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Файл:The English Language in Use. Everyday Life Communication. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по направлению 45.03.02 Лингвистика
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Vocabulary development (part 2)
Description of rooms
Find the English equivalents of the words to be used for general
description of a room.
Просторный, тесный, огромный, крошечный, удобный/неудобный,
уютный, хорошо обставленный, современный, старомодный,
изысканный¸ роскошный, стильный, убогий, чистый, опрятный,
светлый, безвкусный, беспорядок (бардак, хаос), неухоженный,
заброшенный, запущенный, заставленный мебелью, захламленный,
обшарпанный.
See the vocabulary section “Rooms” and consider in which
room/rooms the following items could occur. Make a table.
Toilet articles, cutlery drawer, double bed, settee, chest of drawers, cushion,
coat rack, bedside cabinet, mantle clock, pillow-case, swivel chair, room
divider, sink, pillow, linen shelf, upholstered suite, dressing stool, desk-lamp,
tapestry, shower cubicle, rocking chair, bed sheet, coffee table, wardrobe,
coverlet, waste pipe, writing set, soap dish, labor-saving gadgets.
Work with explanatory dictionaries. Here are a few synonymic
chains. The words are considered to be synonyms if they have at least
one common element of meaning. Make a group discussion and find
these common semantic elements. Then let’s undertake a deeper
semantic analysis. Think it over and find in synonymic chains the
differentiating elements of meaning for each word. These specific
semantic shades make each word peculiar and unique. Being aware of
semantic peculiarities of synonyms will prevent you from the wrong use
of these words.
Mind the typical aspects of meaning to be used in the semantic comparative
analysis (some of these items can be unimportant, in some cases you can
find additional aspects):
For nouns: size, shape, function, material, sphere of use etc.
For verbs: the way of performing the action, the subject of the action, the
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object of the action, the purpose of the action, the result of the action,
transitive/intransitive etc.
Put the results of your research in tables.
For example:
Words
Elements
of meaning
To repair To Fix To mend Examples of
use (from
explanatory
dictionaries)
Translations
of the words
and the
examples
The
common
meaning
The typical
subject
The typical
object
The kind of
damage
Tools
The result
The
figurative
use
Repair – fix – mend
Curtains – drapes – blinds – hangings
Suit – match – fit
Sitting-room – lounge
A set – a suit
A yard – a court
Place – space – spot
Comfortable – convenient
Carpet – mat – rug
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Wash sink – wash basin
Tiled – paved
Floor – storey
Sofa – divan – couch
Lodger – tenant – resident
Centre – center – middle – downtown
Learn some more words
Household appliances and utensils: ironing table (board), clothes line,
bucket (pail), vacuum cleaner, pan (dust pan), mop, cloth, automatic washing
machine, iron, broom, ladder, hoover, sponge, washing liquids and powders.
Housekeeping procedures: keep (run) the house, to clean/to do/to tidy up the
room, to air the bedroom, to sweep the floor with a broom, to wipe the tiled
floor, to dust the furniture, to scrub the floor, to polish the parquet, to empty
garbage pail (the dust bin), to make the room look spick and span, to do the
general cleaning.
Mind prepositions and phrases of location.
On the 29th floor.
At – a) the exact/particular place (They lived at 22 Oxford Street); at the top;
at the bottom; at the end of the corridor;
b) at=next to=beside
c) with the words for buildings (at the university, at the restaurant, at the
airport, at the theatre).
By=beside=near (at the side of);
Beside – next to or very close to the side of smb/smth; the table beside the
bed.
Near – not far away; Granny was always sitting near the window, she needed
fresh air. Is there any supermarket near the hotel? Which school is nearest to
your house?
Nearby (adv., adj) – not far away. Is there any eatery nearby? We dropped in
some nearby shop to buy something to eat.
Next to – very close with nothing between.
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Next door – in the next room, house or building. A big Chinese family have
just moved in next door. Next-door neighbours.
