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Part XIV Adventitial Cystic Disease ofthePopliteal Artery
473
(d) Renal failure occurs only with suprace-
liac clamping.
51. Exposed synthetic graft in the groin following ABF graft occurs in a patient with
previous sartorius muscle ap. Which
muscle will provide the most satisfactory
coverage?
(a) Gracilis
(b) Rectus femoris
(c) Tensor fasciae latae
(d) External oblique
52. Patient undergoes uneventful aortobifemoral
graft for aortic bilateral common iliac and
hypogastric artery occlusion. Following
reconstruction, patient complains of weakness of right leg which is secondary to:
(a) Interruption of arteria radicularis magna
(artery of Adamkiewicz)
(b) Probable hypotension
(c) Prolonged aortic clamping
(d) Interruption of arterial ow to pelvic
organs
Part XII Aortomesenteric Bypass
53. A 66-year-old female complains of postprandial abdominal pain, weight loss, and
food fear. CTA shows 50% stenosis of celiac
artery, occlusion of rst 2cm of SMA with
reconstitution, and occluded IMA. Which
revascularization procedure will provide the
best long-term outcome?
(a) Retrograde aorta to SMA bypass
(b) Antegrade aortic-superior mesenteric
artery bypass
(c) Aortic endarterectomy
(d) Angioplasty/stent of celiac artery with
retrograde SMA bypass
(b) 5–10% of patients
(c) 11–14% of patients
(d) 15–20% of patients
55. Tourniquet occlusion during femoralinfrapopliteal bypass:
(a) Should never be performed as it may
result in calf muscle ischemia
(b) Improves visualization and avoids
clamping small calcied target
arteries
(c) Better primary patency
(d) Better secondary patency
56. Incidence of surgical site infection following
lower extremity bypass is:
(a) <5%
(b) 5–18%
(c) 19–25%
(d) >25%
57. Patient with history of right femoralinfrapopliteal bypass with ipsilateral GSV
presents with right critical limb ischemia.
The best conduit for redo right femoralinfrapopliteal bypass is:
(a) Contralateral GSV
(b) Arm vein
(c) Lesser saphenous vein
(d) Composite prosthetic/vein bypass or
prosthetic bypass
58. Primary reported patency of femoralinfrapopliteal bypass using arm vein is:
(a) Less than 50%.
(b) 50–60%.
(c) >60%.
(d) Arm vein should never be used for lower
extremity bypass.
Part XIV Adventitial Cystic Disease
ofthePopliteal Artery
Part XIII Infrainguinal Arterial Bypass Graft
54. For femoral-infrapopliteal bypass, GSV is
inadequate in:
(a) <5% of patients
59. Adventitial cystic disease of popliteal artery
is best managed by:
(a) Resection of the cystic segment
(b) Image-guided aspiration
(c) Transluminal angioplasty
(d) Covered stent graft
474
101 100 Multiple Choice Questions
Part XV Popliteal Venous
Pseudoaneurysm
andArteriovenous Fistula
60. Patient after knee arthroscopy develops popliteal venous pseudoaneurysm and AV stula. The best management option is:
(a) Thrombin injection to the neck of
pseudoaneurysm
(b) Stent graft (covered stent) in the popli-
teal vein
(c) No intervention as stula and pseudoan-
eurysm will resolve spontaneously
(d) Direct open repair
Part XVI Endovascular Aneurysm
Repair forIntact Abdominal Aortic
Aneurysm
61. The best predictor of endograft-related complications with the use of Aorx™ device is:
(a) Circumferential 3mm thrombus
(b) Calcied aortic neck
(c) Aortic neck diameter and seal zone
inner curve
(d) Seal zone outer curve
62. A patient with signicant medical comorbidities which presents with a 7.0cm AAA,
a relatively straight aortic neck, and neck
length of 3–10mm is scheduled to undergo
EVAR. The best strategy during EVAR
repair is:
(a) Fenestrated endograft
(b) EVAR with Heli-FX EndoAnchors
(c) Open repair
(d) Conventional EVAR with no additional
treatment
63. The incidence of sac enlargement in a patient
with Type II endoleak following EVAR
occurs in:
(a) Less than 5%
(b) 6–8%
(c) 9–12%
(d) >12%
64. Early gutter-related Type I endoleaks following chimney EVAR (snorkel stents) occur in:
(a) <10% with resolution in all at 18months
(b) 10–20% with resolution in >90% at
18months
(c) 21–29% with resolution in 70% at
18months
(d) 30% with resolution in 88% at
18months
65. 5-year patency of femorofemoral bypass in a
patient with underlying aortouniiliac stent
graft for repair of AAA:
(a) 70%
(b) 71–75%
(c) 75–80%
(d) Greater than 80%
66. In patients undergoing EVAR, iliac branch
device has a reported patency rate of:
(a) 70%
(b) 70–80%
(c) 80–90%
(d) >90%
67. Incidence of late graft limb occlusion in a
patient undergoing EVAR is:
(a) <5%
(b) 5–6%
(c) 7–8%
(d) Approximately 10%
Part XVII Endovascular Aneurysm
Repair forRuptured Abdominal
Aortic Aneurysm
68. Results of the IMPROVE trial comparing
EVAR to open repair for ruptured AAA demonstrated an all-cause mortality at 1year of:
(a) 60% for open repair, 50% for EVAR
(b) 50% for open repair, 45% for EVAR
(c) 45% for open repair, 41% for EVAR
(d) 50% for open repair, 60% for EVAR
69. Type III endoleak following EVAR occurs
in:
(a) Less than 2% of patients.
