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Файл:Focus on topics. Family & work. A Guide for students and teachers. Учебное пособие
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3. left the соmpаnу =…………………
4. was given а better position in the соmpаnу =……………..
5. future possibilities in а job =………………………..
6. stopped working for ever = ………………………
7 .workers in а соmpаnу = ………………………..
20. Find the logical answer оn the right for eасh of the questions оn the left.
1. Why did they sack him? a. Because bе was nearly 65.
2. Why did they promote him? b. Because bе was late for work
every day.
3. Why did bе apply for the job? c. Because bе needed more training.
4. Why did bе retire? d. Because bе was out of work.
5. Why did bе resign? e. Because bе was the best person in
the department.
6. Why did hе go оn the course? f. Because bе didn't like his boss.
21.Complete these sentences with а suitable word от phrase.
1. I don't want а full-time job. I'd prefer tо work……………
2. She' d like to go оn another training………………………
3. I'm bored in mу job. I need а fresh……………………….
4. Не works оn а stall in the…………………………………
5. At the end of this year we should get а good pay…………
6. She's got more than а hundred workers under……………
7. I didn't know bе was the new manager. When did hе take ?
8. It´s a boring job and the pay is awful. Why did he………..?
THE WORKPLACE
Job training Профессиональное обучение
саrееr gиadance профессиональная ориентация
а саrееr adviser советник по профориентации
to make plans for the fиtиre строить планы на будущее
а training scheme программа обучения
to do а coиrse, bе оп а trainiпg period проходить курс обучения,
стажировку
а coиrse, а traiпing period, а session курс обучения, стажировка
aп apprentice ученик
61
а trainee, а coиrse participant, стажер
ап intern (US)
а sandwich coиrse курс обучения, чередующий
теорию с практикой
vocational trainiпg alternating профессиональное (техническое)
with lessons обучение, чередующееся с
уроками
getting iпto the job market профессиональное трудоустройство
а competitive exam(inaction) конкурс
to traiп обучаться
to retrain переобучаться
to bе qиalified получать квалификацию
а skill умение, мастерство, навык
reqиiremeпt требование
ап assessmeпt оценка, оценивание
the kпow-how ноу-хау, секрет профессии,
производства
The job тarket Рынок труда
thе workiпg populatioп работоспособное население
to look for а job искать работу
to apply for a job подавать заявление, обращаться о
приеме на работу
an employment agency агентство по трудоустройству
a job ceпter центр по трудоустройству
a job оffer предложение работы
to look through the classified ads искать по газетным объявлениям
to тake ап appoiпtтent назначать встречу
to fill in a form заполнять анкету
to provide refereпces предоставлять рекомендации
a positioп должность
ап аrеа with good prospects cфера деятельности с хорошими
перспективами
аn аrеа with рооr prospects сфера деятельности с плохими
перспективами
labour рабочая сила
job opportunities вакансии
а temporary coпtract срочный (трудовой) контракт
а permanent contract бессрочный (трудовой) контракт
62
а secure job надежное рабочее место
to hirе, take оn(аs) брать/ принимать на работу (в
качестве)
earnings, salary заработок, заработная плата
to get somebody to pull получать протекцию от кого-л.
strings fоr oneself
а саrееr карьера
to сlimb up the ladder подниматься по (служебной)
лестнице
to bе promoted получать повышение (по службе)
to fire, to lау off увольнять
to bе self-employed работающий на себя, занятый
собственным бизнесом;
принадлежащий к свободной
профессии
to temp работать временно
to work at home работать на дому
The company Предприятие
an executive должностное лицо, администратор
a top executive представитель высшего
административно-
управленческого персонала
management администрация, менеджмент
а chairтaп, а тaпagiпg director, президент, управляющий,
а СЕО (chief executive officer) генеральный директор
to be in charge of отвечать за, руководить чем-л.
to run, to be at the head of руководить, быть во главе чего-л.
