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Файл:The Travel and Tourism Industry. Учебное пособие для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальностям сервиса и туризма
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associations, trade organizations, consumer organizations.
Industry: Transportation (air, bus, rail, auto, cruise), travel agents,
tour wholesalers, lodging, attractions, recreation.
Motive: Profit or nonprofit.
So, as it is clearly seen, tourism can be categorized by — geography,
ownership, function, industry, and travel motive.
Industry practitioners use these categories to identify and interact
with the various industry sectors and organizations involved with tourism.
Physical needs, the desire to experience other cultures, and an interest in meeting new people are some of the motives people have when
they travel. Because of flexible work hours, early retirement, and the easy
accessibility of traveling, tourism is constantly growing.
From a social and cultural perspective, tourism can further international understanding and economically improve a poor country. However, it can also disturb a culture by confronting it with mass tourism,
causing the destruction of natural sites. A trend in avoiding tourism pollution is ecotourism
[1, 32—34; 73—74]1.
Vocabulary notes
to appear появляться; возникать
in the early 19th century в начале XIX века
to be closely associated быть тесно связанным; ассоциироваться
accepted зд. общепринятый
voyage путешествие
to accommodatе (smb.) предоставлять жилье (êîìó-ëèáî)
to cater (to smth.) заботиться (î ÷åì-ëèáî); обеспечивать
[клиентов] (÷åì-ëèáî)
needs and wants çä. потребности и желания
convention совещание, съезд, конференция (деловая
встреча представителей одной профессии
или организации); в США — съезд демократической или республиканской партии
1
Здесь и далее цифры в квадратных скобках обозначают номер заимствованного
источника по списку литературы (References) и страницы.
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to gain добиваться; достигать
hotelier владелец гостиницы или ее управляю-
ùèé
to fill наполнять; заполнять
official зд. чиновник
marketer специалист по маркетингу
supplier поставщик
nonprofit некоммерческий
state çä. øòàò
ownership зд. вид собственности
in terms (of smth.) с точки зрения, с позиции (чего-либо)
government çä. государственный
quasi-government çä. при частичном участии государст-
венных структур
private çä. частный, негосударственный
industry sector отрасль промышленности
accessibility доступность
to experience зд. увидеть воочию; ознакомиться
to be involved (with smth.) быть связанным (с чем-либо)
flexible work hours гибкий рабочий график
retirement зд. уход на пенсию
to further зд. способствовать дальнейшему разви-
òèþ
to disturb çä. препятствовать, мешать
destruction разрушение
natural site çä. заповеднoе местo
trend тенденция; основное направление
to avoid избегать
pollution загрязнение окружающей среды
ecotourism [΄i:kEu ِtuErizm] современная разновидность туризма,
ориентированная на знакомство с природой и бережное отношение как к ней,
так и к экологии планеты в целом; áóêâ.
экологический туризм, экотуризм
12
Vocabulary focus
4. Match the equivalents:
1) room a) вызывать, быть причиной
2) wonderful b) представлять собой
3) balance c) номер в гостинице (отеле)
4) grow d) чудесный, восхитительный
5) constantly e) расти, увеличиваться
6) cause f) равновесие
7) use g) использование, применение
8) represent h) постоянно
9) benefit i) упрощать
10) simplify j) благо, выгода; польза
5. Match the synonyms:
1) voyage a) benefit
2) rich b) travel
3) various c) formal
4) easy d) some
5) profit e) continuously
6) several f) different
7) official g) simple
8) constantly h) well-off
9) grow i) international
10) global j) increase
6. Match the antonyms:
1) early a) new
2) old b) late
3) disturb c) business
4) pleasure d) further
5) difficult e) easy
6) less f) day
7) night g) more
8) high h) low
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9) improve i) poor
10) well-off j) worsen
11) close k) far-off
7. Match the words with their definitions:
1) cater a) concerning the body rather than the mind
2) ecotourism b) the business for providing holidays for tourists
3) motel c) a journey on a ship for pleasure, especially one
that involves visiting a series of places
4) physical d) provide people with something they want or
need, especially something unusual or special
5) tour e) a building where you pay to stay in a room and
have meals
6) hotel f) someone who is paying money to stay at a hotel
or eat in a restaurant
7) guest g) the business of creating and selling holidays that
give people the chance to learn about a natural environment and cause as little damage to the environment as possible
8) cruise h) a journey during which several places are visited
9) tourism i) a hotel for people who are traveling by car
10) manager j) the dark part of each day, when the sun cannot be seen
11) night k) someone whose job is to organize and control the
work of a business or organization or a part of it [16]