(b) 2–3% of patients.
(c) 4–5% of patients.
(d) Type III endoleaks never occur with new
generation of endografts.
70. Existing aortic endograft in a patient with
ruptured AAA:
(a) Provides acute survival benet
Part XX Thoracic Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
475
(b) Provides 1-year survival benet
(c) Provides both acute and 1-year survival
benet
(d) Provides neither acute nor 1-year sur-
vival benet
71. Endovascular repair of ruptured AAA in a
high-risk patient with prior endograft secondary to Type IA endoleak required intentional coverage of one renal artery. The
following best reects the outcome in this
situation:
(a) Single renal artery coverage does not
increase the odds of permanent
dialysis/30-day mortality
(b) Single renal artery coverage increases
risk of dialysis but not 30-day mortality.
(c) Single renal artery coverage increases
the odds of permanent dialysis/30-day
mortality primarily due to its effect on
permanent dialysis.
(d) Single renal artery coverage increases
in-hospital mortality signicantly and
should not be performed.
72. According to EUROSTAR data from 113
European centers in 4231 post-op EVAR
patients, the rupture rate at 1year is:
(a) <2%
(b) 2–4%
(c) 4–5%
(d) Greater than 5%
with aortobiiliac graft. You select endovascular repair which should be performed
via:
(a) Contralateral femoral artery access with
deployment of iliac extension limb of
stent graft
(b) Brachial artery access and deployment
of coils in the inow branches of the
hypogastric artery and covered iliac
stent
(c) Ipsilateral femoral access and deploy-
ment of covered stent across the origin
of hypogastric artery
(d) Ipsilateral femoral access, placement
of coils in outow branches of hypogastric artery, coil embolization of the
sac, and covered stent across origin of
hypogastric artery
Part XIX Endovascular Repair
forHypogastric Aneurysm
Following EVAR
75. Hypogastric artery aneurysms should be
repaired in asymptomatic patients when it
measures:
(a) <2cm
(b) 2–3cm
(c) 3–4cm
(d) Only if it causes symptoms
Part XVIII Endovascular Repair
forLarge Iliac andHypogastric
Aneurysms Following Open
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
73. Large iliac anastomotic aneurysm developed
in an 80-year-old male 20years after open
repair of AAA with aortobiiliac graft. This
should be managed by:
(a) No intervention
(b) Open repair
(c) Endovascular repair using covered
stent
(d) Coil embolization
74. A large hypogastric aneurysm is diagnosed
15 years following open repair of AAA
Part XX Thoracic Endovascular
Aneurysm Repair
76. Type IB endoleak following TEVAR at
1year occurs in:
(a) <10% of patients
(b) 10–15%
(c) 16–20%
(d) Greater than 20%
77. Aberrant subclavian artery aneurysm should
be repaired:
(a) Only if patient has symptoms
(dysphagia).
(b) Aneurysm is 2.5–3 cm in largest AP/
transverse diameter.
476
101 100 Multiple Choice Questions
(c) >3 cm to <4 cm in AP/transverse
diameter.
(d) 4 cm or greater in AP/transverse
diameter.
