерея
Edward ['edwAd] the Confessor — Эдуард
Исповедник
Newton ['nju:tn] — Ньютон
Darwin ['da:wIn] — Дарвин
Chaucer ['tSD:sA] — Чосер
Dickens ['dIkInz] — Диккенс
Tennyson ['tenIsn] — Теннисон
Kipling ['kIplIN] — Киплинг
the Keep [ki:p] — главная башня, сокро-
вищница

62 __________________________________________________________ THE UNITED KINGDOM
Vocabulary
to offer ['DfA] — предлагать
variety [vA'raIAtI] — разнообразие
dream [dri:m] — мечта, сон
to found [faund] — основывать
to rebuild ['ri:'bIld] (rebuilt, rebuilt) —
отстроить заново, восстановить
fortress ['fD:trIs] — крепость
royal palace ['rDIAl 'pBlIs] — королевский
дворец
prison ['prIzn] — тюрьма
precious stone ['preSAs 'stAun] — драгоценный
камень
armour ['C:mA] — вооружение, доспехи
to exhibit [IM'zIbIt] — выставлять, экспони-
ровать
ancient ['eInSAnt] — древний, старинный
custom ['kEstAm] — обычай
carefully ['kLAfulI] — бережно, внимательно
to keep [ki:p] — хранить
to change [tSeIndZ] — менять, заменять
guard [MC:d] — охрана
to take care [teIk kLA] of — заботиться о
raven ['reIvn] — ворон
Answer the questions.
1.What are the world-famous places in London?
2.Who founded the Tower of London?
3.When was the Tower of London rebuilt? Who
rebuilt the Tower?
4.How was the Tower used?
5.What can we see in the Tower now?
6.What is the most beautiful building of the
Tower?
7.When was the White Tower built? Who built it?
8.What traditions and legends of the Tower do
you know?
9.What is the largest Protestant Church in England?
10.When was St. Paul’s Cathedral built? What architect built this cathedral?
11.How long did it take Sir Christopher Wren to
build St. Paul’s Cathedral?
12.What is the most beautiful square in London?
alive [A'laIv] — живой, в живых
column ['kDlAm] — колонна
full [ful] — полный
to feed [fi:d] — кормить
pigeon ['pIdZIn] — голубь
fountain ['fauntIn] — фонтан
to erect [I'rect] — воздвигать, сооружать
to commemorate [kA'memAreIt] — отмечать
(событие)
victory ['vIktArI] — победа
to defeat [dI'fi:t] — наносить поражение
fleet [fli:t] — флот, эскадра
to contain [,kAn'teIn] — содержать в себе
to name [neIm] — называть
commissioner [kA'mISnA] — спец. уполномо-
ченный
opposite ['DpAzIt] — напротив
construction [kAn'strEkSn] — строительство
to crown [kraun] — короновать
outstanding [aut'stBndIN] — выдающийся,
знаменитый
statesman ['steItsmAn] — государственный
деятель
13.What is there in the middle of Trafalgar Square?
14.Why was the monument to Admiral Nelson created? When?
15.What sculptures look at the square from the
monument?
16.How many fountains are there in the square?
17.Where are the fountains situated?
18.What collections does the National Gallery contain?
19.What is one of the symbols of London?
20.Where is Big Ben situated?
21.What was Sir Benjamin Hall?
22.Where is Westminster Abbey situated?
23.When was Westminster Abbey founded? Who
founded it?
24.How long did the construction last?
25.Who was crowned and buried in Westminster
Abbey?
Read the first part of the sentence in A and find the second part in B.
АB
1.This monument was erected ...
2.The famous English architect Sir Christopher
Wren built ...
3.In 1066 the Tower was rebuilt ...
... in the 11th century by William the Conqueror.
... by Edward the Confessor in 1050.
... for everybody interested in English history and
culture.

THE UNITED KINGDOM __________________________________________________________ 63
4.The National Gallery contains ...
