Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:The English Language in Use. Everyday Life Communication. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по направлению 45.03.02 Лингвистика
.pdf
11
Ex.: “Sally’s short and plump. She’s in her late sixties. She’s got a square face,
shoulder-length wavy grey hair and green eyes” (32). Her nose is turned up
and she’s got quite a wide mouth.
Ex.: Mike’s tall, well-built and middle-aged. He’s got an oval face and short
gray hair. His eyes are light-blue. He has a large nose and a small well-cut
mouth.
11. These words are synonyms. Which of them are neutral, positive,
negative?
slender, thin, slight, emaciated, slim, underweight, skinny.
chubby, obese, fat, overweight, stout, plump, flabby.
12. Making comparisons. Make up sentences according to the models.
1. Masha’s hair is longer than Katya’s. 2. My friend is as muscular as her Van
Damme. 3. Sergey is not as tall as his friend.
You can use the following adjectives: slender, plump, good-looking, ugly,
kind, plain, sweet, rough, pleasant, soft, handsome, thin, etc.
Listening comprehension
13. Listen to the description of people’s appearance from different
geographical areas. What do people look like? From the following countries:
1) Scandinavian countries: Sweden, Norway, Denmark; 2) Mediterranean
countries: Greece, Spain, Italy; 3) Africa: central and southern parts; 4) Arab
countries: Libya, Iraq, Saudi Arabia; 5) Northern China.
What do people from our country look like?
Speaking
14. How do you respond to physical appearance? What do you look at
when you see a person for the first time? Are appearances deceitful?
Translation skills
15. Translate these extracts into Russian.
I. “This Superintendent was a slim creature of thirty-five, with a sandy goatee,
and short sandy hair; he wore a standing collar, whose upper edge almost
reached his ears. His chin was propped on a cravat, which was broad and long
as a bank-note. His boot toes were turned sharply up, in the fashion of the day
12
– an effect produced by the young men by sitting with their toes pressed
against a wall for hours.” (34, c. 22) (Twain M. The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer).
II. “He got up and tried to see himself in the dirty looking glass over the
wash-stand. He saw the head and face of a young fellow of twenty. Above a
square-domed forehead he saw a mop of brown hair, nut-brown, with a wave
to it and hints of curls, making hands tingle to stroke it. But he passed it by,
and dwelt long and thoughtfully on the high, square forehead. What kind of
brain lay behind it?
He wondered if there was soul in those steel-gray eyes that were often
quite blue of color and that were strong with the salty air of the sea. Well, they
were honest eyes, he concluded. The brown sunburn of his face surprised him.
His mouth might have been a cherub’s mouth, had not the full, sensuous
lips a trick of drawing firmly across he teeth. At times, so tightly did they
draw, the mouth became strong and harsh. The chin and jaw were strong and
just hunting of square aggressiveness. And between the lips were teeth that
were white and strong and regular.” (23, c. 28) (London J. Martin Eden).
III. “She was slender and graceful, so that she seemed taller than she was; she
had beautifully shaped arms and a brightness in her face. Her fair, very
slightly reddish hair flowed back from her low broad forehead; the colour
under her delicate skin was bright and quick, and her mouth always smiled
faintly. Her eyes were brightly blue except when the spirit of mischief took
her and then they became black, and there was something about the upper and
the lower lids that made them not only the prettiest but the sweetest and
kindliest eyes in the world.” (35, c. 14) (Wells H. G. The Time Machine).
16. Translate.
1. Мой отец – мужчина среднего роста, крепкого телосложения. 2. Этот
коренастый мужчина лет 48-ми, с усами и бакенбардами очень похож на
Эркюля Пуаро. 3. Моя мама – изящная женщина средних лет, с
длинными волосами, собранными назад в хвост. 4. Моя сестра –
стройная изящная брюнетка чуть ниже среднего роста. 5. Мой дедушка –
13
пожилой мужчина, мускулистый и чуть-чуть сутулый. 6. Моя подруга
очень хорошо сложена: у нее длинные ноги, тонкая талия, большая грудь.
