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THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 31
Vocabulary
commercial [kA'mA:SAl] — торговый, коммер-
ческий
cultural ['kEltSArAl] — культурный
to found [faund] — основывать
fight [faIt] — бой
gradually ['MrBdjuAlI] — постепенно
powerful ['pauAful] — сильный, могущест-
венный
struggle ['strEMl] — борьба
liberation [,lIbA'reISn] — освобождение
Tartar yoke ['tC:tA 'jAuk] — татарское иго
Answer the questions.
1.What is the capital of Russia?
2.When was Moscow founded?
3.Who founded Moscow?
4.What do you know about Yuri Dolgoruky?
5.What city was the capital of Russia before the
th
century?
16
6.What city was the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for the liberation from the Tartar
yoke?
7.When did Moscow become the capital of the
state?
8.When was the capital moved to St. Petersburg?
Who decided to do it?
9.What city of Russia became the main target of
Napoleon’s attack in 1812?
10.What part of Moscow was destroyed by fire during Napoleon’s occupation?
11.When was Moscow completely restored?
to remain [rI'meIn] — оставаться
target ['tC:MIt] — мишень, цель, объект
to destroy [dIs'trDI] — разрушать
occupation [,Dkju'peISn] — оккупация
complety [kAm'pli:tlI] — полностью, целиком
to restore [rIs'tD:] — реставрировать,
восстанавливать
total ['tAutl] — полный, целый, весь
mansion ['mBnSn] — особняк
to blind [blaInd] — ослепить
masterpiece ['mC:stApi:s] — шедевр
12.When did Moscow become the capital again?
13.Where is Moscow situated?
14.What is the total area of modern Moscow?
15.What is the population of Moscow?
16.What is the heart of Moscow?
17.What tower is the symbol of Russia?
18.What old cathedrals and historical monuments
are there on the territory of the Kremlin?
19.When was St. Basil’s Cathedral built?
20.What legend about the creation of St. Basil’s
Cathedral do you know?
21.How many museums are there in Moscow?
22.What are the most famous and largest Moscow
museums?
23.What Moscow theatre is one of the best theatres of the world?
24.Moscow is the centre of political life of Russia,
isn’t it? Why?
Read the first part of the sentence in A and find the second part in B.
АB
1.There is a legend that ...
2.The main Kremlin tower, the Spasskaya Tower,
has become ...
3.The population of the city is ...
4.In 1712 the Russian King, Tsar Peter the Great,
...
5.Kiev was ...
6.Moscow was founded ...
th
7.In the 13
century Moscow was ...
8.In 1918 Moscow became ...
9.Prince Yuri Dolgoruky had ...
... the capital again.
... moved the Russian capital to St. Petersburg.
... Ivan the Terrible blinded the architects Barma
and Postnik, because he didn’t want them to create
another masterpiece.
... many fights with other Russian princes and soon
he became Prince of Kiev.
... the symbol of Russia.
... in 1147 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
... over 8 million.
... the capital of Russia.
... the centre of the struggle of Russian lands for
the liberation from the Tartar yoke.
32 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Agree or disagree.
1.Moscow is situated on the hills.
2.Prince Yuri Dolgoruky was the Russian Prince
of Rome.
3.In 1818 Moscow became the capital again.
4.The largest Moscow museums are the Pushkin
Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov
Gallery.
5.St. Basil’s Cathedral was built in the mid-18
century.
6.The total area of Moscow is about two hundred
square kilometres.
7. St. Petersburg is the seat of the Russian Parliament (the Duma).
8.The Spaskaya Tower has become the symbol of
Russia.
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.Moscow is political, economic, ... and cultural
centre of the country.
2.Moscow became the main ... of Napoleon’s attack.
3.Gradually Moscow became more and more ... .
4.Prince Yuri Dolgoruky had many ... with other
Russian princes and soon he became Prince of
Kiev.
5.Three-quarters of the city was destroyed by fire
during Napoleon’s ... .
6.St. Basil’s Cathedral was built in the mid-16
century in ... of the victory over Kazan.
Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text.