Against – a) in front of or compared to. Paintings look best against a simple
white wall;
b) against = next to (touching or being supported by smth). Let’s put the
desk against the wall. Father propped a ladder against the wall.
On the left – слева, on the right – справа, to the left of smth – слева от
чего-то, to the right of smth – справа от чего-то.
Between the sofa and the arm-chair there is a floor-lamp.
Opposite (через дорогу от чего-либо, на другой стороне комнаты).
There is a painting above the sofa.
Translate the word combinations: в кафе, на первом этаже, на верхнем
этаже, справа – два кресла, слева – диван, справа от окна, слева от
кровати, между книжным шкафом и пианино, у стены (о платяном
шкафе), ближайшие соседи, непосредственно рядом с письменным
столом, рядом с домом, напротив двери, рядом с журнальным столиком,
в центре комнаты, на полу, на верхней полке, в (выдвижном) ящике, на
фоне светлых обоев, ближайший продуктовый магазин, впритык к
раковине, у окна, сбоку от холодильника.
How to describe a room
First of all introduce some general characteristics of the room: size,
condition, atmosphere etc. ; … – designed; designed in … style.
Then probably concentrate on some static objects: walls, floor, windows.
Speak of the way the room is furnished. Is there any object which
draws your attention straight as you enter the room (the focal object)? Is
there anything in the middle of the room? What is on the left? Do any
items match? What is on the right? What makes the room especially
cosy, attractive, disgusting? Mention all the small things, Don’t forget
about colours, patterns, materials and textures (кожа/кожаный,
шерсть/шерстяной, дерево/деревянный, стекло/стеклянный,
керамика/керамический, бархат, атлас, шелк, ситец, лен,
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натуральный, искусственный, однотонный, полосатый, клетчатый,
в горошек, с цветочным (растительным, восточным,
скандинавским) орнаментом, пушистый, отполированный, гладкий,
шершавый, мягкий). What are the things made of?
What do you think of the owner of the room? What is he like? What
does he like? Express your general opinion of the room. Make some
virtual changes in the pictured room to your taste. Compare the pictured
room with yours.
Translate set-expressions. Make short stories (8-10 sentences) to
illustrate each idiom without mentioning them. Read your stories in
class. Let your group-mates guess what idioms your stories
illustrate.
To get out of bed on the wrong side, to take the chair, to give the floor, to be
used as a door-mat, to open the window to, to lock the stable door when the
horse is stolen, to knock at an open door, to climb the wall with, on the
wrong side of the door, to spy through the keyhole, to be at home in a
subject, a skeleton in the cupboard, cupboard love, soft soap, home truth, a
wet blanket, to drive smb. into a corner, to wipe the floor with smb, walls
have ears, to have one's back against the wall.
Comment on the following proverbs.
Men make houses, women make homes.
Houses are made for people, not people for houses.
● TRANSLATOR’S CORNER
Translation 1.
1. Сколько комнат в коттедже Сэндфордов? 2. Окна моей спальни
выходят на большую улицу с интенсивным движением, и меня
постоянно беспокоит шум. 3. Мои соседи считают, что лучше жить в
квартире, потому что содержать ее в порядке занимает меньше времени
и энергии. 4. Моя бабушка полагает, что в многоквартирной многоэтажке
жить опасно, потому что на вас могут напасть на лестничной клетке или
в лифте. 5. Гостиная Сэндфордов – просторная, светлая комната. Она
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уютная и хорошо обставленная. 6. Стены в детской Бенни оклеены
светлыми обоями. 7. На окнах – бархатные гардины. 8. Слева от
книжного шкафа находится мягкий диван. 9. На полу – пушистый коврик.
