Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для школьников и абитуриентов топики, упражнения, диалоги
.pdf
OTHER COUNTRIES _____________________________________________________________ 121
Vocabulary
the rest — остальные, другие
uninhabited ['EnIn'hBbItId] — необитаемый
thinly ['FInlI] — малочисленно
severe [sI'vIA] — суровый
condition — условие
province ['prDvIns] — провинция
per cent [pA'sent] — процент
ancestry ['BnsIstrI] — предки
to receive [rI'si:v] — получать
Answer the questions.
1.What country has a greater land area than
Canada?
2.Where is Canada situated?
3.Where did the first people come from? How
did they come? What people are their descendants?
4.What people came to Alaska about 5,000 years
ago?
5.Whose discovery led to the European exploration of Canada? When was it? What was this
man?
6.When and where did France set up a colony?
7.When did the British emigrants come to Canada?
8.When did the French and English-speaking
Canadians create a united colony? What did
they call this colony?
major ['meIdZA] — больший, главный
producer [prA'dju:sA] — производитель
wheat [wi:t] — пшеница
oat [Aut] — овес
barley ['bC:lI] — ячмень
to rank [rBNk] — занимать какое-либо место
top [tDp] — самый главный
to manufacture [,mBnju'fBktSA] — производить
9.When did Canada gain its independence from
Britain?
10.When was Queen Elizabeth II of the United
Kindom recognized as the Queen of Canada?
11.What is the population of Canada?
12.Why is a large part of Canada uninhabited or
thinly populated?
13.How many provinces and territories are there
in Canada?
14.How many official languages are there in
Canada? What are they?
15.How many French Canadians live in the country? What province do the most of them live in?
16.What is the capital of Canada?
17.What largest cities in Canada do you know?
18.Canada is a leading producer in the world, isn’t
it? What does the country produce?
Match the two parts of the sentences.
1.Canada is a federation of ...
2.The population of Canada is ...
3.The capital of Canada is ...
4.Canada is situated in ...
5.In 1867, the French and English-speaking Canadians created ...
6.In 1497 John Cabot found ...
7.Ottawa is ...
8.Today Canada is ...
9.Canada gained its independence from Britain ...
... the capital of Canada.
... 1931.
... a united colony called the Dominion of Canada.
... 10 provinces and 2 territories.
... North America.
... about 28 million.
... rich fishing grounds off Canada’s south east
coast.
... Ottawa.
... one of the most highly developed countries.
122 _____________________________________________________________ OTHER COUNTRIES
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.About 80% of the population live within 320
km of the southern ... .
2.About 57 per cent of all Canadians have some
English ... and about 32 per cent have some
French ... .
3.Many of them believe that their province should
receive a special ... in the Canadian constitution.
4.Canada ranks among the world ... manufacturing countries.
5.He was an Italian ... in the service of England.
6.Their ... are known today as Indians.
7.In 1497 John Cabot found ... off Canada’s
south-east coast.
8.Canada is ... producer of electric power.
Find in the text the historical event corresponding to the date.
1.1763
2.15,000 years ago
3.1982
4.1497
5.1867
6.1600
7.5,000 years ago
8.1931
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
have kept, gained, believe, led, ranks, live, is uninhabited, was recognized
1.Canada ... its independence from Britain in
1931.
2.Much of the rest ... or thinly populated because
of severe natural conditions.
3.Many of them ... that their province should
receive a special recognition in the Canadian
constitution.
4.They ... the language and customs of their ancestors.
5.His discovery ... to the European exploration of
Canada.
6.Most French Canadians ... in the provinces of
Quebec.
7.Canada ... among the world’s top manufacturing countries.
8.According to the Constitution Act of 1982 the
British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the UK,
... as the Queen of Canada.
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Ann: Hello, Ted. Nice to see you. Come on in.
Ted: Thanks. How are you doing?
Ann: Very well, thank you. And you?
Ted: Oh, can’t complain.
