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THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 41
Helen: In the countryside. My Granny lives in the
village and I want to visit her.
Clim: Is it far away from the city?
Helen: No, it isn’t. It usually takes us three hours
to get there. I’m looking forward to our trip.
Clim: You are lucky! What are you going to do
there?
Helen: Oh, I’m sure, it’ll be great. We’ll celebrate
Maslenitsa there.
Clim: Oh, how interesting. I’ve never celebrated
Maslenitsa in the village. Usually my mother
cooks pancakes at home.
Seasons in Russia
Helen: As for us, my parents usualy invite their
friends and relatives and we eat pancakes
with honey, sour cream, jam and what not.
Clim: It’s a wonderful tradition. Do you make
fires?
Helen: Yes, of course. After the party we burn
straw scarecrows of winter, sing songs and
dance.
Clim: I see you have a lot of fun in the village.
It’s my dream to take part in such a celebration.
Helen: OK. Will you join us?
Clim: Thanks. That’s a good idea.
Whether the weather is hot
Whether you like it or not
You put up with the weather
Whatever the weather.
There are four seasons in a year. They are winter, spring, summer and autumn. Every season is
beautiful in its own way. There are three months
in each season. December, January and February
are winter months. March, April and May are
spring months. Summer months are June, July
and August. Then autumn months come: September, October and November.
Winter is the coldest season of the year. In
winter the sun sets early and rises late. The days
are short and the nights are long. There is much
snow in winter. The rivers and lakes are frozen
over. Everything is covered with snow. It is
a beautiful season when nature is sleeping under
a clean soft blanket of white snow. But sometimes
it is very cold, about 25–30 degrees below zero. It
isn’t very pleasant to go out in such weather. Winter is a wonderful season for sports. Some people
go in for skating and skiing. Children enjoy playing snowballs and making snowmen.
Many people think that the most pleasant season is spring. Spring is the season of hope, happiness and love. In spring nature awakens from
its long winter sleep. The days become longer
and the nights become shorter. It grows warmer.
The ice melts, the grass is beginning to shoot, the
trees are bursting into leaf. The ground is covered with green grass and the first flowers. The
air is fresh, the sky is blue and cloudless. The sun
shines brightly. Birds come back from the warm
lands. They begin to build their nests, lay and
hatch their eggs and twitter in the trees.
It often rains in spring, especially in April. People say: “April showers bring May flowers.” In May
the trees are in full blossom. The nightingales
sing their lovely songs in the parks. The days are
warm and everything is full of life and joy.
Summer is the hottest season. The sun rises
earlier and earlier and sets later and later. The
weather is usually fine, the sky is blue, clear and
cloudless. The sun shines brightly in the sky.
Sometimes it can be very hot, especially in July. If
the heat gets too oppressive, we can bathe in rivers and lakes, or go to the seaside. People try to
get away from the city and spend more time in
the open air. Sometimes there are storms with
thunder and lightning. But the rains are usually
warm.
Summer is the favourite season of many people. We can swim, lie in the sun, go fishing and
boating in summer.
There are a lot of fruit, berries and vegetables
in summer. We can pick up mushrooms and berries in the forest. Schoolchildren have their longest holidays and most people prefer to have their
holidays in summer.
42 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Autumn is a rainy season. The days become
shorter and the nights become longer. The leaves
turn yellow, red and brown and fall to the
ground. The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
Most birds fly away to warm countries. There is
a spell of fine weather in September when the
sky is clear and the nature is full of bright colours. The trees are golden. This spell is called
Indian Summer.
Vocabulary
to set [set] — садиться, заходить (о солнце)
to rise [raIz] — вставать, подниматься (о
солнце)
to freeze [fri:z] (froze, frozen) — замерзать,
покрываться льдом
to cover ['kEvA] — покрывать
nature ['neItSA] — природа
soft [sDft] — мягкий
blanket ['blBNkIt] — oдеяло
pleasant ['pleznt] — приятный
hope [hAup] — надежда
happiness — счастье
to awaken [A'weIkAn] — пробуждаться, про-
сыпаться
to shoot [Su:t] — распускаться (о почках
деревьев)
to burst [bA:st] — распускаться, покрываться
coudless ['klaudlIs] — безоблачный
nest — гнездо
to lay [leI] (laid, laid) — класть
to hatch [hBtS] — высиживать
It is a beautiful and tasty season. It is the season of harvesting. There are a lot of fruit, vegetables, berries in the gardens and mushrooms in
the forests. But it gradually gets colder and colder.