10. Обои гармонируют с обшивкой мебели. 11. Анна унаследовала
бабушкину квартиру. 12. Некоторые считают, что искусственные цветы
выглядят безвкусно. 13. Тюремная камера выглядела мрачно, в ней было
темно и душно (stuffy). 14. Мы живем на 5-м этаже. Когда лифт выходит
из строя, нам приходится взбираться по лестнице пешком. 15. У них за
домом есть мощеный дворик. Они используют его, чтобы есть летом и
чтобы вывешивать белье (to hang out some washing). 16. Кухня
Сэндфордов хорошо оборудована. Здесь есть микроволновка, кофеварка,
посудомоечная машина. 17. Мама говорит дочери, чтобы она выключила
духовку и открыла окно, чтобы проветрить кухню. 18. На стене –
пейзажи и натюрморты. 19. Из чего сделан столик? – Он сделан из
красного дерева. 20. Интересно, где Сэндфорды хранят садовые
инструменты? – В сарае. 21. Для чего они используют подсобное
помещение на 1-м этаже? – Они держат там стиральную машину,
пылесос, еще какую-то домашнюю технику (приборы), а также –
моющие средства.
Translation 2.
1.Шифоньер не проходил в дверь. 2. Она набрала вес (put on weight), и
теперь ее любимая бархатная юбка на нее не налазит (ей мала). 3.
Столик из красного дерева гармонирует с книжным шкафом. 4. Он был в
разных носках. 5. Письменный стол не входил в пространство между
стеной и кроватью. 6. Дорогой, я думаю, нам давно пора сделать в
квартире косметический ремонт. Обои выглядят потертыми
(поношенными), подоконники красили два года назад! К тому же, трубы
текут! Тут надо делать не только косметический, но и генеральный
ремонт. 7. Их сад выглядит запущенным (заброшенным), они не
подрезают ветви, не сжигают опавшие листья. 8. Обычно Сэндфорды
принимают гостей в гостиной. Это просторная, светлая комната с двумя
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большими окнами. Все предметы мебели здесь гармонируют друг с
другом. Мебель выглядит немного старомодно. Она принадлежала
прабабушке и прадедушке доктора Сэндфорда. Книжный шкаф, столик и
кресла сделаны из красного дерева. Антикварная мебель создает в
гостиной особую уютную атмосферу. 9. Мне подарили прекрасный
набор столовых приборов (to present smb with smth). Я храню его в
выдвижном ящике буфета. 10. Вы не скажете, где находится ближайшая
аптека? – В этом переулке, справа от итальянского ресторана. Это серое
кирпичное здание. 11. Я не хочу жить на верхних этажах, если лифт
выходит из строя, или нет электричества, приходится взбираться наверх
пешком много пролетов. 12. Соседи регулярно затапливают мою
квартиру. 13. Я вывешиваю постиранное белье во дворе. 14. Летом мы
пьем чай в беседке и любуемся красивыми клумбами и декоративными
кустарниками. 15. В качестве первого жилья молодожены могли
позволить себе только крошечную студию.
Vocabulary development (part 3)
To let, to rent, rent, to take in lodgers, real estate agency, estate agent, realtor,
advertise for a house, ad (advertisement), tenant, landlord (landlady), to offer
full board/half board, accommodation comprises, to sign a lease for some
period, to break a lease, notice of еviction, amenities, asking price, suing smb for
a breach of contract, to put down money, "All bills paid" («включая плату за
коммунальные услуги»); The rent for this house is $1000 a month. This price
is all bills paid; floor plan, a run down house, a newly renovated house in the
historic downtown, “For sale”, “For rent”, price range,
furnished/unfurnished/semi-furnished, upscale neighborhood, to share a room,
roommate, come to («итого» о цене), Laundromat, one- (two-, three-) bedroom
apartment, to make an appointment for 5 o’clock, to afford, the price is quite
realistic, no space to move around, Done. Unfortunately, it is beyond my means.
It suits me fine (well)! This way, please! … unless you invite ladies, … unless
you make a noise after 10, … unless you have some noisy hobby.
