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Файл:Focus on topics. Family & work. A Guide for students and teachers. Учебное пособие
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2. Answer the questions about your "dream job"
Famous people
in our country
abroad
scientist
film star
writer
politician
pop singer
sportsman
TV personality
composer
1. What kind of job do you want?
2. When do you want to start work in the morning?
3. How many coffee breaks do you want?
4. What time do you want to leave in the afternoon?
5. What kind of boss do you want? Why?
6. How much money do you want to make?
7. Do you want a secretary or an assistant?
8. Do you want to travel in your job? Where?
9. Do you want to live close to your job? Why?
10. How much vacation do you want?
11. Would you like to work part time or would you rather not do it?
12. Which of the following aspects of work do you think is the most
important: prospects of promotion; job satisfaction; opportunities for
creative work; a good salary; job security; responsibility; good condition
of work.
3. Think of some famous people in our country and abroad and write their
names against the jobs listed below: e.g. politician: Vladimir Putin;
Margaret Thatcher.
Table 1
Job
4. Look at your own list, which person on it would you most like to have
dinner with? Who would you hate to have dinner with? Write their
names below and explain why you like or dislike them and why you
would or wouldn’t enjoy their company at dinner.
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Table 2
who?
why?
who?
why?
pleasant
loud ori
ginal
on the same wavelength as
friendly
self-centered
irritating
intelligent
sensitive
understanding
a good conversationalist
witty
sexy
boring
a dimwit
cuddly
kind exciting
Activities
Frequency
1.-------
usually
2. have meetings with the Finance Manager
----------
3.
-------
every day
4. check the sales figures from all the branches
----------
5. visit other branches
----------
6.
-------
occasionally
7. prepare financial reports
-----------
8.
-------
quite often
9. deal with important customers
-----------
10.
fix targets for the coming year
-----------
like
dislike
5. Underline the three characteristics for each person which you think fit
them best. Table3
you
(a foolish person)
* * *
L i s t e n i n g
6. Listen to the interview in which a Sales Manager describes his job. He
talks about each of the duties or activities which he has to carry out and
tells how often he has to do each of these.
7. As you listen to the text "Work routines", try to complete the table below.
It lists the frequency and the activities which the Sales Manager has
talked about.
Table 4
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8. Now answer this question:
Instruction to follow
How often do the company’s sales figures fall below target?
L A N G U A G E P R E S E N T A T I O N
(A) Definite Frequency; (B) Indefinite Frequency
A. Definite Frequency
once a day / week / month / year
twice (three times, four times) an hour
every day / every week / every month / every year
daily weekly monthly yearly or annually
quarterly = every three months / four times a year
(usually used for accounts, figures, reports etc.)
B. Indefinite Frequency
always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, occasionally.
Phrases of definite frequency usually come at the end of a sentence
e.g. I meet the Finance Manager twice a week.
Words expressing indefinite frequency come before the verb.
e.g. I usually work in my office.
However, with the verb to be, they come after:
e.g. I am never late for meetings.
Sales are usually higher in the summer months.
9. Listen to the interview once again and answer the following questions.
1. What nouns describe the interviewee's job?
2. Whom does the interviewee deal with?
3. What is the job of the person giving the interview?
10. Read and answer.
Understanding spoken English is a bit like following a detective story.
You aren't told who has committed the crime.
Instead you have to pick up clues as you go along. Making intelligent
guesses is an important part of successful listening.
What kind of clues should you look for? They include references to
people and ideas. They include numbers and dates. They may be little
words like "but" or " already", or phrases like "to be honest with you".
The speaker’s tone of voice may help you. There may be rephrasing of
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(continued from p.53)
information that has already been given. Your common sense and your
knowledge about the world will help you.
In making guesses it is important that your guesses are intelligent
ones. It is important that you have confidence that you have guessed
correctly!
Why is understanding English like following a detective
story?
What kind of clues should you look for?
Why do you think confidence is important when guessing?
* * *
Work: duties, conditions and pay
What do you do?
People may ask you about your job. They can ask and you can answer in
different ways:
What do you do? I'm (+ job) e.g. a banker / an engineer /
a teacher /a builder
What's your job? I work in (+ place or general area)
e.g. a bank / marketing
What do you do for a living? I work for (+ name of company)
Note: 'Work' is usually an uncountable noun, so you cannot say 'a work'. If
you want to use the indefinite article you must say 'a job',
e.g. She hasn't got a job at the moment.