1.The Bolshoi Opera House is ... .
2.They are the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, ... .
th
3.In the 13
century Moscow was the centre of ... .
4.Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (Prince Long Arms) was
... .
5.Moscow had been completely restored by ... .
6.Its total area is ... .
7.There is a legend that ... .
8.Moscow is the seat of ... .
9.The main Kremlin Tower, the Spasskaya Tower,
... .
10.Moscow is famous for ... .
th
th
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
was founded, was destroyed, moved, are, is situated, became
1.Gradually Moscow ... more and more powerful.
2.Three-quarters of the city ... by fire during Napoleon’s occupation.
3.Moscow ... on seven hills.
4.In 1712 the Russian King, Tsar Peter the Great,
... the Russian capital to St. Petersburg.
5.Moscow ... in 1147 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
6.There ... more than 80 museums in Moscow.
Choose the correct item.
1.There ... great old cathedrals and historical
monuments on the territory of the Kremlin.
were, will be, are
2.That’s why Moscow ... the main target of Napoleon’s attack.
became, moved, was founded
th
3.St. Basil’s Cathedral ... in the mid-16
century
in memory of the victory over Kazan.
is, was built, has become
4.Moscow ... completely ... by the mid-19
tury.
5.The main Kremlin Tower, the Spasskaya Tower,
... the symbol of Russia.
6.There is a legend that Ivan the Terrible ... the
architects Barma and Postnik.
remained, had, had been restored
has become, were built, were created
created, blinded, became
th
cen-
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 33
Translate from Russian into English.
1.Москва — один из самых красивых городов
мира.
2.В XIII веке Москва была центром борьбы за
освобождение русских земель от татарского
ига.
3.Москва была полностью восстановлена в
середине XIX века.
4.Поэтому Москва стала главным объектом
атаки Наполеона.
5.В Москве много дворцов, старых особняков,
соборов, церквей и памятников.
6.Москва была основана в 1147 году князем
Юрием Долгоруким.
Listen to the dialogue. Then read and learn it by heart. Role play the dialogue.
Liz: Excuse me, can I put my umbrella some-
where here?
Clerk: Put it there, by the door. Is it still raining?
Liz: Drizzling. Is it always like this in Moscow
this time of the year?
Clrerk: Normally it’s much colder. Old people say
the climate in Moscow has changed.
Liz: For the worse?
Clerk: I think so. It used to be colder in winter
and hotter in summer, they say.
Liz: And everything was better when one was
younger.
Clerk: That’s true. But the end of October is the
most unpleasant season here.
Liz: What is the weather forecast for the win-
ter?
Clerk: I don’t believe those meteorologists. They
are always lying.
Liz: Yes, you are right.
Listen to the dialogue. Then read and learn it by heart. Role play the dialogue.
Misha: You haven’t forgotten we are going sightsee-
ing today?
Colin: Of course not. What will be the starting
point of our sightseeing?
Misha: Red Square and the Kremlin. I think it is the
most interesting place in Moscow.
Colin: When was it built?
Misha: You see, Moscow began with the Kremlin.
And it was founded in 1147.
Colin: I was told that the Kremlin had been rebuilt
many times.
Misha: Yes, it was. Originally the Kremlin was a
fortress.
Colin: I see, its walls are very high and thick. What
is the biggest tower of the Kremlin?
Misha: Spasskaya. It often serves as a symbol of
the country. We can hear the bells of the
clock on the radio.
Colin: Just like Big Ben in London. Can we go
inside the Kremlin?
Misha: Of course we shall. You’ll see many interes-
ting things there.
Colin: OK. Let’s go.
34 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg is the second largest city in
Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the
world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great.
He called St. Petersburg the “Window on the
West.” For 200 years, starting with 1712, St. Petersburg was the capital of the Russian Empire.
Thousands of workmen were brought from all
parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy
land at the mouth of the Neva River. They worked
fast and hard and dropped dead by hundreds but
the work went on.
St. Petersburg was built according to a plan. It
is a city of architectural ensembles. Architects
were brought from Western Europe to lay out
the city in harmonious squares. They are Palace
Square, the Square of Arts, Isaac’s Square and
others.