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Read and translate the dialogues. Pay attention to the pieces of
useful topical vocabulary.
LOOKING FOR ACCOMMODATION TO RENT
1.
- You take in foreign students, do you?
- Right. I hope you don’t mind sharing.
- Not at all. How much is the flat?
- 500 euro per month, including heating.
- Would it be convenient if I drop in to have a look at it right now?
- Well … It looks rather messy...We’re having it decorated at the moment.
Will Saturday do?
- Why not? See you on Saturday then.
- You’d better write down my phone number and give me a call in advance. I
can be at work, you know...
2.
- «I’ve been told you might have a vacant room.
- Yes, I’ve got a spare single.
- What are your terms?
- 3,50 for bed and breakfast.
- Could I have a look at the room?
- It’s a bit awkward just now.» (5, c. 45) We are receiving guests. Could you
call me the day after tomorrow?
- Sure!
- Oh, by the way, have you got a boy-friend?
- Don’t worry, Madam. My boy-friend lives in his own studio-flat. He won’t
disturb you.
- Ok. Don’t find me picky but I hate strangers in my flat. I suffered from a
very upsetting experience, you know...
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3.
- Could you tell me if I can find some vacancies in the neighbourhood. I’m
looking for a room. Not so expensive. I’m a student.
- Oh, actually I‘ve got a vacancy. My tenant has moved out just recently. His
things still remain in the room, but he promised to take them out tomorrow.
- Do you mind if I come in and have a look at the room?
- Come in by all means. Oh, don’t take off your shoes, the floor is dirty. My
pets, you know...
- Humm...What sort of price are you asking?
- 8, 50 a week excluding laundry. But I can do lunches.
- Well, I can afford it. When can I move in?
- I guess the following Monday will be all right. Could you show me any
original document?
- Sure. Here is my driving license.
● Learn some more information about renting
Renting a Flat in London. How the Process Works
The Stages of Househunting
1. Determine your Budget
Before starting your house hunting you need to know how much you can
afford. Council tax is usually on top of the quoted rental price so make sure to
add this into your budget. You can find advice on how to determine your
budget here or use the My Great Move budget app.
2. Choose 2 – 3 Neighborhoods
Narrow your search based on: your budget, transportation options to work /
school and the type of neighbourhood that suits you. London is huge and you
have to work with different estate agents in every neighbourhood. Pick 2-3
areas to focus your search.
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3. Search Online
Use a property search website like RightMove or Zoopla to search for
properties within your budget and in the neighborhoods you are focusing on.
Contact the estate agents to set up a viewing as soon as possible. Many estate
agents leave attractive listings online long after they have been rented or sold
so don’t be surprised if the property you want is not available.
4. View Flats
London is a very competitive market, which means attractive properties go
fast. If you find a property you like online, be prepared to set up a visit with
the estate agent that day or the next day. And if you like a property, be
prepared to make an offer shortly after viewing. This means you need to know
what you want before you view a flat.
5. Make an Offer
Congratulations! You've found the perfect flat. Now you need to pay a
holding fee to show you are serious about the property. You may want to
negotiate move in dates, painting the flat etc. as part of your offer, but be
careful, if this is a great property, there is probably going to be a lot of
competition and you may lose it to someone else if you negotiate too hard.
6. Reference Checks
Before your offer is officially accepted, you will have to go through a
reference checking process. This is managed by the estate agent but they will
use an external referencing company. You will need the name, address and
contact details for your previous landlords (usually for the past three years). If
you are new to the UK, you may also be required to include a letter from your
employer or a UK based guarantor. Once the reference company passes you,
you can sign the lease!
7. Signing the Lease
You will need to pay the security deposit and first month’s rent before signing
the lease. These are typically paid to the estate agent who then pays the
landlord. When signing the lease, everyone who will be listed on the lease
must be able to physically go to the estate agent’s office to sign the lease
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