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Comprehensive ENT
MahmutTayyarKalcioglu NurayBayarMuluk HermanArthurJenkinsEditors
Otology Updates
Comprehensive ENT
CemalCingi, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir,Türkiye
As technology progresses, there are continuous advances in every medical subspeciality, and otorhinolaryngology/ENT is a particularly outstanding example of this. ENT lends itself well to the development of innovative and sophisticated solutions, including those affecting the vital area of airway management. Rhinoplasty and related cosmetic procedures are now a well-established part of ENT practice, and make major contributions to patient well-being, quality of life and social function. The series also covers the key principles involved in the use of social media for advertising and sharing cosmetic outcomes, from minor procedures to full-scale surgical operations. The series gathers ENT and related sub-specialty experts from across the globe and translates their knowledge into easily accessible, well-structured summaries of the current state of knowledge, with accompanying illustrations, diagrams and summary tables. Each volume is under the leadership of editors who are thoroughly familiar with the area covered and understands exactly which information is of most relevance and interest to those entering the eld for the rst time or seeking to update their existing knowledge. The series both outlines precisely the current state of the art in each area of ENT practice and shows where the future of the feld may lie. The fundamental scientifc basis of various disorders is covered, including molecular and cellular aspects, as well as diagnostic practice and the appropriate use of investigations. Historical aspects will be covered where they cast light on the general direction of the specialty. The latest developments in clinical management, disease prevention and public health aspects are described. The series shows how these multiple scientifc and clinical aspects can be best understood in supporting an individual, personalized approach to patient care that fts the patient-centered ethos of twenty-frst century ENT healthcare.
Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu Nuray BayarMuluk • Herman Arthur Jenkins
Editors
Otology Updates
Editors
Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu Department of Otorhinolaryngology Istanbul Medeniyet University Istanbul, Türkiye
Herman Arthur Jenkins Department of Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery University of Colorado Aurora, CO, USA
Nuray BayarMuluk Department of Otorhinolaryngology Kırıkkale University Kirikkale, Türkiye
ISSN 2731-6742 ISSN 2731-6750 (electronic) Comprehensive ENT ISBN 978-3-031-76172-0 ISBN 978-3-031-76173-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76173-7
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
If disposing of this product, please recycle the paper.

Preface

As editors, we are honoured and delighted to have the opportunity to publish this book entitled Otology Updates. In preparation, we solicited contributions from world-class authors, each with superior knowledge in their eld, and awareness of the complexities brought about by the incredible stage that science has reached in the twenty-rst century. We wish to thank our authors for accepting our offer elevat­ing the book to the next level. Our aim was to provide a resource for anyone inter­ested in the ear and its related functions. We believe that this book has the potential to be translated into different world languages to reach more readers in the future.
Our aim was to provide the reader with the most up-to-date information, nd­ings, and treatment options in an organised manner, starting with embryology, anat­omy and physiology. It is intended to be useful not only to residents in training, but also to specialists and academics at all levels of otolaryngology practice. It will be a resource book with the most up-to-date information and treatment options to which ENT physicians and students will refer.
We wish to thank all our mentors who have contributed to our own personal development. We would like to thank our families and friends for their support and understanding as we intensively worked through the intensive development phase of the book. We especially wish to thank all the authors who contributed to the chap­ters of the book. A special thank you to our developmental support team goes to Batın Berkay Öznacar, MD, who made an extraordinary effort in the linguistic edit­ing, to Springer Publishing House, which undertook the publication of the book, and to Smitha Diveshan, who contributed greatly to the compilation of the book.
Istanbul, Turkey MahmutTayyarKalcioglu Kirikkale, Turkey NurayBayarMuluk Aurora, CO, USA HermanArthurJenkins
v