When the First World War began in 1914, the
German-sounding name, St. Petersburg, was
changed to Petrograd. After the October Revolution the city was renamed after Lenin. In 1918
on the 10
th
of March the government of the country moved to Moscow. Moscow became the capital of Russia again.
During the Second World War the city suffered
a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it
in 1941. For 900 days the city was cut off from
the rest of the country. No food could be brought
in and 800,000 people died of starvation. Daily
shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city.
Thousands of people were killed. In 1944 on the
th
27
of January the blockade of the city was raised.
Centuries will pass but what was done by the
Leningraders will always remain in the memory
of generations to come.
Now St. Petersburg is an important industrial,
cultural and educational centre. The population
of the city is about 5 million.
There are many famous monuments, palaces,
churches, cathedrals and museums in St.
Petersburg. They are the Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, St. Isaac’s Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress. The Hermitage contains the richest collection of pictures in
the world.
The main street in St. Petersburg is Nevsky Prospect. There are a lot of beautiful buildings in it.
St. Petersburg has a lot of symbols. The most
famous symbol of the city is the monument to
Peter the Great in Decembrists’ Square.
The city is called the Nothern Venice because
there are 65 rivers, and canals in it.
St. Petersburg is famous for its beautiful white
nights.
The city attracts thousands of tourists from
every corner of the world every day.
Names
St. Petersburg [sAnt 'pi:tAzbAM] — Санкт-Петербург
Russian Empire ['empaIA] — Российская Империя
the Neva ['neIvA] River — р. Нева
Europe — Европа
Peter the Great — Петр Великий (Петр I)
the Hermitage ['hA:mItIdZ] — Эрмитаж
the Winter Palace — Зимний дворец
the Russiam Museum — Русский музей
St. Isaac’s Cathedral [sAnt 'aIzAks kA'Fi:drAl] — Исаакиевский собор
the Peter-and-Paul Fortress ['pi:tArAn'pD:l 'fD:trIs] — Петропавловская крепость
Palace Square — Дворцовая площадь
the Square of Arts — площадь Искусств
Isaac’s Square — Исаакиевская площадь
the Great Patriotic War — Великая Отечественная война
Nevsky Prospect — Невский проспект
Decembrists’ Square — Площадь Декабристов
the Nothern Venice — Северная Венеция
Petrograd ['petrAMrBd] — Петроград
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 35
Vocabulary
swampy ['swDmpI] — болотистый
mouth [mauF] — устье (реки)
to drop dead [ded] — упасть замертво
architectural [,C:kI'tektSArAl] — архитектурный
to lay out — планировать
harmonious [hC:'mAunjAs] — гармоничный
to rename — переименовать
to suffer ['sEfA] — страдать
deal [di:l] — количество
to lay siege [si:dZ] to — осадить
to cut off ['kEtD:f] — отрезать
Answer the questions.
1.When was St. Petersburg founded?
2.Who founded St. Petersburg?
3.What did Peter the Great call St. Petersburg?
4.When did St. Petersburg become the capital of
Russian Empire?
5.Who built the new city? How did they work?
6.There are a lot of architectural ensembles in St.
Petersburg, aren’t there? What are they?
7.Where were the architects brought from?
8.When was the name St. Petersburg changed to
Petrograd? Why?
9.When was the city renamed after Lenin?
10.When did the government of the country move
to Moscow and when did Moscow become the
capital of Russia again?
starvation [stC:'veISn] — голод
shelling ['SelIN] — бомбежка
air raid ['Le reId] — воздушный налет
to destroy [dI'strDI] — разрушать
to raise [reIz] the blockade — снимать бло-
каду
to remain [rI'meIn] — оставаться
generation [,dZenA'reISAn] — поколение
to contain [kAn'teIn] — вмещать
arm [C:m] — рукав реки
to attract [A'trBkt] — привлекать, притягивать
11.Did the city suffer a great deal during the Great
Patriotic War?
12.How long was the city cut off from the rest of
the country?
13.How many people died during the blockade of
the city?