Part XXI Endovascular Repair
forPopliteal Artery Aneurysm
78. Endovascular repair of popliteal aneurysm
should be offered:
(a) As rst line of treatment in all patients
(b) Only for patients with thrombosed pop-
liteal aneurysm
(c) If popliteal aneurysm extends into
trifurcation
(d) Primarily to elderly high-risk patients
with suitable anatomy
79. Patients who present with ruptured popliteal
aneurysms are on anticoagulants in:
(a) <10%
(b) 10–25%
(c) 25–45%
(d) About 50% of patients
Part XXII Endovascular Repair
ofSplenic Artery Aneurysm
80. Repair of the splenic artery aneurysm should
be performed in:
(a) Calcied aneurysm <2cm
(b) Only in symptomatic patients
(c) Aneurysm greater than 2–2.5cm in its
largest diameter
(d) Should only be offered to female patients
in childbearing age
Part XXIII Carotid Stenting
82. CAS for radiation-induced carotid stenosis
as compared to CEA results in:
(a) Greater incidence of temporary cranial
nerve palsy
(b) Lower incidence of late neurological
decits following CAS
(c) Lower incidence of carotid restenosis
(d) Higher incidence of late neurological
decits and carotid restenosis
83. Results of CREST trial have shown that in
long term:
(a) CEA provided better outcomes in terms
of post-op MI, stroke, and death.
(b) CAS provided better outcomes in terms
of post-op MI, stroke, and death.
(c) There was no difference in post-op
MI, stroke, or death between CAS and
CEA.
(d) There was lower incidence of MI for
CEA as compared to carotid stent.
84. The results of CREST trial have shown that
the incidence of carotid restenosis at 2years
was:
(a) Higher in CAS group.
(b) Higher in CEA group.
(c) Carotid restenosis is extremely uncom-
mon after CEA.
(d) Incidence is similar.
85. CAS is scheduled for severe radiationinduced carotid stenosis with symptoms
of amaurosis fugax. Because of difficult
aortic arch anatomy, shuttle sheath could
not be advanced into CCA. The best
option is:
(a) Transbrachial approach
(b) CEA
(c) Transcarotid arterial revasculariza-
tion (TCAR)
(d) Transradial approach
81. The incidence of cranial nerve palsy for redo
CEA is:
(a) <1%
(b) 1–2.5%
(c) Greater than 2.5% but less than 4%
(d) Greater than 4%
Part XXIV Iliac Stenting
86. In a high-risk patient with ush occlusion of
the right common iliac artery and a left common iliac stent extending into the aorta, retrograde femoral artery approach was
Part XXVII Endovascular Therapy forMesenteric Ischemia
477
unsuccessful. The next best option for revascularization is:
(a) Aortofemoral graft
(b) Stenting via left femoral approach
(c) Left brachial approach
(d) Crossover femoral-femoral graft
87. Compared to open aortofemoral grafting,
iliac stenting for TASC C and D lesions: has:
(a) Better primary patency
(b) Longer hospital stay
(c) Equivalent primary patency
(d) Inferior primary patency but equal
secondary patency
88. Stent grafts as compared to bare metal stents
for management of iliac occlusive disease
are preferable:
(a) In patients with ush occlusions.
(b) In patients with large amount of
thrombus.
(c) In patients with eccentric plaque with
large amount of calcium to decrease
the incidence of rupture.
(d) Stent grafts do not need kissing balloon
stents for contralateral common iliac
disease.
89. Symptomatic iliac artery in-stent restenosis
at 1year occurs at a frequency of:
(a) 5%
(b) 10%
(c) 15%
(d) 20%
90. During iliac stenting for a calcied TASC D
lesion there is contrast extravasation with
hypotension. The optimal method of treatment is:
(a) Open repair.
(b) Prolonged balloon ination.
(c) Covered stent placement.
(d) Reverse the heparin as most perforation
will heal spontaneously.