The sun loses its force. It often rains in October
and November. The rains are very cold. It makes
autumn an unpleasant season.
But every season has its own charm and is good
in its own way.
to twitter ['twItA] — щебетать
shower ['SauA] — ливень
blossom ['blDsAm] — цветение
nightingale ['naItINMeIl] — соловей
joy [dZDI] — радость, веселье
heat [hi:t] — жара
oppressive [A'presIv] — знойная (погода)
to bathe [beIG] — купаться
storm [stD:m] — гроза, ураган
thunder ['FEndA] — гром
lighning ['laItnIN] — молния
to lie [laI] in the sun — загорать
to turn [tA:n] — превращаться, изменяться
to fall [fD:l] (fell, fallen) — падать
spell [spel] — короткий промежуток времени
harvest ['hC:vIst] — урожай
gradually ['MrBdjuAlI] — постепенно
to lose [lu:z] (lost, lost) — терять
force [fD:s] — сила
charm [tSC:m] — обаяние
Answer the questions.
1.How many seasons are there in a year? What
are they?
2.How many winter months are there in our country? What are they?
3.What are the spring months in our country?
4.How many summer months are there in Russia? What are they?
5.What are the autumn months in Russia?
6.When does winter begin in our country? What
is the first winter months?
7.Does it often snow in Russia in winter?
8.Do you like to play snowballs or to make snowman when there is much snow outside?
9.What kind of sports do you like to go in for
when it isn’t very cold in winter?
10.What holidays do we celebrate in winter? The
New Year is your favourite holiday, isn’t it?
11.Some people say that spring is the most pleasant season. Why?
12.When does spring come to our country? What
is the first spring month?
13.Why do we say that nature awakens from its
long winter sleep in spring?
14.Does it often rain in spring? Is the rain cold or
warm in spring?
15.When are the trees usually in full blossom in
spring?
16.What birds can you listen to and see in the parks
in spring?
17.What is the hottest season of the year?
18.When does summer begin in Russia?
19.What is your favourite weather like in summer?
Do you like it when the heat gets too oppressive? Why/Why not?
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 43
20.What do you like to do when the weather is
fine in the country?
21.What is the rainy season of the year?
22.What is the first autumn month in Russia?
23.Where do most birds fly away in autumn?
24.What do we call the spell of autumn when the
weather is very nice and warm?
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Don: What is the weather like today?
Carol: It’s a beautiful day. The sun is shining. And
there is a slight breeze.
Don: I’m afraid the weather changes rather of-
ten. A sudden snowfall is quite possible.
Carol: I like cold weather.
Don: Don’t you mind the cold?
Carol: Not at all. I prefer a cold winter to a hot,
muggy summer.
slight — легкий
breeze — ветерок
snowfall — снегопад
Don’t you mind the cold? — Разве вас не пугает холод?
25.Why do we call this season tasty?
26.It often rains in autumn, doesn’t it? Why don’t
we like rain in autumn?
27.In your opinion, does every season have its own
charm? Why?
Don: I can agree with you. After the awful July
we had last year, low temperatures are refreshing.
Carol: Right. Do you remember that the tempera-
ture stayed above thirty degrees for a
week?
Don: Did you listen to the weather forecast?
Carol: Yes, I did. The mild weather will continue,
but it will be overcast.
muggy — влажный
refreshing [rI'freSIN] — освежающий
continue — сохраниться
overcast — пасмурно
Sports in Russia
Sport is as old as the humanity itself. Millions
of people of different ages all over the world are
fond of sports and games. Sport helps people to
become strong and to stay in good shape. It makes
them more organized and disciplined in their daily
activities. It makes for a healthy mind in a healthy
body. Sport helps people to keep in good health.
