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Файл:The English Language in Use. Everyday Life Communication. Учебное пособие для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по направлению 45.03.02 Лингвистика
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private property and love of comfort. The English are known as economically
rational people”(31).
“One of the most striking features of the English is their self-disciple
and courtesy of people of all classes. There’s little noisy behaviour and
practically no loud disputing in the street. People do not rush for seats in
buses and trains. You may be struck by the fact that life in Britain is less noisy.
They also have a strong sense for public order” (31).
“Englishmen are naturally polite and always say “Thank you”, “I beg
your pardon”. Many foreigners have commented on remarkable politeness of
the English people. If you follow the man who is entering the building, he
will hold the door open for you. It is no exaggeration to say that they have the
best manners in the world, they all know how to hold their knife and fork and
how to behave in society. Besides they are never rude. Coarse expressions are
hardly ever used” (31).
“The apparent coldness of Englishmen has been almost universally
noted by the foreigners. But they also confess that once one gets to know an
Englishman better, he turns out to be a very companionable fellow” (31).
“English people don’t like displaying their emotions even in tragic
situations and ordinary people remain good-tempered and cheerful under
difficulties. The English doesn’t like any boasting or showing off in manners,
dress or speech. Sometimes they conceal their knowledge: for example, a
linguist may not mention of his knowledge of a foreign language” (31).
“The Englishman prefers to have his own house rather than a flat
because he doesn’t wish to be overlooked by his neighbours. An
Englishman’s house is his fortress. The English are stay-at-home people.
“There is no place like home” they say. When they don’t work, they like to
spend their days off at home with their families. The Englishmen are very
good to their wives at home in many ways, in doing the house, for example.
Englishmen are very fond of fire-places, that’s why many of them prefer the
open fire to central heating” (31).
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20. Practise the dialogue “A Visit” (Аракин В. Д. 1 курс, p. 54) for proper
phonetic reading. Mark stresses and tunes. Read it as many times as to be sure
you can imitate it in the way the English with the perfect accent do. Memorize
it. For good and proper phonetic reading see the theoretical notes (I.).
Project
21. Prepare the description of the national character. Choose any
nationality you like.
Listening comprehension
22. Are you a relaxed person? Listen to some people talking about what
they usually do to feel relaxed and how they relax after the working day.
Then speak about yourself.
Speaking. Situational dialogues
23. Compose the conversation with your friend. You’ve quarrelled with
your boy-friend. You are going to split up with him because ….., but mostly
because he has a lot of bad traits of character. You’re complaining of him to
your best friend, but she tries to persuade you that he has a lot of good traits
as well.
Translation skills
24. Translate. Use the vocabulary of the topics appearance and
personality.
1. Анна, 19 лет, стройная длинноногая блондинка, среднего
телосложения, с карими глазами. Работаю парикмахером, также люблю
шить, рисовать, ходить на выставки и в кино. Хотела бы познакомиться с
привлекательным, спокойным, творческим молодым человеком без
вредных привычек. 2. Ирина, 22, стройного телосложения, выше
среднего роста, с кучерявыми волосами ярко рыжего цвета и зелеными
глазами, обладаю талантом притягивать успех. У меня отличный вкус,
твердые взгляды на жизнь и великолепное чувство юмора. Хочу
встретить умного, порядочного, делового, независимого и
ответственного мужчину. 3. Валентина, 30, 170 см, 50 кг,
сногсшибательная внешность, миндалевидные глаза, хорошо сложена;
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характер – эмоциональная, общительная, уступчивая и заботливая. Я бы
хотела встретить здравомыслящего, обеспеченного молодого человека,
готового завести семью. 4. – Он такой же терпеливый, как и его отец? –
Нет, он гораздо терпеливее. 5. – Он такой же молодой, как и его друг? –
Нет, он на 5 лет старше Вовы. 6. – На сколько лет Аня старше Кати? – На
полтора года. 7. – Она не такая хорошо образованная, как ее сестра. – Да,
я согласна. Ее сестра гораздо начитаннее и умнее ее. 8. – Они похожи
друг на друга? – Да, как две капли воды. Они и по характеру похожи. Он
такой же упрямый, как и его брат.