5.Westminster Abbey was founded ...
6.Big Ben is named after ...
7.The White Tower was built ...
8.London is a dream city ...
... to commemorate Nelson’s victory at the battle of
Trafalgar in 1805.
... by William the Conqueror.
... St. Paul’s Cathedral in the 17
... a great collection of paintings by British, Italian,
Spanish, French, Dutch and other famous artists.
... Sir Benjamin Hall, the first Commissioner of
Works.
Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text.
1.The legend says: ... .
2.Now it is a museum where we can see ... .
3.World-famous places are ... .
4.Big Ben is the large clock in ... .
5.Westminster Abbey is one of the most ... .
6.Many outstanding statesmen ... .
7.The most beautiful building of the Tower
is ... .
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.A lot of ... traditions and customs are carefully
kept in the Tower.
2.In one of its towers there is one of the largest
... in the world.
3.There are two beautiful ... in the square.
4.Admiral Nelson defeated the French and Span-
ish ... .
5.Trafalgar Square is usually full of visitors feed-
ing the ... and looking at the ... and ... .
6.For example, changing of the ... and taking care
of the ... in the Tower.
7.London offers the visitors a great ... of places
of interest.
th
century.
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
was founded, look, was used, was erected, is, is named, took
1.Four bronze lions ... at the square from the
monument.
2.It ... Sir Christopher Wren 35 years.
3.It ... as a fortress, a royal palace, a prison and
the King’s Zoo.
4.The Tower of London ... by Julius Caesar.
5.In the middle of the square there ... a tall column.
6.Big Ben ... after Sir Benjamin Hall, the first
Commissioner of Works.
7.This monument ... to commemorate Nelson’s
victory at the battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
Choose the correct item.
1.The construction ... 300 years.
was built, took care, lasted
2.The White Tower ... in the 11
William the Conqueror.
was, was built, look
3.London ... the visitors a great variety of places
of interest.
offers, was created, could
th
century by
4.Nearly all English kings and queens ... there.
5.The National Gallery ... a great collection of
paintings.
6.Westminster Abbey ... opposite the Houses of
Parliament.
worked, have been crowned, were
looks, was founded, contains
is situated, took place, was

64 __________________________________________________________ THE UNITED KINGDOM
Translate from Russian into English.
1.Трафальгарская площадь — центр Лондона.
2.Легенда гласит: пока вороны живы, Англия
богата.
3.Лондон — это город мечты для каждого, кто
интересуется английской историей и культурой.
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Mary: Excuse me, can you tell me the way to
Oxford Circus?
Londoner: Go straight on along this street till you
get to the traffic lights, turn right at the
lights, keep straight on a little way, and
that brings you to Oxford Circus. You
can’t miss it!
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Julia: It’s great! At last I feel I’m in London.
Helen: Julia, while the weather is still fine, let’s walk
round Trafalgar Square.
Julia: OK. I think we’ll be able to go to Westmin-
ster Abbey later. Please, could you tell me
when this monument was built?
Helen: What monument?
Julia: This one, to your right.
Helen: It was erected in 1677 to commemorate the
Great Fire of London in 1666.
4.Собор св. Павла — самая большая протестантская церковь в Англии.
5.Здание Парламента — символ Лондона.
6.Вестминстерское аббатство было основано
Эдуардом Исповедником в 1050.
Mary: One more thing, how long will it take
me to get there?
Londoner: About half an hour, I think.
Mary: Thank you very much.
Julia: The Great Fire. Yes, I’ve read something
about it.
Helen: The monument was designed by Sir Christo-
pher Wren.
Julia: Oh, he was a very famous British architect,
wasn’t he?
Helen: Yes, he was. A lot of famous buildings in
London were designed by Christopher
Wren.
Julia: I think it’s going to rain. Let’s hurry up.
Helen: OK.