Contents

Part I Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology of Auditory System
1 Outer–Middle–Inner Ear and Central Hearing
System Anatomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Oguzhan Oguz, Cemal Cingi, and Joao Flavio Nogueira
2 Outer–Middle–Inner Ear Embryology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Selin Dayisoylu, Nuray Bayar Muluk, and Taine C. Arbor
3 Physiology of the Peripheral and Central Hearing System . . . . . . . . . . 25
Mustafa Baran, Erdoğan Bulut, Şeref Erdoğan, and Atrur Lorens
4 Eustachian Tube: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Zeynel Öztürk, Nuray Bayar Muluk, and Gabriela Kopacheva-Barsova
5 Temporal Bone Radiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Mehmet Bilgin Eser, Umut Perçem Orhan Söylemez, and Gazanfer Ekici
Part II Hearing and Management of Hearing Loss
6 Sound and Acoustics: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Neslihan Sarı, İbrahim Çukurova, Cemal Cingi, and Nuray Bayar Muluk
7 Acoustics, Psychoacoustics, and Properties of Sound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Mustafa Yüksel, Onursal Önen, and Bernhard U. Seeber
8 Behavioral and Electrophysiological Tests in Audiology . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Ebru Kösemihal, Ömer Faruk Süloğlu, Mohamad Alfarghal, and Suzanne C. Purdy
9 Basic Definition, Classification, and Characteristics
of Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Ateş Mehmet Akşit and Ferda Akdaş
vii
viii
Contents
10 Otologic History Taking and Basic Examination Techniques . . . . . . . . 189
Serdal Celik, Sekib Umihanic, Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu, and Suat Ozbilen
11 Selection and Application Principles of Hearing Aids
in Pediatric and Adult Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Bahtiyar Celikgun, Bulent Serbetcioglu, and Moo Kyun Park
Part III Outer Ear Pathologies and Management
12 Auricula Anomalies and Auricula Atresia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Zeynel Öztürk, Oguzhan Oguz, and Nuray Bayar Muluk
13 Otoplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Remzi Dogan, Tamer Erdem, and Orhan Ozturan
14 External Ear Tract Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Murat Kar, Cemal Cingi, and Eleftherios Ferekidis
15 Auricula Tumors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
Mustafa Altıntaş, Nuray Bayar Muluk, and Rajko Jovic
Part IV Middle Ear Pathologies and Management
16 Acute Suppurative Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Ali Budak, Cemal Cingi, and Kevin A. Peng
17 Otitis Media with Effusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Ayse Yasemin Gunduz, Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu, Ozgur Yigit, and Haytham Kubba
18 Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
Mehmet İlhan Şahin, Burcu Bakıcı, and Dusan Milisavljevic
19 Cholesteatoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Mehmet Tan, Suat Turgut, and Ercolo di Martino
20 Retraction Pockets and Adhesive Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Beldan Polat, Kadir Serkan Orhan, and Badr Eldin Mostafa
21 Complications of Otitis Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
Serkan Şerier, Suela Sallavaci, and Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu
22 Basic Otological Surgical Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
Hakan Bayraktar, Mete Iseri, and Marco Mandala
23 Tympanoplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Isa Kaya, Tayfun Kirazli, and John L. Dornhoffer
24 Ossiculoplasty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Gokce Tanyeri Toker, Onur Celik, and Herman Arthur Jenkins
Contents
25 Tympanomastoidectomy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Yüksel Olgun, Cem Uzun, and Simon Ignacio Angeli
26 Otosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Özgür Sürmelioglu, Nazım Korkut, and Herman Arthur Jenkins
27 Tympanosclerosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 535
Volkan Yücel, Ali Özdek, and Milan Stankovic
28 Postoperative Care and Follow-Up After Otologic Surgery . . . . . . . . . 551
M. Zeki Yalçın, M. Tayyar Kalcıoğlu, and Slobodan Spremo
29 Eustachian Tube Dysfunction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Yüksel Olgun, Vedat Topsakal, and Cuneyt Alper
30 Auto Inflation in Otitis Media with Effusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 575
Nihat Susaman, Nuray Bayar Muluk, Glenis Scadding, and Cemal Cingi
31 Granulomatous Diseases of Temporal Bone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Noor Dina Hashim, Shahizon Azura Mohamed Mukari, and Asma Abdullah
Part V Inner Ear Diseases and Management
32 Tinnitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603
Murat Erinc, Agnieszka J. Szczepek, and Jae-Jin Song
ix
33 Hyperacusis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
Murat Erinc, Agnieszka J. Szczepek, and Jae-Jin Song
34 Presbycusis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 635
Teslime Nur Deveci, Mustafa Deniz Yilmaz, Maria Domuta, and İbrahim Hizalan
35 Otological Manifestations of Systemic Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 653
Abdulkadir Bucak, Nazim Bozan, Orhan Yilmaz, and Michael J. Ruckenstein
36 Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669
Nurullah Türe, Armağan Incesulu, and Ronen Perez
37 Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Elif Baysal, Erol Selimoglu, and Abdulrahman Hagr
38 Perilymphatic Fistula . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 705
Abdulvahap Akyigit, Turgut Karlidag, and Tetsuo Ikezono
x
Contents
Part VI Audiology
39 Newborn Hearing Screening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
Yusuf K. Kemaloğlu
40 Functional Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
Serpil Mungan Durankaya, Günay Kırkım, and Anna Rita Fetoni
41 Hidden Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Züleyha Dilek Gülmez, Eyyup Kara, and Anna Rita Fetoni
42 Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775
Merve Torun Topcu, Gunay Kirkim, and Agnieszka J. Szczepek
43 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 799
Utku Yılmaz, Kemal Gorur, and Adriana Neagos
44 Central Auditory Processing Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
Rezzan Okyay Budak, Cemal Cingi, and Nuray Bayar Muluk
45 Motion Sickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
Tugberk Sebit, Nuray Bayar Muluk, and Cemal Cingi
46 Audiology and Otology in Geriatric Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
Bilgehan Çelik, Cemal Cingi, and Nuray Bayar Muluk
47 Occupational Health from an Otologic and Audiological Perspective . 837
Nurdogan Ata, Nuray Bayar Muluk, and Cemal Cingi
48 Experimental Studies in Otology and Audiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 849
Hande Evin Eskicioğlu, Günay Kırkım, Ewa Domarecka, and Agnieszka J. Szczepek