7. Парикмахер сделал моей подруге модную прическу, и она выглядит
теперь как Пенелопа Крус. 8. Двойной подбородок, непричесанные
волосы, неаккуратная одежда, отсутствие макияжа женщину не красят.
Speaking. Situational dialogue
17. Compose the conversation between an anxious mother and a
policeman. You went to the market with your little daughter. In the crowd of
people you’ve lost her. Ask the policeman to help you to find the child. The
policeman meticulously asks the questions about what the little lady looks
like.
Reading
18. Have you got an ideal of beauty? Usually people’s ideals are embodied
in famous people; Is there a celebrated person whose appearance you consider
to be ideal?
19. Read the article about the famous American actress Daryl Hannah.
Pay attention to the italicized expressions and learn them.
“Daryl Hannah
The pretty mermaid looked up from the golden sand and the world fell
in love with her. The film was Splash, and the mermaid was the famous
actress, Daryl Hannah, who has also starred in such films as Roxanne, Blade
Runner, Kill Bill” (17).
“Daryl is tall and slender. She has got long blonde hair, large blue eyes
and stunning features. She looks fantastic in expensive clothes, but she
prefers casual clothes which show off her natural beauty” (17).
“She is more than just another pretty face, however. She is a
complicated person whose character has many sides. She is often in the
public eye, but she is actually a very shy person, who dislikes the crowds and
noise of Hollywood parties. Her shyness is a problem, which she is trying to
overcome with her friends’ help. She is not the sort of person, who expects
help without giving anything back, however. Daryl is an extremely caring
14
person, and she says that she forgets her own problems when she is helping
others. She is also a romantic who believes in true love, so she wants to find
someone very special before she starts a family” (17).
“Daryl’s lifestyle is quite simple. When she is not working, her
favourite activities are gardening, playing the piano and making pottery, all of
which reveal the creative side of her character” (17).
“Daryl may prefer to sit in the shadows at parties, but when it comes to
her beliefs, she is not afraid to speak her mind. She has strong views on the
environment. She believes that our modern lifestyle is destroying the
environment” (17).
“Underneath the success, shyness and simple lifestyle are Daryl’s very
strong views on life. As she says,” (17) “Find out what is important to you –
and don’t be afraid to live it!” (17).
“It is a pleasure to meet an actress who remains down-to-earth and
sincere in a world where fame and success can often harm ones character”
(17).
20. Reread the article and sort out the information of this article in
accordance with the columns in the following table. Then retell the story
about Daryl Hannah.
Appearance Character Hobbies Beliefs
21. Describe the appearance, character and lifestyle of your favourite
celebrity. It may be an actor, a singer, a writer, a composer, a sportsman, a
showman, a politician, etc. Concentrate special attention on the description of
the appearance of this person. Don’t say his/her name, let the rest of the group
guess who it is. For the proper description process study the theory section
(Describing people).
15
Module 1. Describing people
Part 2. CHARACTER
Opposites. Positive / negative meaning.
Positive Negative
optimistic (thinks positively)
warm and friendly
flexible
generous (happy to give/ to share)
cheerful (happy and smiling)
nice, pleasant
strong
relaxed and easy-going
sensitive
kind
hard-working
honest (always tells the truth)
clever, bright (inf)
reliable
ambitious
punctual (always on time)
pessimistic (thinks negatively)
cold and unfriendly
“inflexible (a very fixed way of
thinking; unable to change)” (24)
mean (never gives to others)
miserable (always seems unhappy)
horrible, unpleasant
weak
tense (not calm; worries a lot;
nervous)
insensitive (doesn’t care about other
people’s feelings)
unkind
lazy (never does any work)
dishonest
stupid, thick (inf)
“unreliable (you cannot trust/
depend on someone like this)” (24)
“unambitious (no desire to be
successful and get a better job)” (24)
“unpunctual (always late)” (24)
1. “Jane is very tense at the moment because of her exams, but she’s usually
quite relaxed and easy-going about most things” (2).
2. “I think the weather influences me a lot: when it’s sunny, I feel more
cheerful and optimistic; but when it’s cold and raining, I get very miserable”
(2).