Ann: I hear that you’ve come from Canada
lately, haven’t you?
Ted: Yes, that’s right. Two days ago.
Ann: Did you have a good flight?
Ted: Oh, yes, very nice, thank you.
Ann: Did you travel about Canada?
Ted: No, I didn’t. I only visited my friend in
Banff.
Ann: Oh, yes. If I’m not mistaken it’s your pen-
friend Cathy, isn’t it?
Ted: Yes, you are absolutely right. Cathy invited
me to visit Canada last year.
OTHER COUNTRIES _____________________________________________________________ 123
Ann: Did you stay at a hotel or at Cathy’s place?
Ted: Cathy’s family has got their own house in
Banff and I stayed there. I had a most enjoyable time in their house. They were very
hospitable.
Ann: By the way, Canadians speak two lan-
guages, don’t they?
Ted: Yes, right you are. In fact, there are two of-
Australia
Australia is the only country in the world that
is also a continent. It is the sixth largest country
and the smallest continent. Australia lies between
the South Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. It
is situated about 11,000 km south-west of North
America and about 8,200 km southeast of mainland Asia.
The east coast of Australia was discovered by
Captain Cook in 1770. The name of the country
comes from the Latin word “australis” which
means southern. The Commonwealth of Australia
is the official name of the country. The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation of states. Australia has six states. They are New South Wales,
Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria
and Western Australia. Each state has its own government. There are two territories in Australia.
ficial languages in Canada. They are French
and English.
Ann: And what about your English? Did you have
any difficulties?
Ted: No, none at all.
Ann: Well, did you like there?
Ted: It was fantastic!
Ann: You are lucky.
They are the Australian Capital Territory and the
Northern Territory.
Australia is a constitutional monarchy like Great
Britain. Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of Australia and the head of state. But she serves mainly
as a symbol of long historical ties between Great
Britain and Australia. The nation is administered
under written constitution. Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The capital of the country is Canberra. Australia is one of the world’s most developed countries. It is the world’s leading producer of wool
and bauxite. Bauxite is the ore from which aluminium is made. Australia produces and exports
large amounts of minerals and farm goods. Income from the export enables Australians to have
high standard of living.
Names
Australia [Ds'treIljA] — Австралия
the Pacific Ocean [pA'sIfIk 'AuSn] — Тихий Океан
the Indian Ocean ['IndjAn 'AuSn] — Индийский Океан
Asia ['eISA] — Азия
Commonealth of Australia — Содружество наций Австралии
New South Wales — штат Новый Южный Уэльс
Queensland — штат Квинслэнд
South Australia — штат Южная Австралия
Tasmania — штат Тасмания
Victoria — штат Виктория
Western Australia — штат Западная Австралия
Canberra ['kBnbArA] — г. Канберра
124 _____________________________________________________________ OTHER COUNTRIES
Vocabulary
to lie [lCI] — лежать, располагаться
mainland ['meInlAnd] — материк
southern ['sEGAn] — южный
official [A'fISAl] — официальный
government ['MEvnmAnt] — правительство
monarchy ['mDnAkI] — монархия
to serve [sA:v] — служить
mainly ['meInlI] — главным образом
tie [tCI] — связь
to administer [Ad'mInIstA] — управлять
to develop — развивать(cя)
producer [prA'djusA] — производитель
Answer the questions.
1.Where does Australia lie?
2.Where does the name “Australia” come from?
What does this name mean?
3.What is the official name of the country?
4.The Commonwealth of Australia is a federation
of states, isn’t it? How many states are there in
Australia? What are they?
wool [wul] — шерсть
bauxite ['bD:ksCIt] — боксит, алюминиевая
руда
ore [D:] — руда
aluminium [Blju'mInjAm] — алюминий
export ['ekspD:t] — экспорт, вывоз
to export [eks'pD:t] — экспортировать, вы-
возить
amount [A'mCunt] — количество
farm goods — сельскохозяйственные про-
дукты
income ['InkAm] — доход
to enable [I'neIbl] — давать возможность
5.How many territories are there in Australia?