Project
25. Prepare a composition depicting the person who has had a great
influence in your life. There are some clues for you how to organize it in
theory section (Describing people) v and one example below. The order of the
paragraphs of the composition below is not correct; do not forget to put them
in the right order. When writing a composition of your own, concentrate your
special attention on the personality of the person described.
“Julie is quite short and slim. She’s got a round face with beautiful
almond-shaped eyes and a slightly upturned nose. She often wears her shoulderlength fair hair in a pony-tail. Julia prefers comfortable clothes and can often be
seen wearing a blue jumper, a pair of denim jeans and trainers” (16).
“Over the years, I have shared many good times with Julie. She has been
one of my best and most trusted friends. I feel fortune to have met her” (16).
“I’ve known Julie since my first day at school, when we were only five.
I can remember her smiling face as the teacher, Mrs. Snow, asked me to share
the same desk with her” (16).
“One of Julie’s favourite hobbies is cycling. She also enjoys reading
people’s horoscopes and trying to predict what will happen in the future. Julie
likes going to the cinema and is especially fond of adventure films” (16).
“Although Julie is quite reserved, she is a kind person who will listen to
your problems and try to help you. She is also quite active and enjoys outdoor
activities” (16).
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MODULE 2. FAMILY
Part 1. Family relationships. Parents and children
Vocabulary
Relatives – “members of your family, also called relations” (24)
- by birth & – by marriage
Male Female
“your parents’ parents” (18) grandfather grandmother
“your grandparents’ parents” (18) great-grandfather great-grandmother
“your parents’ brother and sister” (18) uncle(s) aunt(s) (auntie)
“your aunt’s/ uncle’s children” (18) cousin(s) cousin(s)
your second aunt’s/ uncle’s children second cousin(s) second cousin(s)
“the brother and sister of the person
you marry” (18)
brother-in-law sister-in-law
“your brother’s/ sister’s children” (18) nephew(s) niece(s)
y
our brother’s/ sister’s grandchildren grand nephew(s) grand niece(s)
“your mother or father remarries, so
you have a” (18)
step-father step-mother
The son
/ daughter of the person one of
your parents has married
step-brother step-sister
Family relationships
to be related to – to belong to the same family
an immediate family – your closest relations such as your parents, children,
husband or wife. For ex.: “My immediate family are my dad, mum and two
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sisters.” (19)
blood relative/ distant relative
next of kin – the person or group of people you are most closely related to.
For ex.: “When you apply for a passport, you have to name your next of kin
in case there is an emergency while you are away travelling.” (19)
“close-knit – involving groups of people in which everyone supports each
other.” (7)
“family ties – the sense of connection between family members.” (7)
“family man – a man who enjoys being at home with his wife and children.”
(7)
family life. For ex.: “My husband and I enjoy doing lots of activities with our
children and we all have a great family life together.” (19)
“family background – the details of a person's family regarding education,
social status, etc.” (7)
“to care for – to provide the things someone needs, especially someone who is
young, old, or ill.” (24)
household – all the people who live in one house. For ex.: “There are now
only three people in my household as my older brother has gone away to
university.” (19)
Parents and children
Son/ sonny, daughter/ little daughter, mum(my)/ mom, dad(dy)/ pa, sibling
(your brother (bro) or sister (sis)), halfsister/ halfbrother, twins/ identical
twins, triplets, sons-in-law, an illegitimate son, an only child
descendants/ ancestors
motherhood/ fatherhood (the state of being a mother/father)
to start a family – to have children
to give birth – to have a baby
offspring– a person's child
“to raise a child/ to bring up – to take care of a child until they become an
adult.” (18)
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upbringing. For ex.: “I was fortunate to have a good upbringing but not all
children have caring parents who look after them well and teach them the
right way to behave.” (19)
“to support a family – to have enough money to be able to look after a family.”