Many sports are popular in Russia. They are ice
hockey, football (soccer), weight-lifting, track and
field, tennis, basketball, volleyball, boxing, figureskating, cross-country skiing, swimming, judo,
shooting and so on. Sport is divided into professional and amateur in our country. There are many
different professional sport societes and clubs in
Russia. They take part in different international
competitions and are known all over the world.
A great number of world records have been set by
Russian sportmen: gymnasts, weightlifters, tennis
players, swimmers, figure skaters, runners, high
jumpers. Our sportsmen always take part in the
world championships and the Olympic Games and
always win a lot of gold, silver and bronze medals. There are many stadiums in Russia. Numerous matches and competitions are held in our
country. They attract large numbers of fans. Most
of the important games we can watch on TV.
Many people go to the stadiums to support their
favourite team. Some people prefer to watch the
games on TV.
There are a lot of amateur clubs and keep-fit
centres in Russia. There people can do aerobics,
yoga, body-building, swimming, skating, jogging.
Many people don’t plan to make a career in sport.
But regular exercise makes you feel and look
better. It is very important to do morning exercises every day. We all need to exercise. You can
choose sports and games for any season for
any taste.
44 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Vocabulary
humanity [hju:'mBnItI] — человечество
age [eIdZ] — возраст
strong — сильный
shape [SeIp] — форма
to organize ['D:MAnaIz] — организовывать
discipline ['dIsIplIn] — дисциплина
activity — деятельность
mind [maId] — дух, разум, ум
soccer ['sDkA] — футбол (амер.)
weight-lifting [weIt 'lIftIN]
track [trBk] and field — легкая атлетика
figure-skating — фигурное катание
judo ['dZudAu] — дзюдо
shooting ['Su:tIN] — стрельба
to divide [dI'vaId] — разделять
Answer the questions.
1.Are you fond of sports?
2.In your opinion, why do people go in for
sports?
3.What sports are popular in Russia?
4.What two parts is all sport devided into in our
country?
5.What professional sport societes and clubs do
you know in Russia?
6.Do they take part in different international competitions?
7.What main international competitions do you
know?
8.Do our sportsmen usually win medals there?
9.Are you a fan of any team? What team are you
a fan of?
amateur ['BmAtA] — любительский
society [sA'saIAtI] — общество
to set (set, set) — ставить, устанавливать
gymnast ['dZImnBst] — гимнаст
numerous ['nju:mArAs] — многочисленный
to hold [hAuld] (held, held) — проводить
to attract — привлекать
to support [sA'pD:t] — поддерживать
to keep fit — поддерживать хорошую форму
aerobics ['LArAubIks] — аэробика
career [kA'rIA] — карьера
regular ['reMjulA] — регулярный
to need — нуждаться
taste [teIst] — вкус
10.Do you prefer to watch a match on TV or to go
to the stadium to support your favourite team?
11.Do you go in for sports? What sports do you go
in for?
12.Have you ever taken part in competitions?
13.What competitions have you taken part in?
14.Where did these competitions take place?
15.Do you want to make a career in sport? Why?
16.Is there an amateur club or a keep-fit centre
not far from your house? Have you ever been
there?
17.Do you agree that we all need to exercise?
18.Do you do your morning exercises every day?
19.In your opinion, do regular exercises make you
feel and look better? Can you prove it?
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Philip: Hi! I haven’t seen you for ages. How have
you been?
Sasha: Just fine, thanks, and you?
Philip: I’m fine, too. Where are you going?
Sasha: To the stadium.
Philip: Who is playing today?
Sasha: Zenit — Spartak. Let’s go together. I think it
will be a very exciting game.
Philip: OK. As far as I remember, you are a fan of
Zenit. I’d like to know more about our team.
Can you help me?
Sasha: Yes, I can.
Philip: Who is the coach of Zenit now?
Sasha: Dick Advocaat.
Philip: When was Zenit organized?
Sasha: As far as I know, it was before the Second
World Wa r.
Philip: Has Zenit ever been the champion of our
coun try?