L a n g u a g e s t u d y
e.g. Union Bank, ICI, Fiat
What does that involve?
When people ask you to explain your work/job, they may want to know
your main responsibilities (= your duties / what you have to do), or
something about your daily routine (= what you do every day/week). They
can ask like this: What does that (i.e. your job) involve?
Main responsibilities
I'm in charge of (= responsible for) all deliveries out of the factory.
I have to deal with any complaints (= take all necessary action if there are
complaints).
(=
What do you do in your job?)
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I run the coffee bar and restaurant in the museum (= I am in control of it /
I manage it).
Note: We often use responsible for, in charge of for part of something, e.g.
a department or some of the workers; and run for control of all of
something, e.g. a company or a shop.
Daily duties/routines
I have to go/to attend a lot of meetings.
I visit/see/meet clients (= people I do business with or for).
I advise clients (= give them help and my opinion).
It involves doing quite a lot of paperwork, a general word we use for
routine work that involves paper, e.g. writing letters, filling in forms,
etc. Note the -ing form after involve.
11. Match the verbs on the left with the nouns or phrases on the right.
Use each word once only.
1. earn overtime
2. work meetings
3. pay a shop
4. go to clients
5. deal with £500
6. run income tax
12. Starting with the words you are given, rewrite each of these sentences
using vocabulary above. The basic meaning must stay the same.
Example: I'm a banker.
I work in banking.
1. What do you do?
What's……………
2. I earn $ 50,000 dollars.
My……………….
3. I get £20,000 from my teaching job and another £10,000 from
writing.
My total…………
4. I am a chemist.
I work for…………
5. In my job I have to look after and maintain all the computers in the
building.
My job involves ……………
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6. I'm responsible for one of the smaller departments.
do you
I'm in…………….
Pay
Most workers are paid (= receive money) every month and this pay
goes directly into their bank account. It is called a salary. We can
express the same idea using the verb to earn:
My salary is $60,000 a year. (= I earn $60,000 a year.)
With many jobs you get (= receive) holiday pay and sick pay (when
you are ill). If you want to ask about holidays, you can say:
How much holiday do you get? or How many weeks' holiday
get?
The total amount of money you receive in a year is called your
income. This could be your salary from one job, or the salary from
two different jobs you have. And on this income you have to pay part
to the government – called income tax.
• Working hours
For many people in Britain, these are 8.30- 9.00 a.m. to 5.00-5.30 p.m.
Consequently people often talk about a nine-to-five job (= regular
working hours). Some people have flexitime (= they can start an hour or
so earlier or finish later); and some have to do shift work (= working at
different times, e.g. days one week and nights the next week). Some
people also work overtime (= work extra hours). Some people are paid
to do/work overtime, others are not paid.
13. This is part of a conversation with a teacher about her job. Can you
supply the missing questions?
A: …………………………………………………….?.
B: I usually start at nine and finish at four.
A………………………………………………………?
B: Yes a bit. On certain courses I work until five o'clock, and then I
get paid extra.
A:……………………………………………………..?
B: Twelve weeks. That's one of the good things about being a
teacher.
A.................................................... …………………..?
B: No, we don't, I'm afraid. That's one of the disadvantages of being a
teacher. But I suppose money isn't everything.
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14. Can you answer these general knowledge questions about work?
1. What are the normal working hours for most office jobs in your
country?
2. Can you name three jobs that get very high salaries in your
country?
3. When you start paying income tax in your country, what is the
minimum amount you have to pay?
4. What jobs often involve shift work? (Give at least two examples).
5. Is flexitime common in your company or your country?
WORK
Here are some professions (jobs that require considerable training
and/or qualifications) and trades (skilled manual jobs requiring
on-the-job and other training). Make your choice.
lawyer dentist hairdresser mechanic architect priest
farmer vet librarian physiotherapist child-minder police
officer accountant engineer scientist chef firefighter civil
servant tailor/dressmaker designer builder carpenter
plumber
15. Whose job do these things belong to?
Example: bucket ladder leather window-cleaner
1. board overhead projector chalk 4. make-up script microphone
2. scalpel mask forceps 5. tractor plough barn
3. tipped filing cabinet stapler 6. sewing machine scissors needle
16. Would you call the following a trade, a profession or an unskilled job?
1 vet 3 plumber 5 electrician 7 cleaner 9 refuse collector
2 chef 4 architect 6 dressmaker 8 tailor 10 lawyer
Collocations of words connected with work
It's not easy to get/find work round these parts.