Theatres in London
London is very rich in theatres. There are over
40 in the West End alone. If you’re staying in
London for a few days, you’ll have no difficulty
whatever in finding somewhere to spend an
enjoyable evening. It is more than enough
to ensure that there will always be at least two
or three shows running to suit every kind of
taste.
Some of them are specialized theatres. The
Royal Opera House or Covent Garden is the home
of opera and ballet. Salder’s Wells is another opera
house. It has historical links with the famous Old
Vic Theatre. Now it houses the National Thea-
tre. Some theatres concentrate on classics and serious drama, some on light comedy and review,
some on musicals. Most theatres have a personality of their own, from the old, such as the Theatre Royal in the Haymarket, to the very new, such
as the Mermaid Theatre in the City.
Most of London theatres are concentrated in
a very small area, within a stone’s throw of Piccadilly and Leicester Square tube stations. As the
evening performances begin either at 7.30 or
8 p. m., there is a kind of minor rush-hour between 7.15 and 8 o’clock in this district. People
stream out of the nearby tube stations.

THE UNITED KINGDOM __________________________________________________________ 65
The pavements are crowded. The taxis and private cars manoeuvre into position as they drop
theatre-goers outside the entrance of each theatre. There is another minor rush-hour when the
performances finish.
Before World War II performances began later
and a visit to the theatre was a more formal occasion. Nowadays few people “dress” for the thea-
Names
The Royal Opera House (Covent Garden) — Королевский оперный театр (Ковент Гарден)
Piccadilly — Пикадилли
Leicester ['lestA] Square — площадь Лестер
Vocabulary
difficulty ['dIfIkAltI] — трудность
no ... whatever [wDt'ever] — никакой
enjoyable [In'dZDIAbl] — приятный
enough [I'nEf] — достаточно
to ensure [In'SuA] — обеспечивать, гаранти-
ровать
at least — по крайней мере
to suit [sju:t] — устраивать, удовлетворять
требованиям
taste [teIst] — вкус
to specialize ['speSAlaIz] — специализиро-
ваться
link [lINk] — связь
to concentrate — сосредоточиваться
review [rI'vju:] — ревю
personality [,pA:sA'nBlItI] — индивидуаль-
ность
tre except for the first night or an important “gala”
performance.
Although London has many theatres, the same
is not true for the rest of the country. Many
quite large provincial towns have no professional
theatres. Television and the difficulty of financing plays have helped to close many of the theatres.
area ['LArIA] — площадь
within a stone’s throw [FrAu] — близко от
tube [tju:b] — метрополитен (в Лондоне)
minor ['maInA] — незначительный
rush-hour [rES 'auA] — час пик
stream [stri:m] — поток
nearby ['nIAbaI] — близкий, соседний
pavement ['peIvmAnt] — тротуар
to crowd [kraud] — толпиться
manoeuvre [mA'nu:vA] — маневрировать
position [pA'zISAn] — положение
entrance ['entrAns] — вход
formal ['fD:mAl] — официальный
occasion [A'keIZAn] — случай, повод
except [Ik'sept] — за исключением
gala ['MC:lA] — торжественный, праздничный
although [D:l'GAu] — хотя
Answer the questions.
1.London is very rich in theatres, isn’t it? What
theatres in London do you know?
2.What theatre in London is the home of opera
and ballet?
3.What is one of the oldest theatres in London?
4.Which theatre in London is very new?
5.Where are most London theatres concentrated?
6.What time do the evening performances begin?
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Carol: Is that you, Jane? How are you feeling to-
day? I hope you are well.
Jane: Very well, thanks. And you?
Carol: I am fine, thanks. I am ringing you up to
invite you to the theatre. Would you like to
join me?
7.What is the difference between going to the
theatre before World War II and nowadays?
8.Are there a lot of theatres in the provincial
towns? Why not?
9.Have you ever been to London? Did you go to
the theatre in London? Are you going to visit
London? What theatre would you like to go to
in London?
Jane: When are you going to the theatre?
Carol: Tomorrow evening.
