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Файл:Focus on topics. Family & work. A Guide for students and teachers. Учебное пособие
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3. “Were” is sometimes used instead of “was” in the conditional clause,
especially after “if”.
If I weren’t so busy, I would do it for you.
You often say “If I were you” when you are giving someone
advice.
If I were you, I would take a taxi.
4. When you are talking about something which could have happened in
the past but which did not actually happen, we use the past perfect in
the conditional clause. In the main clause, you use “would have” and
a past participle.
If he had realized that, he would have run away.
I wouldn’t have been so depressed if I had known how
common this feeling is.
NB: You do not use “would have” in the conditional clause.
You do not say “If I would have seen him, I would have told him”.
Grammar practice
A. Underline the correct verb form.
1. If I see/will see Mike I will tell/tell him everything.
2. If she changed/would change her job she earned/would earn more.
3. If Jane had studied/studied more she passed/would have passed her exams.
4. If Mike receives/has received the telegram I’m sure he phones/will
phone you tomorrow.
5. If you worked/had worked more, you were/would be a student now.
6. If I lived/would live in Spain I did/would do a lot of sunbathing.
7. If I met/had met you earlier I didn’t marry/wouldn’t have married Betty.
8. If you phone/will phone me I pick/will pick you up.
9. If I stay/will stay late I always get/will get a taxi home.
10.If she loved/had loved him she stayed/would have stayed with Bob.
B. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
1. If you ___________ ( go ) to bed earlier you ___________ ( not feel ) so
tired.
2. If I ____________ ( get ) a promotion I ____________ ( not look for )
another job.
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3. We __________ ( have ) plenty of time if it _______ (be ) only 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
o’clock.
4. If I ________ ( be ) very poor I ________ ( be ) upset.
5. If it _________ ( rain ) I _______ ( go ) to see the races.
6. If I __________ ( be invited ) to the yesterday’s party I ______ ( go )
there.
7. If I _________ ( know ) her well I _________ ( phone ) her at home.
8. If the theatre _________ ( not be ) so far we ______ ( walk ) there.
9. I _____ ( buy ) a Jaguar if I ______ ( be ) rich.
10. If you ______ ( come ) to my place I _______ ( show ) you my shots.
C. Match the two parts of the sentences.
1. He wouldn’t have become so strong … a. … I wouldn’t be worried now.
2. They would have come … b. … I wouldn’t have gone to the library.
3. If they had been ready the day before … c. … we wouldn’t have come so early.
4. If I hadn’t needed the book … d. … unless he had done sports.
5. If they had had a city map … e. … they wouldn’t have been lost.
6. If you had warned us … f. … if Jane had invited them.
7. He wouldn’t know much … g. … unless you had agreed with us.
8. We wouldn’t have wasted so much time … h. … unless he read much.
9. If you had sent me a telegram … i. … they would have taken their exam.
10. We had never done this … j. … if you had bought everything
beforehand.
D. Make up sentences.
1. She/ it/ so/ have/ had/ fallen/ slippery/ been/ wouldn’t/ if/ not
_____________________________________________________________
2. had/ I/ you/ chosen/ would/ I/ have/ If/ been/ green/ been/ the/ one
_____________________________________________________________
3. lot/ if/ would/ trained/ the/ they/ have/ had/ Our/ won/ a/ team/ game
_____________________________________________________________
4. would/ to/ ill/ place/ have/ your/ if/ been/ had/ He/ come/ not/ he
_____________________________________________________________
5. day/ would/ gone/ country/ had/ if/ not/ a/ have/ it/ I/ the/ been/ nasty/ to
_____________________________________________________________
6. it/ were/ wish/ now/ summer/ I
_____________________________________________________________
7. I/ had/ I/ been/ wish/ so/ not/ modest
_____________________________________________________________
8. Wish/ I/ had/ to/ time/ homework/ finish/ I/ my/ enough
_____________________________________________________________
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9. Not/ wish/ today/ did/ have/ I/ school/ to/ I/ to/ go