16
3. “He seemed a bit unfriendly at first, but now I’ve got to know him and I
realize he’s very warm and kind” (2).
4. “The shop assistant told me that the dress I tried on looked better on
people younger than me. I thought that was very insensitive of her, but at least
she was being honest, I suppose” (2).
Sometimes opposites don’t express a negative or a positive meaning definitely.
1. “He is very shy when you first meet him because he finds it difficult to talk
to people and make conversation; but when he knows people quite well, he’s
much more self-confident” (2).
2. “People often say the British are very reserved (do not show their feelings),
but when you get to know them, they can be very emotional like anyone else”
(2).
Often important qualities of character are realized through nouns.
1. “One of her great qualities is that she uses her initiative (she can think for
herself and take the necessary action; she does not need to wait for orders all
the time)” (2).
2. “That boy has got no common sense (he does stupid things and doesn’t
think what he is doing). His sister, on the other hand, is very sensible (has lots
of common sense)” (2).
Set expressions: keep/control one’s temper; to lose one’s temper; put sb out
of temper; ill nature; good nature; sober-minded; short temper
(вспыльчивость, горячность); quite a character (большой оригинал);
recover one’s temper (взять себя в руки); self-disciplined; simple-minded
(простодушный); split personality (противоречивый характер).
Words of wisdom. Honesty is the best policy. Man’s character is his fate. A
man never discloses his own character so clearly as when he describes
another’s. “Every man has three characters – that which he exhibits, that
which he has, and that which he thinks he has” (28). That which is called
firmness in a king is called obstinacy in a donkey. “He that is full of himself is
very empty” (28). The leopard cannot change his spots. Extremes meet.
17
Reading
1. Do you know anything about face reading/ physiognomy? People
believe that all our facial features are linked to various aspects of our
personality. What do you think about it? Can we find out about someone’s
personality taking a look at his facial features?
2. Read the text, learn the italicized words, and be ready to explain what
these qualities in people mean.
“Forget about fortune tellers and horoscopes. The shape of a person’s
lips can say a lot about them. The 5.000-year-old art of face reading is gaining
popularity. So, take a look at the shape of someone’s lips to find out about
their personality…” (17).
“People with full lips are usually responsible. You can always trust
them to do what you ask them to do. They are also decisive; they make
decisions quickly. On the other hand, they tend to be rather bossy. They like
telling other people what to do!” (17).
“People who have a thin upper lip and full lower lip are energetic. They
work very hard and like participating in a lot of activities. They are ambitious
as well; they want to be successful in life. However, these people tend to be
self-centred. They seem to only care about themselves and they sometimes
forget about other people’s feelings” (17).
“People with thin lips are determined; they know what they want and
they do all they can to get it. They are careful people who do their work with
a lot of attention and thought. However, they tend to be reserved; they don’t
like showing their feelings or expressing their opinions. They can also be
mean; they don’t like sharing things or spending money” (17).
“People who have lips with down-turning corners are very generous.
They love giving things to other people and helping them. They are also
intelligent” (32) “and understand difficult subjects quickly and easily. On the
other hand, they can be sensitive at times; they get upset easily, so be careful
of what you say to them” (17).
Look at each other’s lips and talk about your characters.
18
3. What else can we find out about personality judging by the facial
features? The size and form of chin; the shape and length of nose, the type
and size of forehead; occurring wrinkles; the form of eyebrows; the colour,
size of eyes and distance between them; face shape in general, etc.
Note. When you talk about negative qualities, you should use such
expressions as he tends to/ he can be … at times, not to sound too categoric.
Ex.: He is helpful. However to tends to be arrogant at times.
Exercises on Module 1. Describing people
Part 2. Character
4. Use negative prefixes to form the opposite meaning of the adjectives.
friendly, honest, kind, reliable, ambitious, sensitive, responsible, pleasant,
decisive, confident, flexible, punctual.
5. Form the nouns from these adjectives using the necessary suffixes.
optimistic, lazy, generous, stupid, strong, shy, arrogant, reliable, courageous,
flexible, cowardly, hypocritical, tense, warm, responsible, pessimistic,
friendly, ambitious, good-matured, punctual, confident, sensitive, kind.