Jane: With great pleasure, Carol. What are you
going to see?
Carol: Macbeth at the National Theatre.

66 __________________________________________________________ THE UNITED KINGDOM
Jane: It’s great. I haven’t seen it yet. But I
am afraid it will be impossible to get the
tickets.
Carol: You see, I’ve got two tickets. I’ve bought
them beforehand. I wanted to go there with
my brother, but he has fallen ill.
Jane: What a pity! How is he now?
William Shakespeare
One of the greatest and most famous English
writers is William Shakespeare.
We know very little about his life. He was
born on the 23
on-Avon, a small English town. William was
baptised in the church of Stratford on the 26
of April. The boy was born to John and Mary
Shakespeare. His mother was the daughter of a
farmer. His father was a glove-maker. Little is
known about William’s childhood. He was educated at the local Grammar School. William’s
father wanted his son to be an educated person. There he learned to love reading. Young
William liked to watch actors who visited Stratford-on-Avon. He was fond of acting and decided to become an actor. When little over
eighteen, William married Anne Hathaway of
Shottery. Anne was a farmer’s daughter some
years older than William. They had three children. They were Susannah, Hamnet and Judith.
William lived in Stratford until he was about
twenty-three. In 1587 Shakespeare went to work
in London, leaving Anne and the children at
home. We don’t know why he did it. Some people say that the reason was his love for poetry
and theatre. But there is another story which says
that he had to run away from law because
he had killed some deer belonging to a
rich man.
rd
of April in 1564 in Stratford-
Carol: Much better. I think in a few days he’ll com-
pletely recover.
Jane: I’m glad to hear it. My best wishes to him.
What time and where shall we meet tomorrow?
Carol: I think at 6 o’clock at the bus stop.
Jane: OK.
There is a story that Shakespeare’s first job in
London was holding rich men’s horses at the
theatre door.
But nobody can be sure that these stories are
true.
th
Later Shakespeare worked as an actor at the
London theatre The Globe. He began to write plays.
Most of his plays were performed in The Globe
theatre. He usually acted only small parts, like the
Ghost in Hamlet. It helped him in the writing of
his plays. In a few years he became a well-known
author. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays. Among them
there are deep tragedies, such as Hamlet, King Lear,
Othello, Macbeth, light comedies, such as The Merry
Wives of Windsor, All’s Well That Ends Well, Twelfth
Night, Much Ado About Nothing, historical dramas,
such as Henry IV, Richard III.
Most of Shakespeare’s plays were not published
in his life. So some of them may have been lost in
the fire when The Globe burned down in 1613.
Besides plays Shakespeare wrote a lot of poetry, which is translated into many languages and
is well-known throughout the world.
Shakespeare spent the last years of his life at
Stratford where he died in 1616.He was buried
in Holy Trinity Church of Stratford. William
Shakespeare created a new epoch in the world
literature. Every new generation of people finds
something important in his works.
