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Файл:The Travel and Tourism Industry. Учебное пособие для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальностям сервиса и туризма
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13. Entitle the paragraphs beginning with the words:
The food needs to be…
There are a number of…
14. Divide the text into other logical parts and entitle each of
them.
15. Give a summary of the text.
121
Case study
TROUBLE IN PARADISE
Background:
The travel and tourism industry is facing serious problems in the Caribbean. However, nearly all economic aspects of these problems can be
solved, if handled properly.
1. Read the supporting article and provide detailed answers to
the case questions below.
The biggest earner for most Caribbean countries is tourism. It wobbled after last year’s terrorist attacks but now seems to be gaining, perhaps from tourists fleeing Indonesia and Thailand. In Jamaica, arrivals
are down by 11% compared with the first half of last year. But tourism in
Barbados was more sprightly in July to September this year than it had
been in January to June.
The problem with tourism is the high running cost of hotels, and all
the islands fret about competition from cruise ships and other resorts.
Cuba, already the world’s fastest-growing tourist industry (with annual
growth of around 20% in the late 1990s), will grow even faster once Fidel
Castro goes and Americans can visit freely. Mexico’s Cancun and Cozumel enjoy lower labour costs than most Caribbean countries, and offer
the same sun and sea. Places like sand beaches, coral reefs, and forests
with plentiful flora and fauna are prime locations in the area.
Tourism needs stability. But drugs traffic through the Caribbean has
been booming, and with it violent crime. A recent estimate by the United
Nations Drug Control Programme puts the net regional earnings of the
Caribbean drug industry at $3.3 billion, or nearly half the GDP
maica or Trinidad. In Jamaica, tourists are often kept corralled in special
resorts behind walls.
Caribbean countries frequently argue that their small size entitles
them to special concessions in, for instance, current negotiations on the
Free Trade Area of the Americas. Trade liberalisation poses problems for
some countries, notably the Bahamas, because it will force them to scrap
of Ja-
customs duties, their main revenue source. But the requirement for reciprocity also scares them: ‘What does the United States want in reciprocity
from a country like St Kitts, with 40,000 people’? asks Richard Bernal,
the region’s head negotiator.
However, argues Alvin Wint of the University of the West Indies in a
recent paper, smallness is not always a handicap. Some tiny countries
(such as Singapore, which in the early 1970s had the same GDP
as Jamaica) are wealthy; some giants are poor. The most thriving Caribbean economies are not the biggest but include the Bahamas and Barbados, with their winning tourism and financial services. Economies of
scale do not matter equally in all industries. In tourism, small is successful, says Anthony Clayton, of the University of the West Indies in Jamaica: the Caribbean’s small destinations make twice as much per tourist
as the seven big ones.
‘The fundamental competitive advantage of a small economy is the
ability to be hospitable to the world, [and]…nimble’, concludes Mr Wint.
Well led and well managed, even a dot in the ocean can enjoy economic
success [8, 49—50].
per head
Vocabulary notes
to wobble зд. почувствовать себя неуверенно; букв.
качаться из стороны в сторону; вихляться;
идти шатаясь
last year’s terrorist attacks
to gain çä. наверстывать упущенное
to flee çä. перестать ездить
to be down cнижаться, сокращаться
to fret çä. испытывать беспокойство; быть озабо-
once… çä. после того, как…
drugs traffic система каналов и способов незаконной
violent crime çä. разгул преступности, высокий уровень
çä. имеются в виду крупнейшие акции
арабских террористов-смертников 11 сентября 2001 г. в Нью-Йорке и Вашингтоне
ченным
поставки наркотиков (ср. неологизм “наркотрафик” в русском языке)
123
преступности
net çä. чистый (o доходе); нетто
flora and fauna [~fC:nE] флора и фауна
coral reef [~kCr El] коралловый риф
to corral (smb.) [kE~r a:l] çä. содержать (êîãî-ëèáî) в относительной
изоляции, ради его же безопасности из-за
возможных посягательств со стороны преступников
to entitle (smb. to smth.) давать право (êîìó-ëèáî íà ÷òî-ëèáî)
concession уступка, послабление
negotiations (pl.) переговоры
Free Trade Area of the
Americas
trade liberalisation либерализация торговли
to scrap çä. отменять
reciprocity взаимодействие; сотрудничество; паритет
to scare пугать
revenue source источник доходов
to argue возражать; не соглашаться
handicap недостаток
GDP (gross domestic
product)
tiny очень небольшой; крошечный
to thrive процветать
winning çä. находящийся в отличном состоянии
economies of scale (pl.) более низкие себестоимость и отпускная
to matter иметь значение
small (n.)