Part XXV Aortoiliac Stenting
91. A 75-year-old female with symptoms of
intermittent claudication has near focal
occlusion of infrarenal AAA which should
be managed by:
(a) Aortofemoral grafting
(b) Aortoiliac endograft
(c) Covered stent
(d) Bare metal stent
92. A 60-year-old female with multiple comorbidities and near occlusion of distal abdominal aorta with plaque extension into common
iliac artery should be treated with:
(a) Aortobifemoral graft
(b) Aortoiliac endarterectomy
(c) Aortic stent
(d) Bilateral kissing stents extending into
distal abdominal aorta
Part XXVI Percutaneous
Intervention forInfrainguinal
Arterial Disease
93. A large heel ulcer in a patient with diabetes
mellitus, popliteal artery disease, infrapopliteal artery disease, and multiple comorbidities should be treated with:
(a) Popliteal endarterectomy
(b) Distal SFA to tibial bypass
(c) Popliteal angioplasty/Supera stenting
(d) Local wound care
94. Patient develops severe focal stenosis of
femoral-posterior tibial bypass (autogenous
vein) near the distal anastomosis 6 months
following bypass. Management should be:
(a) Open repair with vein patch
(b) Percutaneous angioplasty
(c) Serial duplex evaluation with medical
management
(d) Vein bypass graft
Part XXVII Endovascular Therapy
forMesenteric Ischemia
95. Patient with SMA stenosis and IMA occlusion develops ischemic gangrene of small
bowel. Best management is:
(a) Bowel resection only
(b) SMA angioplasty and stenting only
(c) Hybrid approach with SMA stenting
and bowel resection
(d) Bowel resection with second look opera-
tion without SMA stenting
478
101 100 Multiple Choice Questions
96. In-stent restenosis of SMA is best treated
with:
(a) Surgical bypass
(b) SMA endarterectomy
(c) Stent angioplasty
(d) Thrombolysis of the SMA
97. A 57-year-old female with infrarenal aortic
occlusion presents with abdominal pain, elevated WBC, and increased lactate which
improves with hydration and correction of
electrolyte imbalance. The best next option is:
(a) CTA abdominal aorta and iliac arter-
ies to evaluate visceral artery
occlusion
(b) Laparotomy and bowel resection
(c) Laparotomy and closure of abdomen
with second look 24hours later
(d) Translumbar aortogram
Part XXVIII Renal Artery Stenting
98. Results of CORAL trial showed that renal
angioplasty/stenting for atherosclerotic renal
artery stenosis is:
(a) Superior to medical management of
renovascular hypertension
(b) Inferior to medical management of reno-
vascular hypertension
(c) Equivalent to medical management of
renovascular hypertension
(d) Markedly superior in preserving renal
function
Part XXIX Subclavian Artery Stenting
99. Subclavian artery stenting for symptomatic
subclavian artery occlusion at its orice
should be performed via:
(a) Femoral artery approach
(b) Left axillary artery approach
(c) Left brachial artery approach
(d) Combined right brachial and left femo-
ral approach
Part XXX Acquired Arteriovenous Fistula
100. Acquired AV stula arising from branches
of axillary artery is best managed by:
(a) Sclerotherapy
(b) Covered stent excluding the feeding
branches of axillary artery
(c) Surgical excision
(d) Coil embolization with coaxial
microcatheter using access from bra-
chial artery, basilic vein, and cephalic
vein
Index
A
AAA, see Abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAAs, see Abdominal aortic aneurysm and scoliosis
Abdominal and pelvic aortogram, 388
Abdominal aorta, mycotic aneurysms, 468
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), 43, 53, 55, 327,
328, 331, 337
CT scan, 47, 53
CTA, 53
double inferior vena cava, 468
azygos /hemiazygos continuation, 25
congenital anomalies, 25
incidence, 24
intraoperative ndings, 24
left iliac artery occlusion, 23
left-sided IVC, 24
mobilization, 25
post-operative ndings, 24, 25
renal venous collar, 25
types, 25
left common iliac aneurysm, 53
liver cirrhosis, 31, 32
management options for, 467
massive blood loss, 48
pelvic kidney
aneurysmectomy, 20
arterial supply, 20
axillofemoral graft, 20
cold renal perfusion/temporary renal shunting, 21
CT angiography, 20
Dacron graft, 20
hybrid technique, 21
in situ renal perfusion, 20
normal glucoheptonate renal blood ow, 20
physical examination, 19
preoperative arteriography, 20
preoperative imaging, 21
procedure, 19
renal anomalies, 21