Sasha: Yes, it was in 1984 and 2007. If you want
I’ll give yousome articles from the newspapers and you’ll be able to learn a lot about
the history of this team.
Sasha: OK.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 45
Mikhael Lomonosov
Mikhael Lomonosov was a great Russian scien-
tist, a poet, the founder of Russian literature.
Lomonosov was born on the 19
th
of November
in 1711 in Kholmogory settlement near the city
of Arkhangelsk. His father was a poor fisherman.
Young Mikhael liked to spend his time fishing
with his father. He began to read himself when
he was a little boy. He always strove for knowledge. When he was 19 years old, he decided to
study in Moscow. He left his native village, penniless and on foot, for Moscow. He decided to
enter the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. In 1736
after his graduation from the Academy he was
sent abroad to complete his education in chemistry and mining. Lomonosov left Russia for Germany to study at the University of Marburg and
later in Freiberg. He studied Western philosophy
and science, the technologies of mining, metallurgy and glassmaking.
In 1741 he returned to St. Petersburg. In 1745
Lomonosov became the first Russian professor of
chemistry. He translated scientific works into
Russian and wrote in Latin such important works
as “Cause of Heat and Cold,” “Elastic Force of
Air” and “Theory of Electricity.” He wrote works
on physics, astronomy, geography and history.
Besides scientific works, Lomonosov wrote poems. He is the author of the first scientific grammar of the Russian language.
Lomonosov founded a factory producing coloured glass. He created some mosaics using the
glass produced at the factory. He wrote several
works on voyages and navigation in the Northern Seas. His scientific works were known abroad. Lomonosov was a member of the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences and of that of Bologna.
Lomonosov was the founder of the first Russian University in Moscow. Moscow State University was named after Lomonosov and still carries his name. He did a lot for the development of
Moscow State University.
After the empress Elizabeth’s death in 1762 he
suffered persecutions. It exhausted him physically
and he died in 1765.
The empress Catherine the Great had Lomonosov buried with great ceremony, but she confiscated all the notes in which the great humanitarian ideas he had developed were outlined.
But he is still known as the father of Russian
science and the first great Russian linguistic reformer.
Names
Mikhael Lomonosov — Михаил Ломоносов
Arkhangelsk [Er'hC:nMAlsk] — г. Архангельск
Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy — Славяно-Греко-Латинская Академия
Marburg — Марбург
Freiberg — Фрайберг
“Cause of Heat and Cold” — «О причинах тепла и холода»
“Elastic Force of Air” — «Об упругости воздуха»
“Theory of Electricity” — «Теория электричества»
the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences — Шведская королевская академия наук
Bologna — Болонья
Vocabulary
founder ['faundA] — основатель
settlement ['setlmAnt] — поселение
to strive [straIv] (strove, striven) — ста-
раться, прилагать усилия
penniless ['penIlIs] — без гроша в кармане
to enter ['entA] — поступать
graduation [,MrBdju'eISAn] — окончание
(учебного заведения)
abroad [A'brD:d] — за границей
to complete [kAm'pli:t] — заканчивать, за-
вершать
mining ['maInIN] — горное дело
46 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Vocabulary
metallurgy [me'tBlAdZI] — металлургия
glassmaking ['MlC:smeIkIN] — производство
стекла
to return [rI'tA:n] — возвращаться
chemistry ['kemIstrI] — химия
physics ['fIzIks] — физика
astronomy [As'trDnAmI] — астрономия
geography [dZI'DMrAfI] — география
author ['D:FA] — автор
to produce [prA'dju:s] — производить
to create [kri:'eIt] — создавать
navigation [,nBvI'MeISAn] — судоходство
to name [neIm] — называть
to carry ['kBrI] — носить
development [dI'velApmAnt] — развитие
Answer the questions.
1.When and where was Mikhael Lomonosov
born?
2.What was his father?
3.What did young Mikhael like to do?
4.When did he begin to read?
5.Where did he decide to study when he was 19
years old?
6.How did Mikhael leave his native village for
Moscow?
7.Where did Mikhael decide to study in Moscow?
8.Where was he sent after his graduation from
the Academy? What for?
9.Where abroad did he study?