What are they?
6.Who is the country ruled by? Who is the head
of state?
7.What is the capital of Australia?
8.Australians have high standard of living, don’t
they? Why? What does Australia produce and
export?
Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text.
1.Queen Elizabeth II is ...
2.Australia is a member of ...
3.Australia has six states. They are ...
4.The name of the country comes from ...
5.Australia lies between ...
6.The capital of the country is ...
7.Australia produces and exports ...
8.There are two territories in Australia. They are
...
9.The nation is administered under ...
10.Australia is the only country in the world
that ...
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.Australia is a constitutional ... like Great Britain.
2.It is the world’s leading producer of ... and ... .
3.The name of the country comes from Latin word
“australis” which means ... .
4.Each state has its own ... .
5.The Commonwealth of Australia is ... name of
the country.
6.... is the ore from which ... is made.
7.The east ... of Australia was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770.
OTHER COUNTRIES _____________________________________________________________ 125
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
produces, lies, enables, exports, comes, is, serves, is situated, means
1.But she ... mainly as a symbol of long historical
ties between Great Britain and Australia.
2.Income from the export ... Australia to have
high standard of living.
3.Australia ... about 11,000 km southwest of
North America and about 8,200 km southeast
of mainland Asia.
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Mike: I’m sorry. Where are you from?
Jim: I’m from Australia.
Mike: Australia! That’s very nice. I’ve never met
Australians before.
Jim: And this is my first visit to Russia. I like
your country very much.
Mike: Thank you. By the way, I’m going to Aus-
tralia next holidays. I’d like to tell you that
you speak Russian very well. I took you for
a Russian — you speak without any accent.
Jim: Thank you. My parents are from Russia.
Mike: What are they doing in Australia?
Jim: They are farmers.
Mike: I’m sorry, but I’m very interested in living
in Australia. Can I ask you several questions?
Jim: OK.
4.Australia ... between the south Pacific Ocean
and the Indian Ocean.
5.Australia ... and ... large amounts of minerals
and farm goods.
6.Australia ... one of the word’s developed countries.
7.The name of the country ... from Latin word
“australis” which ... southern.
Mike: Australia is a young country, isn’t it?
Jim: Yes, absolutely. It was discovered by Cap-
tain Cook in 1770.And first Australia was
used as a colony for convicts.
Mike: If I’m not mistaken, Queen Elizabeth II is
the head of the country, isn’t she?
Jim: Yes, you are quite right. But she serves
mainly as a symbol of the long historical ties
between Great Britain and Australia.
Mike: Can you tell me the history of the name of
the country?
Jim: Well, it’s as easy as ABC. It comes from
the Latin word “australis” which means southern.
Mike: It’s my dream to visit this country and the
smallest continent in the world.
Jim: OK. You are wellcome.
126 _____________________________________________________________ OTHER COUNTRIES
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the southwest Pacific Ocean. It lies about 1,600 km southeast of Australia and about 1,600 km southwest
of California. New Zealand belongs to a large
island group called Polynesia. The country is situated on two main islands and several small islands. The main islands are the North Island and
the South Island.
The capital of the country is Wellington. The largest city of the country is Auckland. The official language of the country is English. Most aborigines
speak English and their own language, Maori.
The country belonged to the British empire.
Now it is an independent country. New Zealand
is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy. The
British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the United
Kingdom, is the monarch of New Zealand. But
she has no power. The real power in the country
Names
belongs to the legislation, the prime minister and
the Cabinet. But the nation has no written constitution.
Maoris were the first people who settled in New
Zealand. They were brown skinned. They came
from Polynesian islands located northeast of New
Zealand. The country was discovered by Europeans in 1642.But they didn’t start to settle in the
islands until the late 1700’s. Today, most New
Zealanders are descendants of the early European
settlers. About 12 per cent of the country’s population are Maoris.