I'd love to do that kind of work.
What d’ you do for a living?
It's difficult to make a living as a freelance writer.
[earn enough money to live comfortably]
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I've been offered a job in Paris. She's not prepared to take on that job.
[includes the idea of 'having personal responsibility']
Expressions connected with work
to work shift-work [nights one week, days next] *hours of
to be on flexitime [flexible working hours] work
to work nine-to-five [regular day work]
to go/be on strike [industrial dispute]
to get the sack [thrown out of your job]
to be fired [more formal than 'get the sack'; often *reasons
used as a direct address: 'You're fired!'] for
to be dismissed [more formal than 'be fired'] not
to be made redundant [thrown out, no longer needed] working
to be laid off [more informal than 'made redundant']
to give up work [e.g. in order to study]
to be on/take maternity leave [expecting a baby]
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to be on/take sick leave [illness]
to take early retirement [retire at 55]
to be a workaholic [love work too much] *other
to be promoted [get a higher position] useful
to apply for a job [fill in forms, etc.] verbs
17. Using the expressions above, say what you think has happened /
is happening.
Example: I'm not working now; the baby's due in 3 weeks.
She's on maternity leave.
1. I lost my job. They had to make cutbacks.
2. He's enjoying life on a pension, although he's only 58.
3. One week it's six-to-two, the next it's nights.
4. They've made her General Manager as from next month!
5. I was late so often, I lost my job.
6. I get in at nine o'clock and go home at five.
7. Your trouble is you are obsessed with work!
18. Fill in the collocations.
I'd love to…………(1) a job in journalism, but it's not easy without
qualifications. Since I have to earn a ………….(2) somehow, I'll have
to get ................................. (3) wherever I can find it. I've been ………..
(4) some part-time work editing a typescript for a book, but I'm not sure
I want to ................................. it …………………(5) .
The career ladder
Getting a job
When Paul left school he applied for (= wrote an official request for) a job
in the accounts department of a local engineering company. They gave him
a job as a trainee (= a very junior person in a company). He didn't earn very
much but they gave him a lot of training (= organized help and advice with
learning the job), and sent him on training courses.
Note: Training is an uncountable noun, so you cannot say 'a training'. You
can only talk about training (in general), or a training course (if you want
to refer to just one). Here you can use the verbs do or go on: I did/went on
several training courses last year.
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Moving up
Paul worked hard at the company and his prospects (= future possibilities in
the job) looked good. After his first year he got a good pay rise (= more
money), and after two years he was promoted (= given a higher position
with more money and responsibility). After six years he was in charge of
(= responsible for/the boss of) the accounts department with five other
employees (= workers in the company) under him (= under his
responsibility/authority) .
Leaving the company
By the time Paul was 30, however, he decided he wanted a fresh challenge
(= a new exciting situation). He was keen to work abroad, so he resigned
from his company (= officially told the company he was leaving his job;
you can also say 'he quit the company') and started looking for a new job
with a bigger company. After a couple of months he managed to find a job
with an international company which involved (= included) a lot of foreign
travel. He was very excited about the new job and at first he really enjoyed
the travelling, but ...
Hard times
After about six months, Paul started to dislike the constant moving around,
and after a year he hated it; he hated living in hotels, and he never really
made any friends in the new company. Unfortunately his work was not
satisfactory either and finally he was sacked (= told to leave the company /
dismissed/given the sack) a year later.
After that, Paul found things much more difficult. He was unemployed
(= out of work/without a job) for over a year. He had to sell his car and
move out of his new house. Things were looking bad and in the end Paul
had to accept a part-time job (= working only some of the day or some of
the week) on a fruit and vegetable stall in a market .
Happier times
To his surprise, Paul loved the market. He made lots of friends and enjoyed
working out in the open air. After two years, he took over (=took control of)
the stall. Two years later he opened a second stall, and after ten years he
had fifteen stalls. Last year Paul retired (= stopped working completely) at
the age of 55, a very rich man.
19. Write а single word synonym for each of these words/phrases.
1. given the sack = ……………………
2. out of work = ……………………….
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