Comprehension
8. Answer the questions on the text:
1. What is a modern definition of the term tourist?
2. How can tourism be defined?
3. What is a United Nations definition of the term tourist?
4. What does tourism represent for developing nations?
5. What various things may the word tourism mean to different people?
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6. Why does the word tourism mean different things to different
people?
7. In what terms can tourism be categorized?
8. How can tourism improve a poor country’s economy?
9. What factors contribute to the constant growing of tourism?
10. What factors contribute to the constant growing of tourism?
11. What kind of tourism can prevent the destruction and pollution
of natural sites? Why?
9. Complete the sentences using proper words and phrases
in the box:
groups or individuals; tourism; other cultures; a poor country;
a balance of trade; accessibility
1. Tourism is constantly growing due to the easy _____ of traveling.
2. Developing nations can easily gain _______ with other nations
via tourism.
3. Tourism means attracting, accommodating, and pleasing
_______ traveling for pleasure or culture.
4. The desire to experience _______ is one of the motives people
have when they travel.
5. Tourism can economically improve _______.
6. For Russia, _______ represents a very low percentage of gross
national product.
10. State whether the following statements are true or false.
Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones.
1. Ecotourism causes the destruction or pollution of natural sites.
2. Tourism brings guests who fill rooms and restaurants.
3. Tourism is involved with various industry sectors and organizations.
4. Most tourists are persons who travel for business.
5. Mass tourism can cause the destruction of natural sites.
6. Due to tourism more money comes into a country or city.
7. For many developed nations, tourism represents a relatively high
percentage of gross national product.
15
Discussion
11. Give a definition of the term tourism using the following words
and phrases:
− traveling for pleasure purposes − the accepted use of the word today
− business and convention travel − to travel for pleasure or business
− to include − to categorize
− in terms of − factor
− to attract − to accommodate
− group − individual
− trend − to avoid tourism pollution
− ecotourism − industry
After having done the task describe the travel and tourism industry
in detail.
12. Entitle the paragraph beginning with the words:
Tourism means different…
13. Divide the text into other logical parts and entitle each of them.
14. Give a summary of the text.
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Case study
TOURISM IN SAUDI ARABIA
Background:
Saudi Arabia has everything to become a world-class tourist destination. Its government has already done a lot to develop a formal tourist
industry. The improvements reflect a sharp increase in the number of
pilgrims arriving from abroad.
1. Read the supporting article and provide detailed answers
to the case questions below.
Tourism is a new departure in Saudi Arabia. Pilgrims have come to
Makkah and Madinah on the hajj for almost fourteen centuries, of
course, and the country is accustomed to hosting them. A Supreme
Council for Tourism has now been created to develop a formal tourist
industry, however. The government has improved roads, communications and power supplies in tourist areas. The private sector has responded with new resort projects with hotels, shopping centers and entertainment.
The country has vast contrasts to appeal to the eye. It has unspoilt
coral reefs in the Red Sea, historic sites and ancient city souks, and cityscapes of stunning modernity. In the rock city of Madain Salah near
Madinah, striking tombs were carved from solid rock by Nabatean masons 2,000 years ago. The coastline is magnificent and unspoiled, the
mountains ideal for trekking, the Empty Quarter a desert of unsurpassed
majesty.
In the Asir region, on the western borders of the country, the mountains soar to over 9,000 feet before falling to 84 miles of unspoilt Red Sea
beaches. The cool air at altitude already attracts 700,000 people a year
from all over the Gulf.
The hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah, is one of the five ‘pillars’, or
core religious duties, of Islam. To make a pilgrimage is a lifetime ambition for those who take part in it.