14.When was the blockade raised?
15.What is the population of the city now?
16.What places of interest in St. Petersburg do you
know?
17.What is the main street in St. Petersburg?
18.What is the most famous symbol of the city?
19.St. Petersburg is often called the Nothern Venice, isn’t it? Why?
20.What else is St. Petersburg famous for?
Read the first part of the sentence in A and find the second part in B.
АB
1.The main street in St. Petersburg is ...
th
2.In 1944 on the 27
of January ...
3.When the First World War began in 1914 ...
4.St. Petersburg is a city of ...
5.Peter the Great called St. Petersburg ...
6.During the Great Patriotic War ...
7.The most famous symbol of the city is ...
8.Architects were brought from ...
... the city suffered a great deal.
... architectural ensembles.
... the monument to Peter the Great in Decembrists’
Square.
... the “Window on the West.”
... Nevsky Prospect.
... the German-sounding name, St. Petersburg, was
changed to Petrograd.
... Western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious
squares.
... the blockade of the city was raised.
Agree or disagree.
1.For 300 years St. Petersburg was the capital of
Russian Empire.
2.St. Petersburg was founded in 1733 by Peter
the Great.
3.The most beautiful squares are Palace Square,
the Square of Arts and Isaac’s Square.
4.St. Petersburg wasn’t built according to a plan.
5.The city is often called the Western Venice.
36 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Put in the missing words according to the text.
1.During the Great Patriotic War the city suf-
fered a great ... .
2.The Hermitage contains ... collection of pictures in the world.
3.When the First World War began in 1914, ...
name, St. Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd.
4.St. Petersburg was built on ... land at the mouth
of the Neva River.
5.Daily ... and air ... destroyed of the city.
6.Centuries will pass but what was done by
Leningraders will always remain in the memory
of ... to come.
7.800,000 people died of ... .
Read the beginning of the sentence and find its end in the text.
1.They worked fast and hard and ... .
2.In 1918 on the 10th of March ... .
3.Architects were brought from Western Europe ... .
4.For 200 years, starting with 1712, ... .
5.The city attracts thousands of tourists ... .
6.Thousands of workmen were brought from all
parts of Russia ... .
7.The city is called the Northern Venice ... .
Choose the correct verb for each blank.
was raised, attracts, contains, was renamed, was changed, was built
1. In 1914 the German — sounding name,
St. Petersburg ... Petrograd.
2.The Hermitage ... the richest collection of pictures in the world.
3.In 1944 on the 27
the city ... .
th
of January the blockade of
4.St. Petersburg ... according to a plan.
5.St. Petersburg ... thousands of tourists from
every corner of the world every day.
6.After the October Revolution the city ... after
Lenin.
Choose the correct item.
1.In 1918 on the 10th of March the government
of the country ... to Moscow.
had, was founded, moved
2.St. Petersburg ... a lot of symbols.
has, was built, was
3.Daily shelling and air raids ... parts of the city.
worked, destroyed, called
Translate from Russian into English.
1.Пройдут века, но то, что было сделано ленинградцами, навсегда останется в памяти
поколений.
2.900 дней город был отрезан от остальной
страны.
3.200 лет, начиная с 1712, Санкт-Петербург
был столицей Российской Империи.
4.Peter the Great ... St. Petersburg the “Window
on the West.”
called, had, moved
5.Thousands of people ... .
suffered, were, were killed
6.St. Petersburg ... in 1703 by Peter the Great.
was called, was famous, was founded
4.Санкт-Петербург притягивает тысячи туристов со всех уголков мира.
5.Сейчас Санкт-Петербург — важный индустриальный, культурный и образовательный
центр.
6.Санкт-Петербург был основан в 1703 году
Петром I.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 37
Read and learn by heart the dialogue. Then act it out.
Mary: What a marvellous view!
Liz: Fantastic, isn’t it? St. Petersburg is the most
beautiful city in the world.
Mary: It’s beautiful. But don’t forget you haven’t
been to Rome.
Liz: As far as I know Rome is much older than
St. Petersburg.