New Zealand has one of the highest standards
of living in the world. About 70 per cent of New
Zealand people have their own houses. Almost
every family has a car. New Zealand is one of the
world’s developed countries. The main industries
of the country are agriculture, manufacturing and
service industries.
New Zealand — Новая Зеландия
Wellington — Веллингтон
the Pacific Ocean [pA'sIfIk 'AuSn] — Тихий океан
Australia [Ds'treIljA] — Австралия
California [,kBlI'fD:njA] — Калифорния
Polynesia [,pDlI'ni:zjA] — Полинезия
Maori ['mCurI] — Маори
the United Kingdom [ju:'nCItId 'kINdAm] — Соединенное Королевство
European [,juArA'pi:An] — европеец
the Commonwealth ['kDmAnwelF] of Nations — Содружество наций
Auckland ['D:klAnd] — г. Окленд
Vocabulary
island ['CIlAnd] — остров
to lie [lCI] — лежать, располагаться
aborigines [,BbA'rIdZInI:z] — коренное насе-
ление
to belong to — принадлежать
empire ['empCIA] — империя
monarchy ['mDnAkI] — монархия
monarch ['mDnAk] — монарх
power ['pCuA] — сила
legislation [,ledZIs'leISAn] — законодательство
prime minister [prCIm'mInIstA] — премьер-
министр
to settle — поселиться
brown skinned — темнокожий
until [An'tIl] — до
descendant [dI'sendAnt] — потомок
per cent [pA'sent] — процент
population [,pDpju'leISAn] — население
to develop — развивать(cя)
agriculture ['BMrIkEltSA] — сельское хозяйство
manufacturing [,mBnju'fBktSArIN] — произ-
водство
service industry ['sA:vIs 'IndEstrI] — сфера
обслуживания
OTHER COUNTRIES _____________________________________________________________ 127
Answer the questions.
1.Where does New Zealand lie?
2.What island group does New Zealand belong to?
3.What are the main islands of New Zealand?
4.What is the capital of the country?
5.What is the largest city of New Zealand?
6.What is the official language of the country?
7.Now New Zealand is an independent country,
isn’t it? What country did New Zealand belong
to before?
8.Who rules the country now?
Match the two parts of the sentences.
1.The official language of the country is ...
2.Maoris were ...
3.New Zealand is a member of ...
4.The real power in the country belongs to ...
5.The country belonged to ...
6.The capital of the country is ...
7.About 12 per cent of the country’s population
are ...
8.The country is situated ...
9.The country was discovered ...
10.New Zealand lies ...
9.Who does the real power in New Zealand belong to?
10.Does the nation have a written constitution?
11.What do you know about Maoris? Where did
they come from?
12.When was New Zealand discovered by Europeans?
13.When did Europeans start to settle in the islands?
14.How much of the country’s population are
Maoris?
15.New Zealand is one of the world’s developed
countries, isn’t it? Prove it.
... Maoris.
... about 1,600 km southeast of Australia and about
10,500 km southwest of California.
... Wellington.
... English.
... by Europeans in 1642.
... the first people who settled in New Zealand.
... on two main islands and several small islands.
... the Commonwealth of Nations.
... the British empire.
... the legislation, the prime minister and the Cabinet.
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.They were ... .
2.Today, most New Zealanders are ... of the early
European ... .
3.Most aborigines speak English and their own
language ... .
4.The main industries of the country are ..., ...
and ... .
5.New Zealand is a constitutional ... .
6.But she has no ... .
7.New Zealand has one of the highest ... of living
in the world.
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
didn’t start, came, lies, belonged, belongs, is, was discovered
1.The country ... by Europeans in 1642.
2.New Zealand ... about 1,600 km southeast of
Australia and about 10,500 km southwest of
California.
3.The British Monarch, Queen Elizabeth II of the
United Kingdom, ... the monarch of New Zealand.
4.They ... from Polynesian islands located northeast of New Zealand.
5.New Zealand ... to the British empire.