busiпess дело
to do bиsiпess with вести дела с
profitable выгодный, доходный,
рентабельный
to show profits давать прибыль
а loss убыток
profitability рентабельность
ап employee наемный служащий
an employer работодатель
the boss хозяин, шеф, босс
the staff штат служащих, персонал
63
a factory (Вr), а plant (US) фабрика, завод
a partner партнер
corporate (adj.) корпоративный
The office В офисе
office hours
office work
a computer
computer science
the mail
paperwork
telecommuting
a teleworker
to file
to perform
to hold a meeting
an assignment
a bilingual secretary
en executive secretary
to type
to shorthand
a task
to be efficient
to count on
copy
a civil servant
a white-collar worker
a blue-collar worker
Working conditions
the (35-hour) working week
seasonal work
temporary work
moonlighting
to work overtime
flexible hours
working hours
часы работы <учреждения>
канцелярская I офисная работа
компьютер
информатика
почта
работа с документами
дистанционная работа
дистанционный работник
классифицировать, разбирать дела
выполнять
собирать собрание
задание
секретарь со знанием двух языков
секретарь директора
печатать на машинке
стенографировать
задание
быть эффективным
рассчитывать на
(фото) копировать
служащий
«белый воротничок», конторский
служащий
«синий воротничок», рабочий
Условия труда
(35-часовая) рабочая неделя
сезонная работа
временная работа
ночная работа
работать сверхурочно
гибкий график работы
рабочие часы
64
a day off
выходной день, отгул
a public holiday
pay rise (Br), pay raise (US)
job sharing
a sick leave
to go on a maternity leave
a rewarding job
a low-paid job
to do odd jobs, to work on a side
to work shifts
lunch break
to commute
business ethics
unemployment
strike
22. Find the words corresponding to the definitions.
1. The amount of money you earn when you work: ….……………….
2. Be employed for a short time: ..…….…………………….………..
3. Person who runs a department or holds any senior position: ………
4. Connected with a large business (adj): ……………………………..
5. Travel to and from work every day …………… …………………..
6. That shows profits (adj): …………………………………………..
государственный праздник
повышение зарплаты
раздельная ставка
отпуск по болезни, бюллетень
уходить в декретный отпуск
работа за вознаграждение
низкооплачиваемая работа
выполнять случайную работу,
работать на стороне
работать посменно
обеденный перерыв
ездить на работу
бизнес-этика
безработица
забастовка
23. Translate into Russian.
1. She has a head for business.
2. We looked through the ads.
3. Our partner has been on a sick leave for three weeks.
4. For the moment he only has a temporary contract.
5. This intern seems to have the required skills.
24. Put the following actions into the right sequence of events.
a) secure a job - b) make an appointment - c) look for a job - d) make
plans for the future - e) apply for a job - t) go to an interview - g)
provide references - h) climb up the ladder - i) show one's know-how.
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25. Select a word for each blank from the following list: a - tasks - working
may (not)/m
ight (not)
can't, cannot
IMPOSSIBILITY
needn't, need not
may/can
PERMISSION
may not/can't, cannot
LACK OF PER
MISSION
must (not)
, mustn't' can't, cannot
PROHIBITION
can ABILITY
can't
cannot
INABILITY
- slacking - overtime - hour - laws - hours - commuting - a retrace –
a horse - self-employed - boss - a workaholic.
His…………habits were legendary. He could work sixteen………..
a day, six days………………. .week, and would have nothing to do
with the new…………………………. that had been passed and the
35-……………… ….week. He was………………….. and his own
………….................... …anyway……………. had to be performed,
deadlines had to be met. Working…………………was no problem,
neither was……………… for long hours every day: on the job was
not for him. Life was…………………… ……….he acknowledged
willingly, and he didn't mind working like……………………… ….or
being branded……… .
* * *
G r a m m a r r e v i s i o n
Modal verbs theory
The table below shows the different ideas that the modal verbs
could, may, might, must, need and should
can express.
can
Table 5
can could
must (not), mustn't/should (not ),
shouldn't
POSSIBILITY
NECESSITY /
OBLIGATION
LACK OF NECESSITY /
LACK OF OBLIGATION
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NOTES
1.
may
is more commonly used than
2.
should
i)
You should return things you've borrowed.
ii) general obligation, but less forceful than
I
(but perhaps I won't).
cf. I must finish that report this afternoon.
(so I definitely will finish it).