Mary: It’s much older. St. Petersburg is a relatively
young city.
Liz: When was it founded?
Mary: It was founded in 1703.
Theatres in St. Petersburg
Theatres are much the same in St. Petersburg
as anywhere else. There are over thirty theatre
companies in St. Petersburg, each offering a different play, musical, revue, or variety show.
If you love opera or ballet you can go to the
Mariinsky Opera and Ballet House or to the Maly
Opera House. The companies of the opera houses
produce classical operas and ballets such as
Othello, Eugene Onegin, Traviata, Sleeping Beauty
and Swan Lake. Mariinsky Opera and Ballet
House has a history of over 200 years. It was so
named after the wife of Alexander II. The most
famous actors of the theatre were singers —
O. A. Petrov, F. I. Chalyapin, L. V. Sobinov; ballet dancers — A. P. Pavlova, G. S. Ulanova,
K. M. Sergeyev, N. M. Dudinskaya; the ballet
dance producer M. I. Petipa, the conductor and
composer E. F. Napravnik.
If you are fond of drama and comedy, you can
go to one of the theatres, that is the Pushkin Theatre, the Tovstonogov Bolshoy Drama Theatre, the
Open Theatre, the Comissarzhevskaya Theatre,
the Baltic Playhouse, the Comedy Theatre, the
Maly Drama Theatre. Their companies have a
large and varied repertoire. Their repertoire includes both classics and modern plays. You can
see a classical tragedy, a social drama, a witty
comedy, a play of everyday life, a satirical play, a
farce, a lyrical play. Many of these plays have had
Liz: By Peter the Great? I’ve read a lot about
that king.
Mary: He was not a king, Liz. He was a tzar. All
kings in Russia were called tzars.
Liz: I’m well informed about Russian history. Pe-
ter the Great was a very democratic, energetic and business-like man.
Mary: I agree. By the way, we’ve spent the whole
day here and we haven’t seen anything of
St. Petersburg yet.
Liz: We are going sightseeing at last!
Mary: OK! I am ready. Let’s go.
a successful run for several years. They are popular with the public. These productions are known
for their excellent cast, fine stage direction and
scenery. Every season the companies add several
new productions to their repertoire.
Some words about the most famous dramatic
theatre of St. Petersburg. The Tovstonogov Bolshoy Drama Theatre was opened in 1919 with the
performance of F. I. Schiller’s tragedy Don Karlos.
G. A. Tovstonogov was the art director of the theatre from 1956 to 1989. Such actors as V. P. Politseimako, V. I. Strzhelchik, K. Y. Lavrov and others were the fame of the theatre. The repertoire of
plays is based on Russian and foreign classics. It
includes The Noble Home, Uncle Vanya by Chekhov,
Dickens’s Pickwick Club and many others.
You can also visit the Musical Comedy Theatre
if you are keen on operetta, and you will enjoy
the music and the dancing there. At the Music
Hall you can enjoy a beautiful musical revue.
At the Puppet Theatre they put on performances both for children and adults. The Young
People’s Theatre is popular with the public, too.
Little children love the circus and there are circus-lovers among the adults as well.
You can find out what is on at the theatre if you
look up the playbills (posters) which advertise
the repertoire of the theatres, or you can consult
the entertainment section in the newspaper.