Names
William Shakespeare ['SeIkspIA] — Уильям
Шекспир
Stratford-on-Avon ['strBtfAd A'pDn 'eIvn] —
Стрэтфорд-на-Эйвоне
Susannah [su:'zBnA] — Сусанна
Hamnet ['hBmnit] — Гамнет
Judith ['dZu:dIF] — Джудит
London ['lEndAn] — Лондон
The Globe [MlAub] — «Глобус»
Hamlet ['hBmlIt] — «Гамлет»

THE UNITED KINGDOM __________________________________________________________ 67
Names
King Lear [lIA] — «Король Лир»
Otello [Au'FelAu] — «Отелло»
Macbeth [mAk'beF] — «Макбет»
Merry Wives of Windsor — «Виндзорские
насмешницы»
All’s Well That Ends Well — «Конец — делу
венец»
Vocabulary
to be born [bD:n] — родиться
to baptise [bBp'taIz] — крестить
church [tSA:tS] — церковь
to educate ['edju:keIt] — давать образование
local ['lAukAl] — местный
grammar school — начальная школа
glove-maker [MlEv 'meIkA] — перчаточник
to marry ['mBrI] — жениться
until [An'tIl] — до тех пор
reason ['ri:zn] — причина
poetry ['pAuItrI] — поэзия
law [lD:] — закон
to kill — убивать
deer [dIA] — олень
to belong to — принадлежать
Twelfth Night — «Двенадцатая ночь»
Much Ado About Nothing — «Много шума
из ничего»
Henry IV — «Генрих IV»
Richard III ['rItSAd] — «Ричард III»
Holy Trinity Church of Stratford ['hAulI
'trInItI 'tSA:tS] — церковь св. Троицы
to hold [hAuld] (held, held) — проводить
to perform [pA'fD:m] — исполнять, представ-
лять
well-known — хорошо известный
to act — играть (роль)
ghost [MAust] — привидение
deep [di:p] — глубокий, сильный, серьезный
tragedy ['trBdZIdI] — трагедия
to publish ['pEblIS] — публиковать
to lose [lu:z] (lost, lost) — терять
throughout [Fru:'aut] — повсюду
to die [daI] — умирать
to bury ['berI] — хоронить
to create [krI'eIt] — создавать
generation [,dZenA'reISAn] — поколение
Answer the questions.
1.Where and when was William Shakespeare
born?
2.Where was he baptised?
3.What were William’s parents’ names? What were
his parents?
4.Where was William educated?
5.Why did William decide to become an actor?
6.When did William marry? What was his wife?
7.How many children did they have? What were
their names?
8.Where did William live with his family?
9.When did William go to London leaving his
wife and children at home? What was the reason of his leaving?
10.What theatre did Shakespeare work at as an
actor?
11.Shakespeare began to write plays, didn’t he?
Where were they performed?
12.How many plays did he write?
13.Did he act the main parts in his plays?
14.What most famous Shakespeare’s plays do you
know?
15.Were his plays published in his lifetime?
16.What happened to his plays in 1613?
17.What else besides plays did Shakespeare write?
18.Where did Shakespeare spend the last years of
his life?
19.When did the greatest English writer die? Where
was he buried?
20.What Shakespeare’s plays or poems did you
read?
21.What is your favourite play?
Read the fist part of the sentence in A and find the second part in B.
АB
1.Young William liked to watch ...
2.Shakespeare spent the last years of his life ...
3.Among them there are deep tragedies such
as ...
4.His mother was ...
... an actor at the London theatre The Globe.
... his love for poety and theatre.
... was holding rich men’s horses at the theatre door.
... actors who visited Stratford-on-Avon.

68 __________________________________________________________ THE UNITED KINGDOM
5.Some people say that the reason was ...
6.One of the greatest and ...
7.In 1587 Shakespeare went to work in ...
8.Later Shakespeare worked as ...
9.William Shakespeare created ...
10.There's a story Shakespeare's first job in London was ...
... a new epoch in world literature.
... at Stratford where he died in 1616.
... most famous English writers is William Shake-
speare.
... the daughter of a farmer.
... London, leaving Anne and the children at home.
... Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, Macbeth.
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.In a few years he became ... author.
2.Besides plays Shakespeare wrote a lot of ... .
3.William Shakespeare created a new ... in the
world literature.
4.His father was ... .
5.But there is another story which says that he
had to run away from ... because he had killed
some ... belonging to a rich man.
6.William’s father wanted his son to be ... person.
7.Every new ... of people finds in his works something important.
Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text.
1.William lived in Stratford ... .
2.He was educated ... .
3.Most of his plays were performed ... .
4.So some of them may have been lost in ... .
5.We know very little ... .
6.He was fond of actor’s profession ... .
7.His mother was ... .
8.Shakespeare wrote ... .
9.There he learnt to ... .
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
weren’t published, was fond, married, was educated, decided, acted, were performed,
created, was baptised
1.When little over eighteen, William ... Anne
Hathaway of Shottery.
