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Файл:Английский язык для аспирантов. English for Post-Graduate Students. Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку для аспирантов
.pdf
outline, inform, brief, update, clarify, highlight, stress, urge you to do X,
handle
Phrasal verbs
talk through, run through, hand you over to, turn to, go into, take over, carry
on, sum up, put forward, wind up, deal with, focus on
Verbs to describe movements and trends
go up, rise, soar, jump, peak
fluctuate
go down, fall, drop, tumble, collapse, bottom out
stay steady, level, flatten out
N.B.
151
There has been a slight fall in the rate.
The rate has fallen slightly.
Text
Boosting Morale by Scott S. Smith
The poet Theodore Roethke once said, “In a dark time, the eye begins to
see.” And in the wake of these recent layoffs, in this dark time of tremendous
insecurity and uncertainty, it is imperative that we maintain a clear vision - both of
the way things are now and of the way they will be.
It probably comes as a surprise to no one that after our merger with Calco
Pharmaceutical and the consequential layoffs, I have called everyone together. I
am not going to pull any punches in this discussion. You are my staff, and I want
to be frank with you. I want to tell you what I know about the immediate future of
this company. I want to empower you with these facts. I want to create an
atmosphere of security, understandably no easy task when some of our coworkers
have just been downsized. But we now need to move forward to ensure our own
jobs. And I believe together we can do this. Today, I’m going to share with you the
three-step plan that is going to take this company into its next phase of existence.
152
Let me first say, though, that no more layoffs are in the immediate future. If
you are sitting in this meeting listening to me, you do have job security. Please
take that in. This company needs you. All of your jobs are essential. This is a fact.
Now for our three-step plan for a better, more lucrative future: merging,
identifying, and modifying. Step One: Merging. Change is never easy. Transition
is often uncomfortable. But the outcome can reap tremendous benefits for all. The
merging phase of the three-step plan is going to be the hardest. The way we are
used to doing our work is going to be questioned. Our operations and methods will
be closely scrutinized. It is enough to make the most secure worker feel a little
shaky. But, hear me, this is just part of the process. Nothing about this phase is
personal. We are not looking to cut back any more. We are looking to move
forward.
You will not be alone during this phase of our plan. This is the most
important thing for you to remember. I have an open door. If you need help, please
come to me. If you need reassurance and guidance, please come to me. If you just
need someone to hear your frustration with this process, please come to me. I am
not just paying lip service. During this first phase, my sole job is to be there for
you and to make this difficult transition easier for you. Your job during this first
phase is to become more aware. Pay attention to what is going on; make
observations about what is working and what is superfluous. Think about the
positive changes you'd like to see here. Keep notes. The more you notice, the more
you can participate in the exciting changes taking place.
Awareness leads us into step two of our plan, identifying. We need now to
identify changes we need to make; we also need to identify what already works.
Your notes and observations from phase one are critical in phase two. If you're
happy here, your comments can help indicate what we need to continue doing to
keep you happy; if you are unhappy with what you see going on, they can be used
to make changes. But, if your voice isn’t heard, you can't be part of the solution.
Phase two gives you a real opportunity to create a more idealized work
environment. I am not just asking to hear the voices of department heads. I want to
153
hear everyone's opinions — executives, assistants, associates, and staff. During
phase two, everyone’s opinion carries equal weight. We cannot correct problems
we don't know about. I cannot urge you enough to speak out. Please, take
advantage of your power.
After we have merged and identified our strengths and weaknesses, we will
be ready to move onto phase three, the modification stage. This is the point in our
process where we will put your feedback into action. After the corporate
department receives your input and analyzes it, we will work on the necessary
retooling and revamping to take our company into the twenty-first century.
In summation, what may seem like a dark time of uncertainty to you right
now, actually provides an opportunity, as Roethke observed, to see more clearly
than ever. Open your eyes. Take notice. Make suggestions. Help us to notice, to
identify, and to modify. And if you do, I promise you that you'll find the future
looking brighter than ever.
154
Keys
Unit 1
Exercise 5.
1. basic; 2. basic; 3. basic; 4. basic; 5. basic; 6. applied; 7. basic; 8. applied;
9. basic; 10. applied; 11.applied; 12. applied; 13. basic; 14. applied; 15. applied;
Exercise 10
1. d) sounds; 2. a) afraid; 3. b) out of ; 4. b) would be; 5.a) honest; 6. c)
completely; 7. d) doubt; 8. d) point; 9. a) same; 10. d) problem.
Unit 2.
Exercise 2
1. f; 2. h; 3. d; 4. g; 5. c; 6. a; 7. e; 8. b.
Exercise 4.
1. T; 2. F; 3.F; 4. T; 5.F; 6. F; 7.T;
Exercise 5.
1. He was quite amused when he heard what had happened.
2. I went to the library to get as much information as I could.
3. He has been working here for some times.
4. He stopped speaking to see if the listeners could follow him.
5. It is quite acceptable to pay a lot for a high quality work especially if
the service is good.
6. I decided to review the obtained data to get a better picture of the
process.
7. I don’t think I have ever read one of his books.
8. After a few minutes I looked up and saw that it was getting dark.
9. I often watched him preparing for his presentations in English.
10. We studied the research paper in detail.
Exercise 7.