Personality and Colour
6. Professor Max Schmidt is a psychologist. He believes that people’s
favourite colours tell us a lot about their personality. If you like:
Red – you are extravagant (you like good life and spending money);
Blue – a bit immature (seem younger than other people of your age);
Yellow – quite independent and like being alone;
Green – lively and energetic;
Violet – easygoing and calm;
Pink – sometimes thoughtless
Do you agree or disagree? Compare this opinion with the one below.
Listening comprehension
7. Listen to another psychologist’s point of view on how colours can
describe people and their personalities. What are the people like who prefer
wearing this or that colour according to his opinion? Do you agree with him?
19
What is your favourite colour? What does it say about your personality? Ask
your friend what his/her favourite colour is.
8. Find the suitable adjectives to characterize the people. Use the
vocabulary from exercise 6.
1. You don’t need other people. 2. You don’t think before doing sth. 3. Young
for your age. 4. Full of life and energy. 5. You like spending money. 6. Very
relaxed not in a hurry.
9. How ca you characterize a person who:
“can work and works a lot” (25) – ……; never speaks about himself – ……;
gives others his last – ……; is very hard to get along with – ……; is very
quick to get offended – ……; offends and insults other people – ……;
“always achieves the aim he puts before himself” (25) – …….; is fond of
praising his own deeds – ……; is impolite to other people – ……; will always
say what he thinks – ……; doesn’t like to show his feelings – ……; “smiles
much and is usually in a good mood” (25) – ……; wants what other people
have – ……; is not afraid of anything – ……; doesn’t like to give away any
thing of his – …… .
Choose from: generous, cruel, industrious, boastful, modest, touchy,
obstinate, rude, reserved, persistent, frank, shy, cheerful, brave, greedy,
envious, boring, reasonable, well-bred, ill-bred, jealous, mean, just, decent,
bright.
10. Make nouns of adjectives and use them in the sentences.
“We respect honest people. – We respect people for their honesty” (2).
“We respect modest people. Teachers do not respect lazy students. I respect
my friend as he is frank. We all dislike Igor because he is rude. Nobody likes
greedy people” (2). Certainly we like generous people. I hate him as he is
selfish. All of us respected Andrew because he was kind.
11. Find as many pairs of opposite as possible.
reserved, lively, talkative, polite, aggressive, boring, hard-working, inflexible,
lazy, inscrutable, cheerful, frank, hypocritical, genuine, eccentric, fun, wellorganized, male-chauvinist, flamboyant, unpunctual.
20
Speaking
12. Choose adjectives to describe your teacher, your desk mate, your
neighbour, your cat (or any other pet). Illustrate the chosen words with
concrete examples and facts.
13. Which qualities are important in those people? – a friend, a boss, a
wife/husband, a girl-friend/boy-friend, a parent, a grandparent. Why?
14. How many people are there in your family? What does each person
look like? What is each person like?
15. Compose a small description of a person in your life whom you like
very much. Start each word with a letter of the name. Gill – generous,
interesting, laughs a lot, likes having fun.
16. How would you describe someone who is pleasant, bossy, spoilt,
sensible, sensitive, sociable, courageous, selfish, imaginative, efficient,
careful, straightforward, balanced, cunning, fair, arrogant?
National character
Listening comprehension
17. Listen to the description of what the Spanish people are like. Make
notes and then talk about the Spanish.
Reading
18. Are the people’s personalities and nature influenced by the
geographical position of the place they were born, the climate, the history
and the customs of their nation? Or these are just mere stereotypes?
19. Read the text and memorize the main stereotypical features.
“English people as they are
Almost every nation has a reputation of some kind. The French are gay
and fond of Champagne. The Germans are dull, formal, fond of military
uniforms. The Americans are boastful, energetic, sociable and vulgar” (31).
“Great Britain is an island and this fact played a very important part in
many aspects of its history. England’s geographical position influenced some
typical English features such as egoism, a strong sense of individualism and
intolerance of outsiders, independence and self-confidence, a strong belief in
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]