10.What did Lomonosov study there?
empress ['emprIs] — императрица
death [deF] — смерть
to suffer ['sEfA] — страдать
persecution [,pA:sI'kju:SAn] — преследование,
гонение
to exhaust [IM'zD:st] — истощать, изнурять
physically ['fIzIkAlI] — физически
to bury ['berI] — хоронить
to confiscate ['kDnfIskeIt] — конфисковать
note [nAut] — заметка, запись
to outline ['autlaIn] — обрисовывать, сделать
набросок
humanitarian [hju:,mBnI'tLArIAn] —гумани-
тарный, гуманный
linguistic [lIN'MwIstIk] — лингвистический
11.When did he return to St. Petersburg?
12.When did Mikhael Lomonosov become the professor of chemistry?
13.What works did he write?
14.What did Lomonosov write besides scientific
works?
15.What factory did he found?
16.Were his scientific works known abroad?
17.Why was Moscow State University named after
Lomonosov?
18.When did Lomonosov die?
19.What did the empress Catherine the Great do
after Lomonosov’s death?
Read the first part of the sentence in A and find the second part in B.
АB
1.In 1745 Lomonosov became ...
2.Lomonosov began to read himself when ...
3.After the empress Elizabeth’s death in 1762 ...
4.Lomonosov founded a factory ...
5.Lomonosov is still known as the father of Russian science and ...
6.He wrote works on ...
7.In 1736 after his graduation from Academy ...
... the first great Russian linguistic reformer.
... he was sent abroad to complete his education in
chemistry and mining.
... the first Russian professor of chemistry.
... physics, astronomy, geography and hystory.
... he was a little boy.
... producing coloured glass.
... he suffered persecutions.
Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text.
1.Lomonosov was the founder ... .
2.Lomonosov left Russia for Germany ... .
3.Lomonosov was born ... .
4.When he was 19 years old ... .
5.Moscow State University was named after ... .
6.He wrote several works on ... .
7.He studied Western philosophy and science ... .
8.He is the author of the first ... .
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 47
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.Lomonosov is still known as the father of Russian science and the first great Russian ... reformer.
2.His scientific works were known ... .
3.It exhausted him ... and he died in 1765.
4.He left his native village, ... and on foot, for
Moscow.
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
created, did, returned, suffered, translated, decided, strove
1.In 1741 Lomonosov ... to St. Petersburg.
2.He ... to enter the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
3.Mikhael Lomonosov always ... for knowledge.
4.Lomonosov ... a lot for the development of Moscow State University.
Choose the correct item.
1.Moscow State University ... after Lomonosov.
created, was named, became
2.Young Mikhael ... to spend his time fishing with
his father.
was, left, liked
3.In 1736 after his graduation from the Academy
he ... abroad to complete his education in chemistry and mining.
was sent, wrote, decided
5.Mikhael Lomonosov is a great Russian scientist, a poet, ... of Russian literature.
6.The empress Catherine the Great confiscated
all the notes in which the great ... ideas he had
developed were outlined.
7.Lomonosov became the first Russian professor
of ...
5.He ... some mosaics using the glass produced
at the factory.
6.Lomonosov ... scientific works into Russian and
wrote in Latin.
7.After the empress Elizabeth’s death in 1762 he
... persecutions.
4.Besides scientific works Lomonosov ... poems
as well.
worked, left, wrote
5.Lomonosov ... a member of the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences and of that of Bologna.
was, is known, founded
6.Lomonosov ... to study in Moscow when he was
19 years old.
worked, decided, was
Find in the text the historical event corresponding to the date.
1.1745
2.1711
3. 1765
4. 1736
5. 1741
Translate from Russian into English.
1.Ломоносов написал работы по физике, астрономии, географии и истории.
2.Ломоносов основал фабрику, выпускающую
цветное стекло.
3.Ломоносов сделал очень много для развития Московского государственного университета.
4.Ломоносов — великий русский ученый, поэт,
основатель русской литературы.
5.Ломоносов стал первым русским профессором химии.
6.Ломоносов основал первый российский университет в Москве.
48 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Liz: Well, Olga, I hear that your cousin has
come to Moscow. How is he getting on?