(7). For ex.: “Egor earned very low wages and had to work two jobs to
support his family.” (19)
“breadwinner– the member of a family who earns most of the money that the
family needs.” (24). For ex.: “In many countries men are expected to be the
breadwinner in a family.” (19)
“dependant – someone who depends on you in financial support such as a
child or a family member who does not work.” (24)
“to adopt – to legally take another person's child into your own family and
take care of them as your own child.” (18)
“to foster – to take care of someone else’s child, usually for a limited time,
without becoming the child's legal parent.” (18)
over-protective parents. For ex.: “Overprotective parents can prevent their
children from building confidence and independence.” (19)
“spoilt child – a child who shows bad behaviour because they have been
allowed to do or have anything they want.” (18)
“stay at home parent/ stay at home mum – a parent who stays at home to take
care of their children rather than going out to work.” (19)
“to look after – to take care of (24)
“childcare – the care of children, especially by a crèche [kreɪʃ], nursery or
childminder while parents are working.” (24)
strict/ “authoritarian – demanding that people obey completely and refusing to
allow them the freedom to act as they wish.” (19)
“generation – all the people of about the same age within a society or within a
particular family.” (7)
older generation/ younger generation
elder (adjective) – elder brother
elders
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older (adverb in comparative degree). For ex.: “My elder brother is 25. He is
6 years older than me. I am 6 years younger than my brother.” (19)
“sibling rivalry – the feeling of competitiveness that often exists between
brothers and sisters.” (24)
“generation gap – a difference of opinions between one generation and
another regarding beliefs and attitudes, often leading to a lack of
understanding between them.” (7)
“adolescent– a young person who is developing into an adult.” (24)
to respect their elders (adults, parents)
to be senior/ junior to sb – to be sb’s senior/ junior (in a family, at work)
to look like sb, to take after sb, to inherit sth from sb, to come in one’s genes,
to look alike, to resemble
“to run in the family – a common feature in a family that is passed from
parents to children.” (24). For ex.: “Artistic ability seems to run in the family.”
(19)
“hereditary – passed from the genes of a parent to a child.” (24). For ex.:
“Diabetes is hereditary in our family so I make sure that I eat healthily and
keep fit to lessen my chances of getting it.” (19).
Family names
“When you are born, your family gives you a first name, e.g. James, Kate,
Sarah and Alex are common first names in Britain. Your family name (also
called your surname or last name) is the one that all the family share e.g.
Smith, Brown, Jones, and O’Neill are common surnames in Britain. Some
parents give their children a middle name (like a first name), but you do not
usually say this name. Your full name is all the names you have, e.g. Sarah
Jane Smith” (2).
Patronymic, maiden name, nickname, pet name, namesake.
Friends
“an old friend (someone you have known for a long time)” (2)
“a close friend (a good friend; someone you like and trust)” (2)
“your best friend (the one friend you feel closest to)” (2)
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oldest friend
colleagues – people we work with
a mate – a good friend or a person you share a room(flat) with – schoolmate,
classmate, flatmate, shipmate
a fellow, fellow student, companion
an acquaintance.