The Saudi monarch, King Fahd, initiated a $11 billion project to expand and improve facilities at the holy sites. The size of the Sacred
Mosque in Makkah has been almost doubled to 3.5 square feet with
space for one million worshippers. The size of the Prophet Mosque in
Madinah has increased tenfold, allowing it to accommodate half a million people.
Other investment has gone into airport buildings, roads, water supplies and health facilities. The government distributed bottled water and
boxed lunches during the climbing of Mount Arafat. Ambulances with
first-aid teams are kept in strategic places. Health education videos are
shown on pilgrim aircraft and ships.
The improvements reflect the dramatic increase in the number of pilgrims arriving from outside the Kingdom. In 1965, they numbered some
300,000. By the start of the present reign, the figure had climbed over the
one million mark. The number of pilgrims in 2001 was 1,804,800, of
whom more than 1.3 million came from abroad. The huge logistical and
administrative challenge of coping with the annual influx is met by the
Ministry of Pilgrimage Affairs and Religious Trusts. Special pilgrimage
visas are issued to allow pilgrims to visit Makkah and to make the excursion to Madinah to visit the Prophet’s tomb [3].
Vocabulary notes
departure çä. нечто новое и непривычное
pilgrim паломник
Makkah, Madinah
hajj (the)
to host çä. принимать (туристов, гостей и т.п.)
formal çä. официальный
power suppló снабжение электроэнергией
private sector частный сектор
coral reef коралловый риф
historic site историческое место
Мекка, Медина — города в Саудовской Ара-
вии, священные для всех мусульман
хадж — паломничество мусульман в Мекку или
Медину
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ancient древний
souk [su:k] рынок, базар (в арабских странах)
cityscape городской пейзаж
stunning ошеломляющий, сногсшибательный
rock скала
tomb могила; захоронение
carve высекать (из камня)
solid rock твердая скальная порода
mason каменотес
coastline береговая линия
to trek делать большой переход, пересекать (пустыню,
горную местность и т.п.)
Empty Quarter нежилая зона на юге Аравийского полуострова
[простирается на 900 миль]
unsurpassed непревзойденный
majesty
to soar
soar
to fall
altitude
pillar
lifetime ambition
those
to take part
holy site
mosque
worshipper
prophet
tenfold
to accommodate
boxed
Mount Arafat
ambulance
first-aid team
зд. величественность
взмывать вверх
взмывать вверх
зд. резко снижаться
возвышенность
зд. основа; краеугольный камень
цель (устремление) всей жизни
зд. люди
принимать участие
святое место
мечеть
верующий
пророк
десятикратно; в десять раз
обеспечивать жильем
зд. расфасованный; в упаковке
гора Aрафат [священная для мусульман]
машина скорой помощи; «скорая»
бригада неотложной помощи
19
health education
videos
aircraft самолет (-ы) (åä. è ìíîæ.); авиация
dramatic
kingdom
reign
to climb over the
one million mark
to cope (with smth.)
influx
Prophet
tomb
çä. учебные видеофильмы об оказании неотложной помощи
çä. резкий
королевство
правление
превышать (переваливать за) миллионную от-
метку
справляться (ñ ÷åì-ëèáî)
çä. приток, увеличение
çä. пророк Мухаммед
захоронение, могила
Case questions:
1. What does the Arabic word hajj mean?
2. How long have Muslim pilgrims come to Makkah and Madinah
on the hajj?
3. What country is accustomed to hosting them?
4. What has the Saudi government done to develop a formal tourist
industry?
5. What facilities has the Saudi government improved in tourist areas?
6. How has the private sector responded to these governmental
measures?
7. What things appealing to the eye does Saudi Arabia have?
8. What contrasts attractive to tourists are there in Saudi Arabia?
9. What things appealing to the eye does Saudi Arabia have?
10. What contrasts attractive to tourists are there in Saudi Arabia?
11. What does the hajj mean j?
12. Who has initiated a project to expand and improve facilities at
the holy sites?
13. Where has the investment gone into?
14. What do the last improvements reflect?
15. What governmental body meets the huge logistical and adminis-
trative challenge of coping with the annual influx?
16. What are special pilgrimage visas issued for?
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