_____________________________________________________________
10. I/ my/ washed/ yesterday/ had/ I/ trousers
_____________________________________________________________
E. Correct the errors, if necessary.
1. If I knew her well I will visit her.
_____________________________________________________________
2. If I were you I would have visited Jane yesterday.
_____________________________________________________________
3. If I have a computer I would print my report.
_____________________________________________________________
4. If the weather would be nice tomorrow we’ll go on excursion.
_____________________________________________________________
5. You did not miss the plane if you had taken a taxi.
_____________________________________________________________
6. I wish you have a car.
_____________________________________________________________
7. I wish things were different in the past.
_____________________________________________________________
8. I wish the weather were warmer.
_____________________________________________________________
9. I wish I did not decide to work in New York.
_____________________________________________________________
10. I wish I did not go to bed early yesterday.
_____________________________________________________________
* * *
L a n g u a g e S t u d y
Family names
When you are born, your family gives you a f i r s t n a m e, e.g. James,
Kate, Sarah and Alex are common first names in Britain. Your f a m i l y
n a m e (also called your s u r n a m e) is the one that all the family share
e. g. Smith, Brown, Jones and O’Neill are common surnames in Britain.
Some parents give their children a m i d d l e n a m e (like a first name),
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but you do not usually say this name. Your full name is all the names you
have, e.g. Sarah Jane Smith.
Changing times
Society changes and so do families. In some places, people may decide to
live together but do not get married. They are not husband and wife, but call
each other their partner. There are also many families in some parts of the
world where the child or children live(s) with just their mother or father;
these are sometimes called single-parent families.
Ex -
We use this for a husband/wife/boyfriend/girlfriend we had in the past but
do not have now:
The children stay with my ex-husband at the weekend.
I saw an ex-girlfriend of mine at the disco last night.
Relatives (=members of your family)
These are the most important relatives (also called relations):
male female
Your parents’ parents grandfather grandmother
Your parents’ brother and sister uncle(s) aunt(s)
Your aunt’s/uncle’s children cousin(s) cousin(s)
The father and mother of the
person you marry father-in-law mother-in-law
The brother and sister of the
person you marry brother-in-law sister-in-law
Your brother’s/sister’s children nephew(s) niece(s)
The person you marry dies,
so you are a … widower widow
Your mother or father remarries,
so you have a … stepfather stepmother
ИНФОРМАЦИЯ К ЗАПОМИНАНИЮ
Существует несколько ключевых слов (1–8), производные от
которых составляют всю лексику, характеризующую родственные
отношения.
1. mother - мать 2. father - отец
3. sister - сестра 4. brother - брат
5. daughter - дочь 6. son - сын
7. parent(s) - родитель(и) 8. child - ребенок
children – дети
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Производными от ключевых слов в английском языке
являются слова: бабушка, дедушка, внучка, внук, мачеха, отчим,
падчерица, пасынок, тесть, теща, свекор, свекровь, шурин,
свояченица, деверь, золовка, сноха, зять. Эти слова образуются по
правилам:
– если перед 1, 2, 5–8 поставить слово grand, то получится:
бабушка (1), дедушка (2), внучка (5), внук (6), деды (7), внуки (8).
Написание слитное.
Например: grandson –внук.
– если перед полученными выше словами поставить слово
great, то получится: прабабушка (1) …правнук (8). Запись через
дефис.
Например: great-grandson – правнук.
– если нужно сказать пра – пра .., то добавляем в английском
языке столько раз слово great, сколько в русском языке «пра».
Например: great-great-grandson – праправнук.
– если перед (1) – (6) поставить слово step, то появится
значение «сводный», «неродной»: мачеха (1), отчим (2), сводные
брат и сестра (3–4), падчерица (5), пасынок (6). Написание
слитное.
Например: stepmother – мачеха.
– если перед 1, 2, 5, 6 поставить слово God, то получится
«крестные отец и мать» (2) и (1); «крестники (3), (4). Написание
слитное.
Например: Godfather – крестный отец.