6.New Zealand ... to a large island group called
Polynesia.
7.Europeans ... to settle in the islands until the
late 1700’s.
128 _____________________________________________________________ OTHER COUNTRIES
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Shop assistant: Good afternoon. Can I help you?
Customer: Yes, you can. I’m looking for a
present for my friend.
Shop assistant: What present would you like?
Something usual or unusual?
Customer: I’m not quite sure. I know that she
likes birds.
Shop assistant: What birds does she prefer?
Maybe a parrot or a canary?
Customer: Which would you recomend?
Shop assistant: Well, in my opinion, it’s very good
to have a parrot as a pet, because
you can teach a parrot to speak.
Customer: I’m sorry. What bird is there in the
next cage?
Shop assistant: Oh, it’s a very unusual bird, a kiwi.
Customer: A Kiwi. The bird is called a kiwi,
isn’t it? As for me I know and like
only the kiwi fruit.
Shop assistant: A Kiwi lives only in New Zealand’s
forests.
Customer: Oh, yes. Now I remember the kiwi
is the national emblem of New Zealand.
Shop assistant: Yes, right you are. To tell you the
truth, it’s very easy to take care
of it.
Customer: OK. It sounds good to me.
All around you
130 ______________________________________________________________ ALL AROUND YOU
The English language
English is spoken practically all over the world.
It is a world language. English is spoken by more
than 350 million people. Geographically, it is the
most widespread language on earth. It is nowadays second only to Chinese in the number of
people who speak it.
It is the official language in 44 countries. English is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of
the United States of America, of Australia and
New Zealand. It is one of the official languages
in Canada, the Republic of South Africa, the Irish
Republic, India and Pakistan.
The history of Great Britain helps to understand the present condition of English. English is
a language of the Germanic group. Many English
words were borrowed from the language of Angles and Saxons. Hundreds of French words came
into English. The French language was the official language of the ruling class in Britain for
three centuries. This explains the great number
of French words in English. Many new words were
brought by traders and travellers. These words
came from all parts of the world: “umbrella” —
from Italian, “skates” — from Dutch, “tea” — from
Chinese, “cigar” — from Spanish. Some words
came into English directly from Latin. Latin was
the language of the church and the universities in
the Middle Ages.
Some of the English words of today are derivatives. One way of creating new words is to put
together two or more English words. For example,
the words “railway,” “football,” “newspaper” were
made in this way. Many new scientific English
words have been made from Latin and Greek words
instead of English ones. For example, “telephone”
was made from Greek words “far” and “talk.”
From the British Isles English spread all over
the world. Nowadays English is the language of
progressive science and technology, trade and
cultural relations, commerce and business. It is
the universal language of international aviation,
shipping and sports. It is also the major language
of diplomacy.
Millions of books, magazines and newspapers
are printed in English and read all over the world.
75 per cent of the world’s mail and 60 per cent of
the world’s radio broadcasts are in English. Half
of the world scientific literature is printed in
English.
Nowadays English is the most fashionable language in the world. Millions of people study and
use English as a foreign language. English today
is absolutely necessary for every educated person, for every good specialist.
Names
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland — Соединенное Королевство
Великобритании и Северной Ирландии
the United States [ju'nCItId 'steIts] of America — Соединенные Штаты Америки
Australia [Ds'treIljA] — Австралия
New Zealand ['zi:lAnd] — Новая Зеландия
Canada ['kBnAdA] — Канада
the Republic [re'pEblIk] of South Africa — Южно-Африканская Республика
the Irish Republic ['CIArIS rI'pEblIk] — Ирландская Республика
India ['IndIA] — Индия
Pakistan — Пакистан
Angles [BNMlz] — англы
Saxons ['sBksAnz] — саксы
Italian [I'tBljAn] — итальянский
Dutch [dEtS] — голландский
Chinese ['tSCI'ni:z] — китайский
Spanish ['spBnIS] — испанский
the British Isles [CIlz] — Британские Острова
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]