destination пункт назначения
competitive advantage конкурентное преимущество
Северо-Американская зона свободной
торговли. Ср. также: Cоглашение о свободной торговле в Северной Америке —
НАФТА (NAFTA ñîêð. îò North-American
Free Trade Agreement)
(между двумя странами)
ВВП (валовой внутренний продукт)
цена услуг или изделий, которые фирма
может себе позволить в силу своей крупномасштабности
çä. небольшие размеры
124
nimble çä. сообразительный, находчивый
dot çä. пятнышко, точка (на географической
карте)
to enjoy зд. добиваться
Case questions:
1. What industry is the biggest earner for most Caribbean countries?
2. Why did tourism in the Caribbean start wobbling?
3. What is the main problem with tourism in the Caribbean?
4. What kind of stability does tourism need? Why?
5. What causes violent crime in the Caribbean?
6. Why are tourists kept corralled in special resorts behind walls in
Jamaica?
7. Does Caribbean countries’ small size entitle them to special con-
cessions?
8. Why does trade liberalisation pose problems for the Bahamas?
9. What is the population of St Kitts?
10. Do you think reciprocity between the United States and St Kitts
is possible?
11. Is smallness always an economic handicap?
12. What did Singapore and Jamaica have in common in the early
1970s?
13. What do they have in common now?
14. What is the difference between them?
15. What other tiny countries, such as Singapore, St Kitts, or Ja-
maica, do you know?
16. What is there in common between Barbados and the Bahamas?
17. Where is the University of the West Indies situated?
18. What is the fundamental competitive advantage of small econo-
mies?
Role-play:
Pretend you are general manager of a big travel agency. You have just
found out that three customers doubt whether it is worth (and safe) going
to Jamaica for their holidays. You decide to take drastic measures to coax
them to buy the package tours.
125
While persuading the customers, stress the following issues:
• Jamaica boasts the best resorts and sand beaches in the West Indies;
• her resorts offer the same sun and sea at much lower prices;
• Jamaica’s hotels offer the lowest room rates in the Caribbean;
• despite violent crime in Jamaica, tourists feel and are quite safe
there;
• they are kept corralled in special resorts behind walls;
• these customers are keen on scuba diving;
• coral reefs;
• flora and fauna;
• your close friend, an ardent scuba diver, has just returned from
Jamaica;
• he is full of most favourable impressions.
2. Identify key points in the text and extract information from it to
pass on to your partner.
3. Let your partner see whether key points identified by you are
the same as those covered in the text. Let him / her agree or
disagree with you.
126
___________UNIT 9___________
EСOTOURISM
Pre-reading
1. Read and translate the following international words:
segment
phenomenon
focus
ecologist
ecotourism
student
adventure
leader
potential
confusion
concept
interpretation
element
compromise
future
generation
visitor
natural
area
conserve
system
wharf
destructive
stability
definition
specifically
reef
local
actual
coral
2. Read and translate the following groups of words derived from
a common root:
1) ecology — ecological — ecologist — ecotourism — ecotourist;
2) industry — industrial — industrialize — industrialized — industri-
alist — industrious;
3) develop — developer — developed — development — develop-
mental — developmentally;
4) lead — leader — leading — leadership;
5) live — alive — living — liver — liverish — livestock — life —
lifestyle;
6) conserve — conservator — conservatory — conservatoire — con-
servation;
7) travel — traveler — traveling — travelogue — ‘Travelodge’ (a
chain of economy or budget hotels in the US);
8) import — importer — important — importance — unimportant;
9) develop — developer — developed — development — develop-
mental — developmentally;
10) prosper — prosperous — prosperity;
11) contra — controversy — controversial — con (the pros and cons)
— contraband — contraceptive;
12) distinct — distinctly — indistinct— indistinctly — distinction —
distinctive — distinctively;
13) provide — provider — provided (that) — providing (that) — pro-
vision — provisional — provisionally — proviso.