Для обозначения новых родственников, появившихся после
женитьбы, замужества со стороны мужа, жены (родня со стороны
мужа, жены) добавляется словосочетание “-in-law”. Написание
через дефис.
Например:
mother-in-law – теща (мать жены),
свекровь (мать мужа)
father-in-law – тесть (отец жены),
свекор (отец мужа)
sister-in-law – свояченица(сестра жены),
золовка (сестра мужа)
brother-in-law – шурин (брат жены),
деверь (брат мужа)
daughter-in-law – сноха (жена сына)
son-in-law – зять (муж дочери).
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Существует небольшая группа слов, которые не являются
производными от ключевых. Их надо запомнить. Это:
сousin – двоюродные брат и
сестра, кузен и кузина.
second cousin – троюродный брат и сестра
aunt – тетя
uncle – дядя
niece – племянница
nephew – племянник
wife – жена
husband – муж
widow – вдова
widower – вдовец
7. Match the words and phrases A – G to the explanations a – g.
A cousin a) father of the person you marry
B sister-in-law b) your sister’s child
C uncle c) you have…, if your father
remarries
D father-in-law d) sister of the person you marry
E niece e) you are …, if the person you
marry dies
F step-mother f) your aunt’s / uncle’s children
G widow g) you parents’ brother
WORDS IN CONTEXT
He is my cousin on my mother’s side.
Он мой двоюродный брат со стороны матери.
What relation is he to you?
Кем он тебе приходится?
He is a confirmed bachelor.
Он убежденный холостяк.
She is on good terms with her ex-husband.
Она в хороших отношениях со своим бывшим мужем.
Their engagement lasted for several years.
Их помолвка продолжилась несколько лет.
He had to pay child support.
Ему пришлось выплачивать пособие на ребенка.
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I think they make a lovely couple.
Мне кажется, они прекрасная пара.
They are a childless couple.
Они бездетная пара.
IDIOMS AND SLANG
My old man мой отец
my folks мои близкие, моя родня
dinkies (=double income no kids) бездетная пара
to tie the knot сочетаться законным браком
a stag party мальчишник, холостяцкая
вечеринка
8. Look at the family tree and complete the sentences below.
9. Family reunions are fun because… (pick up the right answers):
–1. you make your will. –2. you introduce yourself. – 3. you feel
welcomed. – 4. you are shy. –5. you like your relatives. – 6. you can be
restless. – 7. your family talks back. – 8. there are often clashes. –9.
motherhood is suffocating. – 10. everyone loves chores. – 11. your
grandparents are broad-minded. – 12. you can throw a tantrum. – 13.
you feel looked after . – 14. you take after your father. – 15. you feel
the bonds between people.
* * *
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R e a d i n g
* Pre-text exercises
10. Form nouns from the following verbs:
to marry, to die, to live, to play, to use, to visit, to change, to work, to
retire, to suppose, to resume.
11. Form the derivatives from the following words:
old, exactly, interest, music, plays, picture, childhood, to present,
overjoyed, sick, housewife.
12. State to what part of speech the following words belong:
younger, programmer, computers, plays, music, paints, picture,
working, children, vague, normally, stereotypical, golden, really, sad,
never, their, fertilizer, idyllic, expedition.
13. Check up if you remember the translation of the following words:
dad, mum, brother, sister, children, wife, husband, niece, nephew,
cousin, grandparents, dad’s dad, mum’s mum, grandmother on mother’s
side, half-sister, stepbrother, auntie, parents, grandchildren, family.
14. Match the words and phrases A – H to the explanations a – h.
A stockbroker a) (of a person) having stopped working , usually
because of age.
B stepbrother b) a place, for example, provided at a place of
work, where babies and small children are cared
for while their parents work.
C half-sister c) someone whose job is buying and selling stocks.
D breadwinner d) a male person whose father or mother has
married one’s mother or father.
E crèche e) a sister related through one parent only.
F nursery f) a person in a family whose wages provide what
the family needs to live on.
G retired g) extremely pleased; full of joy.