temporary perfusion, 21
posterior wall rupture, 47
pre-surgical screening, 55
PTT, 55
repair
endovascular treatment, 17
IMA reimplantation, 16
inferior mesenteric artery patency, 17
large collateral artery, 15, 16
open surgical repair, 17
paraplegia, 40, 41
patent aortic graft with mild stenosis, 16, 17
physical examination, 15
re-implanted IMA, 16
right common iliac aneurysm, 53
rupture of, 468
symptomatic
back pain, 47
femoral neuropathy pain, 47
inguinal hernia pain, 47
testicular pain, 53
3D reconstruction, 53
with thickened wall, 53
Abdominal aortography, 43
Abdominal compartment syndrome, 308
Abdominal incision, 47
Abdominal ultrasonography, 43
Aberrant right subclavian, 341–344
Aberrant subclavian artery aneurysm, 475
Acquired arteriovenous stula, 478
of axillary artery, 461–463
Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI), 232, 233, 445
Acute pancreatitis, 60
Addison’s disease, 413
Adipofascial ap, 52
Adventitial cystic disease, of popliteal artery, 473
Aggressive redo lower extremity arterial
AMPLATZER
Amputation site, healing of, 428
Amrinone, 43, 44
reconstruction, 252
TM
plug embolization, 89
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
S. S. Hans, Challenging Arterial Reconstructions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44135-7
479
480
Index
Anastomotic aneurysm, 467
AneuRx graft, 283
Aneurysmal dilation, 47
Aneurysmal wall, 54
Aneurysmectomy, 20
Angioplasty, femoral-tibial in situ vein bypass stenosis,
425, 428–430
Ankle brachial index (ABI), 296, 395, 425
Antegrade aortic- superior mesenteric
artery bypass, 229, 473
Anterior spinal ligament, 47, 468
Anticoagulants, 476
TM
Aorx
device, 271, 474
Aortic aneurysm, 44
reconstruction, 204
Aortic aneurysmal wall, 44
Aortic bilateral common iliac, aortobifemoral
graft for, 473
Aortic graft infections
antibiotics, 218
classication, 217
comorbidities, 218
in-situ revascularization, 218
multiple classication systems, 218
predictive factors, 218
principles, 218
risk factors, 218
unilateral limb excision, 218
Aortic neck angulation, 47
Aortic neck rupture
balloon angioplasty, 286
exclusion, 283, 284
extravasation, 284
horseshoe kidney, 283
snorkel/chimney techniques, 286
Type IA endoleak, 284–286
Type II endoleak, 284, 285
Aortic tear, management of, 467
Aortic wall, partial resolution, inammatory
changes in, 54
Aortobifemoral bypass graft, 216
Aortobifemoral grafting, 50, 56, 472
Aortobifemoral reconstruction, 54
Aortoenteric stula, 45
Aorto-femoral bypass, 468
Aortofemoral graft reconstruction, 100
Aorto-femoral grafting, 472, 477
complications, 222
follow-up evaluation
aorto-bifemoral graft with right graft limb
stenting, 208
deep femoral artery, 208
femoral anastomoses, 207
lumbar spine surgery, 207, 209
non-invasive testing, 209
right femoral bruit, 207
history, 221
horseshoe kidney
abdominal aortic reconstruction, 197
ankle and toe brachial index, 195
CTA, 195, 197
left common and external iliac artery occlusion,
195, 196
patient history, 195
physical examination, 195
TASC-D aortoiliac artery, 195
infected (see Infected aorto-bifemoral graft)
infra-renal aortic occlusion, 221, 222
abdominal aorta, 211
pararenal aorta dissection, 212
patient history, 211
physical examination, 211
post-operative CTA, 211, 213
proximal anastomosis, 211
suprarenal aorta, 212
ischemic ulcer, right heel, 221, 222
juxtarenal occlusion, 472
patient history, 207
physical examination, 207, 221
redo aorto-bifemoral graft (see Redo aorto-bifemoral
graft)
right femoral-popliteal in situ bypass, 222, 224
right supercial femoral artery occlusion, 221, 223
spiral vein graft (see Spiral vein graft)
thrombosed right femoral anastomotic
aneurysm, 224
Aortogram, 387
Aortoiliac graft, 55
Aortoiliac graft reconstruction, 44
Aortoiliac occlusive disease, 208
redo aortofemoral graft for, 472
Aortoiliac reconstruction, 86, 468
Aorto-Iliac stenting, 388, 477
inferior mesenteric artery, isolated aortic stenosis at,
409–411
Aorto-mesenteric bypass, 473
Aorto-uniiliac stent graft, 474
aortography and pelvic arteriography, 287, 288
complications, 288
contralateral hypogastric artery perfusion, 288
history, 287
physical examination, 287
Type III endoleak, 287
®
Armada
balloon, 455
Arterial access, 389
Arterio-venous stula, 266, 267, 462, 474
Arteritis, 200