Idioms on topic
on speaking terms – friendly enough to talk. For ex.: “My parents have had
a big argument and are not on speaking terms at the moment.” (19)
“a chip off the old block – the person is very similar (in character and
personality) to one of their parents” (19). For ex.: “Sanjay is always
cracking jokes, just like his father. He’s a real chip off the old block.” (19)
“to follow in someone’s footsteps – to do the same thing as someone else
did previously, especially someone in your family” (24). For ex.: “I want
to follow in my father’s footsteps and become a doctor like he is.” (19)
“spitting image – to look extremely similar to someone” (24). For ex.:
“Cher is the spitting image of her mother.” (19)
“to wear the trousers – to be the person in a family who holds the authority
and makes decisions” (24). For ex.: “My dad likes to think that he’s in
charge but it’s my mother who wears the trousers in our house.” (24)
“black sheep (of the family) – someone who brings shame to their family
by being different or doing something wrong” (24). For ex.: “My brother
first started getting into trouble with the police when he was a teenager and
he’s become the black sheep of the family.” (24)
like two peas in a pod – almost identical in appearance
Module 2. Family
Part 2. Love and marriage
Vocabulary
to date sb/ to go out with sb, to have(make) a date, to court sb/ make love to
sb
to propose to sb, to accept/ turn down a proposal
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to be engaged to sb, an engagement
to marry sb, to be married to sb, a married couple, marriage, spouses
in-laws
to divorce sb, to be divorced, to get/ give a divorce, a single-parent family
to live together, to be separated
to be widowed, to be dead/ alive
“to desert – to leave someone without help or in a difficult situation and not
come back” (24). For ex.: “My father deserted mum when I was young and
my mother has brought me up on her own.” (24)
to be married/ single/ bachelor/ spinster/ divorced/ widow(F),/ widower(M)
“ex-husband/ wife/ boyfriend/ girlfriend (we had in the past but do not have
now)” (24)
to marry sb to sb, to marry sb off, to marry for love/ convenience/ money
a match-maker, a perfect match, a registry office, marriage agreement
a lover, a steady boy/ girlfriend, ex-boy/ girlfriend
fiancé (M)/ fianceé (F) (you are engaged to) – husband-to-be/ wife-to-be.
a (bride) groom/ a bride, a bridesmaid/ a best man
newly-weds/ just married
a wedding (day, dress/ gown, suit, anniversary, ring, ceremony, present)
to love, a love at first sight, to be in love, “to fall in love/ to fall out of love
with sb” (24)
“to be head over heels in love with sb” (24)
to fancy, miss, idolize, adore, respect, worship, admire, look up to sb
to dislike, hate, can’t stand, loathe, despise, turn sb off, look down on sb
to get on/ along well with each other – “to have a good relationship” (25)
“not to see eye to eye” (32) – to argue a lot, to disagree
to have a row, to fall out with sb – to have an argument, to have a falling out,
to have a disagreement
to break up, to split up – to end the relationship
to break off sth (an engagement)
to have a (love) affair with sb – a sexual relationship, usually secret
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to make it up/ to make peace – be friends again after a row
“family gathering/ family get-together – an informal event where family
members meet up” (18). For ex.: “We’re having a family get-together to
celebrate my mother’s birthday.” (18).
Study the synonyms and antonyms of love & hate. Use them in your
situations.
“Like, love, adore, worship, idolize; dislike, hate, can’t stand, loathe; respect,
look up to, admire; look down on, despise; attract, turn sb on; repel, turn sb
off; be attracted to sb, fancy” (2).
Exercises on Module 2. Family
Part 1. Family relationships. Parents and children
1. A Family-Tree:
1) Find In the Internet The Family-Trees of well-known Royal Families.
Present them in class. Say what relation the off-springs of these familytrees are to each other. For example: What relation is Queen Elizabeth to
Prince Harry? – She is his grand-mother.
2) Make the Family-Tree of Your own family
2. Study the italicized idioms and phrases expressing different forms of
relationships.
1. “Jo and I get on well with each other” (2). 2. “Adrian and Liz don’t see eye
to eye” (2). 3. “I’ve fallen out with my parents again” (2). 4. “Tony and Jane
have broken up/ split up” (2). 5. “My sister is having an affair with her boss”
(2). 6. “Children should respect their elders” (2). 7. “Let’s try and make it up”
(2). 8. “She is my junior, so she does what she is told (I’m her senior, I’m
senior to her)” (2).
3. Correct the sentences with the mixed idioms.
1. “Jo and Phil don’t get on eye to eye with each other” (2). 2. “I fell up with
my parents, but it wasn’t my fault” (2). 3. “We had a quarrel but now we’ve
made it well” (2). 4. “Do you think Jim and Nora are making an affair?” (2). 5.
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