38 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Names
the Mariinsky Opera ['DpArA] and Ballet
House — Мариинский Театр Оперы и
Балета
the Maly Opera House — Малый Оперный
Театр
Othello [ou'FelAu] — «Отелло»
Eugene Onegin — «Eвгений Онегин»
Traviata — «Травиата»
Sleeping Beauty ['bju:tI] — «Спящая Краса-
вица»
Swan lake — «Лебединое Озеро»
the Pushkin Theatre — Театр им. А. С. Пуш-
кина
the Tovstonogov Bolshoy Drama Theat-
re — Большой Драматический театр
им. Товстоногова
Vocabulary
to offer ['DfA] — предлагать
revue [rI'vju:] — ревю, обозрение
variety [vA'raIAtI] show — варьете
to produce ['prDdju:s] — производить
to name [neIm] — называть
conductor [kAn'dEktA] — дирижер
composer [kAm'pAuzA] — композитор
to vary ['vLArI] — разнообразить
repertoire ['repAtwC:] — репертуар
to include [In'klu:d] — содержать, включать
tragedy ['trBdZIdI] — трагедия
social ['sAuSAl] — общественный, социальный
witty ['wItI] — остроумный
farce [fC:s] — фарс, комедия
lyrical ['lIrIkAl] — лирический
successful [sAk'sesful] — успешный
excellent ['eksAlAnt] — превосходный, от-
личный
the Open Theatre — Открытый театр
the Comissarshevskaya Theatre — Театр
им. В. Ф. Комиссаржевской
the Baltic Playhouse — Балтийский Дом
the Comedy Theatre — Театр Комедии
the Maly Dramatic Theatre — Малый Дра-
матический Театр
Uncle Vanya — «Дядя Ваня»
the Musical Comedy Theatre — Театр Муз.
Комедии
the Music Hall — Мюзик-холл
the Puppet Theatre — Кукольный театр
the Young People’s Theatre — Театр Юных
Зрителей
the Circus — Цирк
cast [kC:st] — состав исполнителей
direction [dI'rekSAn] (руководство) — поста-
новка
scenery ['si:nArI] — декорации
to add [Bd] — прибавлять
performance [pA'fD:mAns] — спектакль
art director — режиссер
fame [feIm] — слава, известность
to base [beIs] on — основывать, базировать на
to be keen on — страстно увлекаться чем-
либо
adult ['BdElt] — взрослый
playbill ['pleIbIl] — театральная афиша
(программа)
to advertise ['BdvAtaIz] — рекламировать
to consult [kAn'sElt] — советоваться, справ-
ляться
entertainment [,entA'teInmAnt] — развлечение
section ['sekSAn] — раздел
Answer the questions.
1.How many theatre companies are there in St.
Petersburg?
2.What opera and ballet houses do you know in
St. Petersburg?
3.Have you ever seen classical operas or ballets?
What? Where?
4.What do you know about the history of the
Mariinsky Opera and Ballet House?
5.Who was it named after?
6.Who were the most famous actors, dancers, conductors and composers of this theatre?
7.Are you fond of drama and comedy? What do
you know about the Tovstonogov Bolshoy
Drama Theatre? Have you ever been there?
8.When was this theatre opened?
9.What was the first performance there?
10.Who was the art director of the theatre for many
years?
11.What actors were the fame of the theatre?
12.What plays is the repertoire based on?
13.Are you keen on operetta?
14.Do you know where you can enjoy a beautiful
musical revue?
15.Have you ever been to the Puppet Theatre?
When? What performance did you see?
16.Do you like circus? When did you last go there?
Why do you like circus?
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION _______________________________________________________ 39
Read and learn it by heart. Act out the dialogue.
Andy: Well, Rose, how did you like the play?
Rose: To tell you the truth, I enjoyed every minute
of it. What about you?
Andy: I agree with you, it was a great perform-
ance. The acting was perfect. Each actor performed his part so realistically that I began
to feel for them as in real life.
Read and learn it by heart. Act out the dialogue.
Colin: Good evening, David!
David: Good evening, Colin! This is a small world!
How are you?
Colin: Fine, thanks. How are you?
David: Life is going its usual way. Thanks.
Colin: Where do you have a seat?
David: In the stalls, row 9. And where is your seat?
Colin: In the dress-circle.
David: What do you think of the play?
Rose: Yes, all the actors had wonderful dresses and
the scenery was out of the ordinary. It’s a
play I’ll remember for long.
Andy: Well, I’m awfully glad you enjoyed it.
Frankly speaking, I’ve never seen an audience applaud so much before.
Rose: Yes, I applauded so much that my hands
ached.
Colin: I’ve never seen anything more wonderful.
Do you share my opinion?
David: I do. I couldn’t tear my eyes away from the
stage.
Colin: Have you been to this theatre before?
David: I’m here for the first time. The lights are
going down.