2.Most of his plays ... in the Globe Theatre.
3.William Shakespeare ... a new epoch in the
world literature.
4.Most of Shakespear’s plays ... in his lifetime.
5.He ... of actors profession and ... to become an
actor.
6.He ... at the local Grammar School.
7.William ... in the church of Stratford on the
th
of April.
26
8.He usually ... only small parts, like the Ghost in
Hamlet.
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Betsy: Hello, Frank!
Frank: Oh, Betsy, hello! I haven’t seen you this
week.What’s happened to you? Have you
been ill?
Betsy: Yes. As a matter of fact I’ve been sick with
influenza for about five days.
Frank: I’m sorry to hear it. Are you feeling any
better now?
Betsy: Yes, I’m recovering all right.
Frank: Have you heard the news? We went to see
Othello.
Betsy: That’s great! I like Shakespeare’s plays. I’ve
Frank: It was splendid. I enjoyed every minute of it.
Betsy: Pleased to hear it. Where did you have seats?
Frank: In the stalls, close to the stage. I’d like to
Betsy: Well, I’m awfully glad you enjoyed it. I hope
Frank: Certainly. I’m sure you’ll be deeply im-
always wanted to see Othello. How did you
like the play?
tell you I was impressed. The best actors
were engaged in the performance. It’s a play
I’ll remember for long!
I’ll see this performance too.
pressed by this play.

THE UNITED KINGDOM __________________________________________________________ 69
Robert Burns
The great Scottish poet Robert Burns was born
in 1759.He was born in the family of a poor
farmer. Robert was the eldest of seven children.
He spent his youth working on his father’s farm.
Robert’s father was extremely well-read and employed a tutor for Robert and his younger brother
Gilbert. His father William Burns was a kind
person who loved and understood people. So
Robert learned to love and respect people from
his father. Robert’s mother had a beautiful voice
and often sang songs and told many folk-tales to
her children. Robert remembered his mother’s
songs and stories all his life.
His father wanted Robert to be an educated
person and sent him to school at the age of
6.Robert liked reading books. His favourite
writer was Shakespeare.
At the age of 15 Robert wrote his first verse,
My Handsome Nell. He wrote poems about people, about everyday life. The heroes of his mother’s stories became the heroes of his poems.
In 1777 Robert moved to another town where
he organized a society of young people. They
discussed moral, social and political problems of
that time.
In 1784 his father died. Robert and his brother
became partners on the farm. However Robert was
more interested in the romantic nature of poetry
than in working on a farm. In 1791 he had to sell
the farm because he wasn’t successful at farming.
He wanted to leave the farm for the West Indies.
But he didn’t go to the West Indies. His first book
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect was published.
This book was highly praised by the critics. This
made him stay in Scotland. Burns moved to Edinburgh.
Robert Burns travelled much about Scotland
collecting popular songs. Burns took part in creating a book of old Scottish folk songs, writing
words for many melodies. His beautiful poem My
Heart’s in the Highlands is a hymn to the beauty
of Scotland’s nature and to its glorious past. Burns
is the author of the words of the song Auld Lang
Syne which Scottish people sing on the New Year's
Day.
His favourite heroes were William Wallace and
Robert Bruce. Wallace was the leader of the uprising against the English oppressors. Bruce defeated the English army and later became King of
Scotland.
Robert Burns died in poverty at the age of 37
in 1796 of heart disease.
His poetry is known and loved by people in
many countries in the world.