Asymptomatic iliac artery aneurysm, 86
Atheromatous debris, hypothesized embolization of, 60
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, 451
Autogenous composite vein bypass
catheter-directed thrombolysis, 251
completion arteriography, 250
diffuse intimal hyperplastic lesions, 251
endovascular intervention, 250
endovenous ablative procedures, 251
history, 249
interosseous membrane and distal anastomosis, 250
patent femoral anterior tibial artery bypass, 250, 251
pre-operative arteriography, 249
revascularization procedures, 250
venous mapping, 250
Index
481
Axillary artery, acquired arteriovenous
stula of, 461–463
Axillary-bifemoral bypass, 218
Axillofemoral bypass graft, 192
Axillofemoral grafting, 20, 51, 204
Azur peripheral HydroCoil Embolization System, 95
B
Balloon angioplasty, 435
Balloon ination, 404
BASIL bypass, 423
Bilateral axillofemoral bypass, 37
Bilateral axillofemoral grafting, 469
Bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms, 291
Bilateral external iliac arteries, 54
Bilateral kissing stents, 414, 477
Bilateral severe carotid artery stenosis, 163
Bilateral supercial femoral artery occlusive disease, 241
Bilious gastric output, 59
Bookwalter retractor, 54
Brachial artery access, iliac stenting, chronic total
occlusion, 387, 389
C
Calcic disease, 241, 242
Calcic stenosis, 413
Candida parapsilosis, 216
Cardiac debrillation, 44
Cardiovascular Outcomes in Renal Atherosclerotic
Lesions (CORAL), 451
Carotid aneurysm, open repair of, 470
Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS), 368
Carotid arteriogram, 367
Carotid artery stenting (CAS), 182, 371, 373, 374, 380,
382
Carotid bifurcation, 145
Carotid body tumor, resection of, 471
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA), 53, 395, 471, 472
for symptomatic radiation induced carotid stenosis
bilateral severe carotid artery stenosis, 163
bovine pericardial patch, 164
follow up carotid duplex study, 164
hematoma, 165, 166
history, 163
intra-operative, 164
irradiated neck, 166
left neck with hematoma, 164, 165
medical comorbidities, 163
physical examination, 163
post-operative, 164
radiation induced carotid stenosis, 165
total parenteral nutrition, 164
transient ischemic attack, 164
history, 171
intracerebral hemorrhage, 159–161
mandibular subluxation
C1 and C2 vertebral body, 151
carotid bifurcation, 152
contralateral compression, 153
high plaque distal exposure, 152
history and physical examination, 151
mandibular condyle, 153
procedure, 151, 152
right internal carotid artery with calcied plaque,
151
M-1 segment of middle cerebral artery
antegrade catheterization, 171
defect and spasm, 172
hypoglossal nerve, 171
intraoperative stroke, 174
occlusion, 172
perioperative stroke, 173, 174
physical examination, 173
re-establishment of ow in, 174
nonconvulsive status epilepticus
circle of Willis, 168
Hemashield-Finesse patch graft, 167
hemodynamic mechanism, 169
history, 167
hyperperfusion syndrome, 168
impaired autoregulation, 169
lateralizing epileptiform discharges, 167, 169
partial complex ictal events, 167
patent left carotid endarterectomy site, 167, 168
physical examination, 167
post carotid endarterectomy thrombosis, 170
ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, 167
severe left internal carotid stenosis, 167, 168
physical examination, 171
recent minor stroke, 149, 150
recurrent carotid stenosis, 177–179
speech therapy, 173
stroke with high plaque
bovine pericardial patch, 185, 186
carotid arteriogram completion, 185, 186
cranial nerve injury, 186
glossopharyngeal nerve injury, 187
patient history, 185
physical examination, 185
stenosis of right internal carotid artery, 186
stenting vs. CREST 1 trial, 185
for symptomatic radiation induced carotid stenosis
bilateral severe carotid artery stenosis, 163
bovine pericardial patch, 164
follow up carotid duplex study, 164
hematoma, 165, 166
history, 163
intra-operative, 164
irradiated neck, 166
left neck with hematoma, 164, 165
medical comorbidities, 163
physical examination, 163
post-operative, 164
radiation induced carotid stenosis, 165
total parenteral nutrition, 164
transient ischemic attack, 164
with intra-operative stroke
high grade stenosis, 155
history, 155
indwelling shunt, 156, 157
482
Index
Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) (cont.)