Did he enter the University?
Olga: Fine, just fine. He is a student now.
Liz: Oh, where does he study?
Olga: At Moscow University! He studies chemi-
stry.
Liz: As far as I remember, Boris is from Arkhan-
gelsk, like the great Lomonosov, isn’t he?
Olga: Why Lomonosov?
Liz: I think you know that Lomonosov was born
in Kholmogory settlement near the city Arkhangelsk. What about Boris? What else is
he interested in?
Olga: Boris is keen on chemistry. He spends all
his time in labs and libraries.
Liz: It’s great! If I’m not mistaken Lomonosov
became the first Russian professor of chemistry when he was 30.
Olga: Exactly. He studied philosophy and science,
the technologies of mining, metallurgy,
glass making and what not. Boris finds time
for everything, too.
Liz: Is he interested in art?
Olga: Oh, yes, he is. Boris is fond of theatre, muse-
ums and various exhibitions.
Liz: It seems to me that your cousin’ll have a
great future.
Olga: Right you are.
Liz: You are lucky to have such a cousin. I’d like
to meet him and speak to him.
Olga: OK. Come to see us some day.
Liz: Yes, OK, thanks. All the best. See you later.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 49
The United Kingdom
50 __________________________________________________________ THE UNITED KINGDOM
The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland is the official name of the British Kingdom. It is situated on the British Isles.
The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great
Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small
islands. Their total area is over 244,000 square
kilometres. Many years ago the British Isles
formed a part of the continent. Now Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the North Sea. The narrowest
part of the English Channel is called the Strait of
Dover.
The UK is made up of four countries. They are
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and
Belfast. The capital of the UK is London. Great
Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales
and does not include Northern Ireland.
The UK is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in
the north and the North Sea in the east. The two
islands are separated by the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much.
The north of Scotland is mountainous. It’s called
the Highlands. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). The south of Scotland
has beautiful valleys and plains. It is called the
Lowlands.
Scotland is a land of famous lakes. They are
called “lochs” there. The beautiful Loch Lomond
is the largest one. Loch Ness attracts millions of
tourists for its legendary monster.
The north and west of England are mountainous. Mountains aren’t very high. The east, centre
and south-east of England is a vast plain.
There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but
they aren’t very long. The largest of them are the
Severn (350 km), the Clyde, the Mersey, the
Thames (346 km), the Trent (274 km) and the
Ouse. The Thames is the deepest river. London
stands on the Thames.
The climate of Great Britain is temperate and
mild. The warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles.
The population of the UK is over 57 million
people.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is the largest producer and exporter of
machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of
the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a parliamentary democracy with a
constitutional monarch. The Queen is Head of
State, but she has no power. The Queen is a symbol of the country’s history and its traditions. The
real power in the country belongs to the British
Parliament and to the British Government.
The British Parliament has two “houses”. They
are the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords can offer and change
laws. It can delay laws. The House of Commons
makes laws about the policy of the country, taxes
and many other things.
The members of the House of Lords aren’t
elected. These members are permanent. The members of the House of Commons are elected. The
British people elect 650 members of the House of
Commons every five years.
There are three main political parties in Great
Britain. They are the Labour, the Conservative
and the Liberal parties.
The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack.
It is made up of three crosses: the cross of St.
George (the patron saint of England), the cross
of St. Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and
the cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland).
Names
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland ['nD:GAn 'aIAlAnd] — Со-
единенное Королевство Великобритании
и Северной Ирландии
the British Isles [aIlz] — Британские острова
the English Channel [tSBnl] — Английский
канал
the Strait of Dover ['streIt Av 'dAuvA] — Дувр-
ский пролив
the North Sea — Северное море
Cardiff ['kC:dIf] — Кардифф
Edinburgh ['edInbArA] — Эдинбург
Belfast [bel'fC:st] — Белфаст
the Atlantic Ocean [A'tlBntIk AuSn] — Атлан-
тический океан
the Irish ['aIArIS] Sea — Ирландское море
Highlands ['haIlAndz] — Хайленд (высокогор-
ная область Шотландии)
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