Names
Robert Burns ['rDbAt 'bA:nz] — Роберт Бернс
Gilbert ['MIlbAt] — Гилберт
William ['wIljAm] — Уильям
the West Indies ['west 'IndIz] — Вест-Индия
Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect —
«Стихи главным образом на шотландском диалекте»
Vocabulary
youth [ju:F] — юность, молодость
extremely [Iks'tri:mlI] — чрезвычайно
well-read ['wel'red] — начитанный
to respect [rIs'pekt] — уважать
society [sA'saIAtI] — общество
moral ['mDrAl] — нравственный, этический
social ['sAuSAl] — общественный
poetry ['pAuItrI] — поэзия
successful [sAk'sesful] — успешный, удачный
to publish ['pEblIS] — публиковать
highly ['haIlI] — высоко, благоприятно
to praise [preIz] — хвалить, превозносить
Auld Lang Syne — «Старая дружба»
My Heart’s in the Highlands — «В горах мое
сердце»
William Wallace ['wIljAm 'wDlAs] — Уильям
Уоллес
Robert Bruce ['rDbAt 'bru:s] — Роберт Брюс
to create [kri:'eIt] — создавать
folk-song ['fAuksDN] — народная песня
highland ['haIlAnd] — плоскогорье
nature ['neItSA] — природа
glorious ['MlD:rIAs] — славный, знаменитый
author ['D:FA] — автор
uprising [Ep'raIzIN] — восстание
oppressor [A'presA] — угнетатель
poverty ['pDvAtI] — бедность
disease [dI'zi:z] — болезнь
to be known — быть известным

70 __________________________________________________________ THE UNITED KINGDOM
Answer the questions.
1.When was Robert Burns born?
2.What family was he born in?
3.How many children were there in his family?
4.How did Robert spend his youth?
5.What was his father’s name?
6.What do you know about Robert Burns’s father? What kind of person was he?
7.What did Robert Burns learn from his father?
8.What do you know about Robert Burns’s
mother? What did she often tell to her children?
9.Whose songs and stories did Robert Burns remember all his life?
10.At what age did Robert go to school?
11.Who was his favourite writer?
12.At what age did Robert Burns write his first
verse?
13.What did he write about?
14.What heroes became the heroes of his poems?
15.When did Robert Burns move to another town?
Choose the correct item.
16.What did he organize there?
17.What did the young people discuss there?
18.When did Robert Burns’s father die?
19.Was Robert interested in working on a farm?
Why?
20.When did Robert have to sell the farm? Why?
21.Where did he want to go?
22.Why didn’t he go to the West Indies?
23.Was his first book praised?
24.Where did he move to?
25.What did he do travelling about Scotland?
26.What book did he take part in creating?
27.What can you say about the poem My Heart’s
in the Highlands?
28.What people were Robert Burns’s favourite heroes?
29.What was William Wallace?
30.What was Robert Bruce?
31.When did Robert Burns die?
32.Do you like to read Robert Burns’s poetry?
1.Burns ... in creating a book of old Scottish folksongs, writing words for many melodies.
had, was, took part
2.Bruce ... the English army and later became King
of Scotland.
died, defeated, sang
3.Robert ... his mother’s songs and stories all his
life.
remembered, wrote, discussed
4.Robert learned to love and ... people from his
father.
spend, respect, write
5.They ... moral, social and political problems of
that time.
liked, were, discussed
6.His poetry ... and loved by people in many countries on the world.
is known, was published, moved
Translate from Russian into English.
1.Роберт Бернс много путешествовал по Шотландии, собирая популярные песни.
2.Книга была высоко оценена критиками.
3.Роберт был самым старшим из семи детей.
4.Его отец хотел, чтобы он был образованным
человеком.
5.Они обсуждали моральные, социальные и
политические проблемы того времени.
6.Роберт помнил песни и рассказы мамы всю
свою жизнь.
7.Роберта больше интересовала романтическая поэзия, чем работа на ферме.
Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text.
1.His favourite writer ... .
2.He spent his youth ... .
3.Burns took part in creating ... .
4.The heroes of his mother’s stories ... .
5.Robert remembered ... .
6.His beautiful poem My Heart’s in the Highlands
is ... .
7.His poetry is known and ... .
8.This made him ... .
9.So Robert learned to love and ... .
10.They discussed moral ... .
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