Reading
3. Read the text and translate it. While reading the text try and
find answers to these questions:
1. How long has the term ecotourism been in existence?
2. What kind of tourism is a potentially prosperous business for this
industry?
3. What is the focus of ecotourism?
4. What kind of tourism has proven to be destructive?
EСOTOURISM
Within the past few years, the tourism industry has witnessed a phenomenon that continues to take tourists and industry leaders alike by
storm. Ecotourism, often dubbed ‘adventure tourism’, ‘responsible tourism’, or ‘sustainable tourism’, has become the fastest growing segment
within the world’s largest industry. For tourists, it is the latest trend. For
ecologists, scientists, and students, it is a life-long dream. And for the
tourism-industry leaders, it is a potentially prosperous business. But
amidst the awe of what ecotourism can provide, there has been much
confusion and controversy as to what ecotourism actually is and whether
it actually works.
Although the term may be new — it has only been in existence for
about a decade — the concept has been alive for much longer. There is
no true definition of what ecotourism really is, perhaps because it is difficult to describe and because there have been many distinct interpretations
of the concept. Whether it is called ecotourism, adventure tourism, or
128
nature travel, the definitions contain elements and concepts that are associated with what is known as sustainable development. It is believed
that tourism — ecotourism in particular — is a key tool in achieving sustainable development, which is ‘to meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own
needs’. One of the most widely accepted descriptions is that of The Ecot-
ourism Society, an organization based in the United States, in which
ecotourism is described as ‘responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and sustains the well-being of the local people’.
In the early 1970s, people in several remote areas of the world saw
that tourism could be important, however they did not want to destroy
the exotic environment that surrounded them. One such place was Cancun, Mexico. At the time, Cancun was a prime beach location, but the
number of tourists was not very high. Unlike today, there were more natives than visitors. Developers recognized the potential Cancun had and
‘drew up a master plan that placed priority on environmental protection’.
Unfortunately, Mexico began to experience political and economic instability. The recession caused the government and business leaders to
scramble to find a way to bring money into the economy — specifically,
US dollars. Tourism in Mexico was, then, one of the few industries in
the country that showed signs of growth. Instead of having environmentally friendly attractions, however, as Cancun was meant to have, it was
sacrificed in order to make room for large-scale development.
As a result, the natives were moved off their homeland and pushed
onto the side of a mountain. They live in what looks like cardboard
shacks and do not have running water or a sewage system. The area
beaches are becoming cluttered with travelers and garbage and the reef
that is found off of the coastline has been damaged by ships coming into
the wharf. Water treatment is insufficient and it is practically impossible
to meet the growing capacity requirements. Mass tourism has proven to
be destructive.
As similar stories become known to the world, ecologists, together
with tourism leaders, realize how important it is to preserve the environment so that generations to come can continue to enjoy earth’s natural
129
beauty. Because of this, most ecotourism destinations can be found in
areas with vast natural surroundings and plentiful flora and fauna. Places
like deserts, tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and ice glaciers are prime
locations. Also important in ecotourism is the presence of a culture that
is unique to the visitor. The focus of ecotourism is to provide tourists
with new knowledge about a certain natural area and the culture that is
found within, along with a little bit of adventure. As for the natives,
ecotourism is to help improve the local economy and conservation efforts. All parties are to gain a new appreciation for nature and people [1,
67—69].
Vocabulary notes
to witness (smth.) çä. наблюдать (÷òî-ëèáî); быть свиде-
телем (÷åìó-ëèáî)
to take (smb.) by storm пользоваться огромным успехом (у
êîãî-ëèáî)
alike в равной степени; точно так же
to dub (smth.) называть (÷òî-ëèáî) описательно и с
юмором; окрестить (÷òî-ëèáî), дать
прозвищe (÷åìó-ëèáî)
ecotourism [~I:kEu `tuErIzm] современная разновидность туризма,
ориентированная на знакомство с
природой и бережное отношение как
к ней, так и к экологии планеты в
целом; áóêâ. экологический туризм,
«экотуризм»
adventure tourism разновидность организованного ту-
ризма со щекочущими нервы видами
развлечений, напр., сафари, альпинизм, пешие переходы и т.п.; áóêâ.
авантюрный туризм
sustainable tourism
(= responsible tourism)
responsible tourism áóêâ. ответственный туризм см. выше
разновидность организованного туризма с упором на бережное отношение к окружающей среде и ее сохранение
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