Colin: We must hurry to the auditorium.
David: Be seeing you later.
Holidays in Russia
There are some holidays in Russia. They are
New Year’s Day, Christmas, Women’s Day, Day
of the Defenders of the Motherland, May Day,
Victory Day and Independence Day.
New Year’s Day is the favourite holiday of many
people in Russia. Now we celebrate this holiday
on the 31
sian calendar in 1699. He made the first of January New Year’s Day. A lot of people consider New
Year’s day to be a family holiday. They have New
Year parties at home. They greet the new year
with champagne and listen to the Kremlin chimes
beating 12 o’clock. Some people begin to prepare
for this holiday beforehand. They buy a New Year
tree and decorate it with toys.
Russian people celebrate Christmas on the 7
of January. On that day a lot of people go to
church services.
st
of December. Peter I changed the Rus-
Women’s Day is celebrated on the 8
On that day men usually give women flowers and
presents. They do everything about the house and
cook the meals.
Victory Day is the greatest national holiday in
th
our country. On the 9
of May 1945 the Soviet
Army and its allies completely defeated the German fascists and the Second World War and the
Great Patriotic War ended. Many veterans take
part in the military parade and lay wreaths on the
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. All people stand
in silence for one minute.
Independence Day is celebrated on the 12
June. On that day in 1992 the first president of
th
Russia was elected.
th
of March.
th
of
40 _______________________________________________________ THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Holiday Date
1.New Year’s Day the 1
2.Orthodox Christmas the 7
4. Maslenitsa February/March
5. Country Defendant’s Day the 23
6.Women’s Day the 8
7.Easter (Paskha) March/April/May
8.Day of Spring and Labour the 1
9.Victory Day the 9
10.Russian Independence Day the 12
11. Day of Reconciliation and Harmony the 7th of November
12. Constitution Day the 12
st
of January
th
of January
rd
of February
th
of March
st
of May
th
of May
th
of June
th
of December
Names
New Year’s Day — Новый год
Christmas — Рождество
orthodox ['D:FAdDks] — православный
Country Defendant’s Day — День Защитни-
ка Родины
Women’s Day — Международный женский
день
Vocabulary
to consider — считать
to greet — встречать (возгласами и т. п.),
приветствовать
champagne [SBm'peIn] — шампанское
chimes [tSaImz] beating — бой курантов
beforehand — заранее
calendar ['kBlIndA] — календарь
service ['sA:vIs] — служба
ally ['BlaI] — союзник
completely [kAm'pli:tlI] — полностью
Answer the questions.
1.What holidays are there in Russia?
2.What is the favourite holiday of many people
in Russia?
3.When do we celebrate New Year’s Day?
4.Who changed the Russian calendar in 1699?
5.In your opinion, is New Year’s Day a family
holiday? How do you celebrate New Year’s Day?
6.When is Christmas celebrated in Russia?
May Day — Праздник Весны и Труда (День
1-го Мая)
Victory Day — День Победы
Independence Day — День Независимости
reconciliation [,rekAnsili'eiSn] — примирение
harmony ['hC:mAnI] — согласие
to defeat [dI'fi:t] — наносить поражение
military ['mIlItArI] — военный
parade [pA'reId] — парад
to lay (laid, laid) — класть, возлагать
wreath [ri:F] — венок
tomb [tu:m] — могила
soldier ['sAuldZA] — солдат
silence ['saIlAns] — молчание
to elect [I'lekt] — выбирать
th
7.What holiday is celebrated on the 8
of March?
What do the Russian men usually do on this
day?
8.What is the greatest national holiday in our
country? Why do we celebrate Victory Day on
th
of May? Which of your family took part
the 9
in the Second World War?
9.When do we celebrate Independence Day? Why?
Read and learn it by heart. Role play the dialogue.
Clim: How are you feeling today? I hope you are
well.
Helen: Not too bad. And you?
Clim: Thanks, pretty well. It’s a nice day today,
isn’t it?
Helen: Yes, that’s right. Spring is coming soon. Nice
and bright this morning.
Clim: Where are you going to spend your week-
end?
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