peripheral branches of middle cerebral artery, 156
physical examination, 155
plaque embolization, 157
satisfactory endarterectomy site, 156
Carotid interposition graft, 472
carotid stent removal, 181
common carotid artery resection, 182
distal end to end anastomosis, 183
endovascular therapy, 182
exposed carotid bifurcation, 182
history, 181
operative specimen in stent, 182
physical examination, 181
Trevo embolectomy, 181
Carotid interposition vein graft stenosis, 146–148
Carotid revascularization endarterectomy vs. stenting
trial (CREST), 376
Carotid stenosis, 472, 476
Carotid stenting, 375, 376, 380, 476
Catheter aortogram, 388
Celiac artery angioplasty, 444
Celiac artery balloon angioplasty, 444
Celiac artery occlusion, 440, 441
Cerebral edema, 159
Cerebral ischemia, 174
Cervical hematoma, 187
Chest radiography, 43
Chronic inammation, 468
Chronic ischemia, covered iliac stenting, 395, 397
Chronic limb ischemia, 423
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 49, 291
CT scan, 49
pathological report, 50
Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI), 231, 232
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 291,
381, 413
Chronic total occlusion, iliac stenting for, 387–389
Cirrhosis, 468
Clamp trauma, 178
CLL, see Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Clot-promoting activity, 55
Coaxial microcatheter, 478
Coil embolization, 291, 292, 361, 363, 461, 463,
470, 478
Colon ischemia, 16
Common carotid artery (CCA), 371, 380
Common iliac artery
aneurysm, 81–83
covered stent placement, ush occlusion, 391–393
Common iliac stent, 401
Congestive heart failure, 43
Contralateral GSV, 473
Contralateral non-reversed greater
saphenous vein, 237, 238
Contrast extravasation, 404
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), 349, 355
Covered bilateral iliac artery stenting, 413–415
Covered iliac stenting, chronic ischemia, 395, 397
Covered stent, 410, 477
Covered stent placement, for ush occlusion, 391–393
Cranial nerve injury, 137, 186
CREST trial, 476
Critical limb ischemia, 237, 238
Crossover femoral-femoral graft
aortography and pelvic arteriography, 287, 288
complications, 288
contralateral hypogastric artery perfusion, 288
graft limb occlusion, 296
history, 287
mid supercial femoral artery, 287, 290
physical examination, 287
Type III endoleak, 287
Cryopreserved arterial allograft, 469
CTA abdominal aorta, 478
Cyanotic discoloration
of left index nger, 455
resolution of, 456
D
Dacron graft, 44, 50, 54, 61, 191, 192
Deep venous system, 200, 204
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 265
Deployed stent graft, 397
Digoxin (Lanoxin), 43
Direct aortic reconstruction, 197
Distal abdominal aorta, occlusion of, 414
Distal anastomosis, 427
angioplasty, 426
Distal aortic ectasia, 396
Dominant renal arteries, 61
DSA left axillary artery, 462
Dual antiplatelet therapy, 187
Duodenal obstruction, 60
incidence of, 469
Duodenal wall, 44
Duodenojejunal exure, 60
Duodenum, serosal tear of, 60
E
Echocardiogram ejection fraction, infrarenal abdominal
aortic aneurysm, 50
Embolectomy, 172
Embolic protection devices (EPD), 445
End diastolic velocity (EDV), 375
Endarterectomy for treatment of carotid artery stenosis
(CREST 1) trial, 185
EndoAnchors, 275, 276
Endograft (EVAR), 469
Endoleaks
AneuRx graft, 279
CTA examination, 280
iliolumbar artery and contrast injection, 279, 280
mesenteric artery and bilateral hypogastric
arteriogram, 280
Type I endoleak, 280, 281
Type IA endoleak, 280, 281
Type II endoleak, 279–282
Endologix AFX Endovascular System, 309
Endologix graft, 305, 306