Confusing words and false friends (pages 12 – 14)
155
1. action / activity 2. advise / advice 3. effect / affect 4. appreciable /
appreciative 5. assumption / presumption 6. prevent / avoid 7. beside / besides 8.
shortly / briefly 9. channel / canal 10. conscious / conscientious 11. continuous /
continual 12. inspect / control 13. objections / criticism 14. injury / damage / harm
15. invent /discover 16. for / during / while 17. However / Moreover 18.
considerable / considerate 19. intolerable / intolerant 20. job / work 21. lies / lay
22. watch / look at 23. permit / permission 24. possibility / chance 25. priceless
/worthless 26. principle / principal / principal / principle 27. procession /
process 28. rise / raise 29. respectful /respectable 30. treat / cure 31.
subjective / objective 32. disinterested / uninterested or disinterested (it is a
common misconception in English that disinterested cannot be used in the same
way as uninterested when we want to say that someone does not find something
interesting) 33. infer / imply 34. complementary / complimentary
Unit 3.
3Abbreviations
1; 2d; 3 a; 4.c; 5. e; 6a; 7.b; 8.c; 9.d; 10. b; 11.c;12. a; 13.e; 14.d; 15.e; 16.e;
17.a;;18.b; 19. c; 20. d; 21. c; 22. b; 23. b; 24. d; 25. e; 26.e; 27. d; 28.c покупка в
рассрочку); 29.d; 30.a; 31.c; 32.b; 33.a; 34.c; 35. d; 36.e; 37.e; 38.a; 39. a; 40.b.
4.
1. He dropped out of school to support his family.
2. The bus company will probably announce its schedule during the next
few days.
3. Any student who wants to meet foreign students can do so in many
ways.
4. Rarely will you find someone who has never told a deliberate lie.
5. Disobeying safety regulations causes trouble.
6. Students think that the most important subjects are those that will be
useful after graduation.
7. Soon college freshmen must realize that they need to contact their
advisors about their choices of majors.
156
8. I awoke this morning at 6:30 but then turned off the alarm and went
back to sleep.
9. Our company provides opportunities for professional growth and
stability in the dynamic field of aerospace technology.
10. The game was canceled because of rain.
Unit 4
1
Example (1) of a summary
Answer
There are two types of advertisements. Informative advertisements provide
consumers information about the products or services. They are especially useful
when we are purchasing new products. The second kind is the persuasive ones
which provide us with products information and also persuade us to buy them by
claiming the superiority of their products. Advertisements also benefit readers of
newspapers and magazines by helping to subsidize the prices. One disadvantage of
advertisements is that they sometimes aim to sell only and cover up the flaws of
the advertised products. Consumer may sometimes get confused over buying
decisions when too many advertisements are advertise. Advertising also raises the
production costs which in turn increases the prices of the products too.
2.
1. shortages 2. substantially 3. malnutrition 4. urbanization 5. prosperity 6.
overeat 7. failure 7. application 8. minimasing 9. modification 10 resistance
Unit 5
The Art of Public Speaking
Ex.1
1. (e); 2. (h); 3. (d); 4. (c); 5. (a); 6. (f); 7. (g); 8 (b).
Ex. 1(a)
1.8; 2.5; 3.1; 4.7; 5.3; 6.4; 7.2; 8.6
157
Список литературы
1. Тарнопольський О.Б., Авсюкевич Ю.С. Успішні презентації.
Посібник з навчання ділових презентацій англійською мовою студентів
економічних спеціальностей – К.: Ленвіт, 2007. – 135с.
2. ADMC HD Common Year English Writing. Writing about Graphs.
[Електронный ресурс] — Режим доступа:
http://www.admc.hct.ac.ae/hd1/english/graphs/pie3ans.htm
3. Basic Steps in the Research Process. [Електронный ресурс] —
Режим доступа: http://www.crlsresearchguide.org/00_basic_steps.asp
4. How to protect your intellectual property. [Електронний ресурс] —
Режим доступа: https://www.gov.uk/intellectual-property-an-overview/what-isintellectual-property
5. John and Lease Soars. New Headway English Course. - Oxford.
Oxford Univ. Press. – 2000, p. 144. Smith Scott S. Boosting Moraleby. / Scott S.
Smith. [Електронный ресурс] — Режим доступа:
http://www.netplaces.com/public-speaking/sample-speeches-for-almost-everyoccasion/boosting-morale.htm
6. Learning Development. [Електронний ресурс] — Режим
доступу:http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/ld/resources/writing/writingresources/science
7. Social movement organizations: growth, decay and change.
[Електронный ресурс] — Режим доступа:
http://sf.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/3/327.full.pdf+html
8. Plagiarism and copyright violation. [Електронный ресурс] — Режим
доступа: http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/policy/academichonesty/p04.htm
9. Plagiarism: What It is and How to Recognize and Avoid It.
[Електронный ресурс] — Режим доступа:
http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml#original
158
10. David G. Drubin and Douglas R. Kellogg* English as the universal
language of science: opportunities and challenges [Електронный ресурс] —
Режим доступа: http://www.molbiolcell.org/content/23/8/1399.full?sid=ee2f1e88-
34a9-41ce-a79e-287b2dc93eed
11. Kuper Why proper English rules OK [Електронный ресурс] —
Режим доступа: http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/3ac0810e-d0f0-11df-a42600144feabdc0.html
12. URL: http://www.englishdaily626.com/summary.php?014
13. URL:http://www.buowl.boun.edu.tr/students/summarizing/summarizing.
htm
14. URL: http://www.nature.com/scitable/ebooks/english-communication-
for-scientists-14053993/contents
15. URL: http://www.businessinsider.com/bii-report-why-the-second-screen-
industry-is-set-to-explode-2013-2
16. URL: http://www.learn-english-today.com/resources.html
17. URL: http://www.englishclub.com/tefl-articles/english-speaking-
practice-presentations.htm
18. URL: http://www.effective-public-speaking.com/
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