3.
can
However,
Can I leave this till tomorrow?
than:
May I leave this till tomorrow
26. A
1. When Carol’ve passed her driving test, she ______hire a car
2. When the fog lifts we ______ see where we are.
3. You’ve put too much in your suitcase you never ______ carry it.
4. ______ you use the word processor?
5. He ______ skate all day and dance all night.
B Insert the correct form of
1. He said that it ______ snow.
2. ______ I give you the hand with the dishes?
3. You should buy now; prices ______ go up.
4. ______ leave it with you?
5. I’d have thought you ______ remember your mother’s birthday.
C
1. You ______ read this book, it’s great.
2. She felt unwell and ______ leave early.
3. I hadn’t enough cash and I ______ pay by a cheque card.
indicates:
moral obligation;
should finish that report this afternoon
and
may
are both used to indicate permission.
may
tends to be more formal and tentative.
Modal verbs exercises
Fill in the blanks with
from Jane.
Fill in the blanks with
can
must
can
to indicate possibility.
must
;
.
is more informal and more direct
?
or
be able
may/might.
or
in different tenses.
have to.
67
4. You ______ do what mother says.
5. British pupils ______ stay at school till the age of 16.
D Fill in the blanks with
1. You ______ring the bell, I’ve got a key.
2. Exit doors
3. You ______ drink this, it is poison.
4. We ______ drive fast. We have a lot of time.
5. You ______ drive fast; there is a speed limit.
______ be blocked during the performance.
mustn’
t or
needn’t
.
E Choose the correct answer according to tense and meaning.
1. If I had a car I (would drive/will drive) to my office every day.
2. Gregory (would have gone/would go) on a boating trip to Lake
Michigan if he had been free.
3 Lora was not in school yesterday. She (will have/may have
had) an accident.
4. He said he could manage for the time being but he (needed/
would need) some help later.
5. Bet was supposed to be home at 7 o’clock. She (must forget/
must have forgotten) about Sharon’s visit.
F Match the two parts of the sentences.
1. Don’t worry; …
2. What is done …
3. How dare you …
4. The book must be …
5 You might have offered your help …
6. I can play tennis well …
7. I must have seen you somewhere; …
8. You needn’t hurry; …
9. I can hardly go away …
10. Bill was to have started work last week, ...
a. … a great success with the readers.
b. … and leave you alone.
c. … they might be going here and will be here in a moment.
68
d. … the train is leaving at 11:00.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
can
→ could
“We can
wait,” they said.
must
→ had to, must
“I must finish this work”, she said.
may
→ might
“It m
a
y rain”, he said.
shall
→ should
“I shall do it”, she said.
will
→ would
“I’ll wait for you”, she said.
e. … cannot be undone.
f. … but he changes his mind.
g … when he got into trouble.
h. …your face is familiar to me.
i. … say such things.
j. …but I’m unable to play now, I’m not well..
G Give advice or make a recommendation. Use the modal verbs.
1. I overslept again this morning.
2. Someone’s stolen my wallet.
3. Betty got terribly sun burnt yesterday.
4. We’re spending our holidays in Florida next summer.
5. You’re always late for work.
Direct and indirect speech theory
The table below shows the modal auxiliaries change in direct and reported
(by someone else) situations.
Table 6
They said ( that) they could wait.
She said that she had to finish
(must finish) the work.
He said that it might rain.
She said she should do that.
She said she would wait for me.
69
Table 6 (continued
) No change:
would →
should →
ought →
“Would you like some cake?” he
asked.
He asked me if I would like some
cake.
“Mother said, “You should take
the umbrellas.”
Mother said that we should take
the umbrellas.
.“You ought to be careful,” said
Ann.
Ann said that I ought to be careful.
Study tables 7–11 and use the information in doing exercises.
REPORTED STATEMENTS Table 7
say add
tell smb declare (that) + direct word order
mention remark
e.g. Peter said to us, “I want to play tennis.”
Peter told us (that) he wanted to play tennis.
REPORTED REQUESTS, ORDERS Table 8
tell
ask
order smb + infinitive
advise
warn
e.g. “Stand up and say what you know, Mike”, the teacher said.
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