H overjoyed h) a place where small children, but not usually
babies are taken care of while their parents are at
work.
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15. Translate the following into Russian paying attention to the
grammatical forms of the verbs.
was working there; doesn’t work; they’ve got children; would have had;
to be retired; to be brought up; must have had; seem to want to go out.
16. Read the text.
My family
My dad is quite old, he’s 81. My mum’s about 15 years younger. I
have two brothers. Nigel, who is seven years older than me, is a
computer programmer, or he does something with computers, I’m not
sure what exactly. His main interest is music, and he plays the guitar
very well, and the piano. He’s married to Nikki, who is an artist. She’s
half Swiss, and paints pictures for a living. They live in London, and
have two children.
My other brother, Chris, is a stockbroker, and he lives with his
family in Hong Kong because the firm he works for sent him out there.
They send him all over the world. He met his wife Leslie in South
Africa, when he was working there. Leslie doesn’t work–she’s a
housewife and she brings up the children. They’ve got four children. So
I have six nieces and nephews, which means I have quite a lot of
presents to buy at Christmas!
I come from quite a big family. I worked it out once that I’ve got 25
cousins, because my dad’s dad married twice, and my mum’s mum
married twice, so I would have had three sets of grandparents if they
had all been alive at the same time. However, I only remember one
grandparent, my grandmother on my mother’s side, but she died when I
was very young, so I only have very vague memories of her. My mum
has two brothers and sisters, and she has three half-sisters. And my dad
has four brothers and sisters and two stepbrothers and sisters.
My two brothers are a lot older than me, so I didn’t see them much
when I was little because they weren’t at home that much. There are
seven years between each of us, so one brother is seven years older than
me and the other is fourteen years older than me. However, my auntie
Patty lived with us in the country for a while, and she has four children;
and the two girls, Catherine and Sarah, were around my age, so it was
like having two sisters. This was nice, because we went to school
together and we could play together, and is was nice having people of
my age around.
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My parents live in the country, in the south-west of England. When
I lived in England I used to go to visit them maybe every month, but
now of course it’s much more difficult, and now I go about twice a
year. Normally I go at Christmas, although not this year, and some time
in the summer. They live in the middle of the country and it’s really
nice. There is a river, and you can go for long walks and get some
peace and quiet after living in the city. My brother Nigel who lives in
London goes home quite a lot to visit them with his children, but my
older brother Chris can’t go that often, of course, as he’s always very
busy working in Hong Kong.
In England, the stereotypical family is husband and wife and 2.4
children, so they say, and a dog and a cat. We have two cats, by the
way. They were my cats, but when I left to come and live in Hungary I
took them to my mum, who wasn’t overjoyed at the time, but now she
quite likes them. We used to have a dog, a big golden Labrador, but he
had to be put down ‘cause he got very sick, so that was quite sad.
The English stereotypical family of husband and wife is, I suppose,
changing now because there are a lot of one-parent families. A lot of
people get divorced now and live on their own, and bring up their
children on their own.
What about my parents? Well, my mother never worked, she was a
housewife, and she and my dad lived in Sri Lanka and India for much
of their married life, ‘cause my dad was a businessman. He’s retired
now but used to import, I think it was whisky and fertilizer, from
England to Sri Lanka. My mum brought up two children there, so both
of my brothers were brought up in Sri Lanka and India. They must have
had a very idyllic childhood – I heard stories about them swimming in
tropical seas and going on expeditions to tea plantations, and it sounded
really nice. I was born a year after they moved back to England, near
London, so that’s a bit different from exotic Asia. I suppose in a way
we conformed to the typical stereotype of a family, in that my father
was the breadwinner and the head of the family, and my mother was a
housewife and brought up children. Nowadays in England, most
women seem to want to go out to work, and even if they have children
they send them to a nursery or a crèche at a very early age, and go back
to work to resume their careers. Also, quite often now just the
immediate family live together, and a lot of old people live on their
own, not usually with their children and their grandchildren as used to
be the case.
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