Элементарно об английских предлогах и фразовых глаголах = English Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs Elementary. Пособие

mas holiday. Although we don’t play ... Christmas Day, we do play

... December 26th, so I can’t eat or drink too much! It would be nice to spend more time with my family ... that day, but I can’t.

On time and in time

1On time means ‘at exactly the right time’.

The buses are very unreliable. They never arrive on time. (= at exactly the right time)

In my school the classes always start on time. (=at exactly the right time)

2In time means ‘early enough’.

He discovered the fire in time to stop it spreading. (=early enough to stop it)

I hope my leg gets better in time for the football match on Saturday. (=early enough for the match)

1. Fill in: on time or in time.

1.I didn’t arrive ... to see her before she left. 2. The bus service is terrible; the buses are never ... . 3. I hope my car will be repaired

... for the weekend. 4. She’s very punctual. She always arrives ... .

5.She didn’t arrive ... to say goodbye to him. 6. I don’t think I’ll be home ... to see the film on TV this evening.

2.Fill in: on time or in time.

Mr Savage was driving very fast last night because he wanted to be home ... for the late film. He knew it probably wouldn’t start ... but

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he didn’t want to take any chances. Suddenly, a boy on a bicycle appeared in front of his car and Mr Savage just managed to stop

... to avoid hitting him. He was so frightened by this that he drove the rest of the way home very slowly. Unfortunately, the film had started ... and he missed the first half hour of it.

At the beginnng and in the beginning

1At the beginning (of) means ‘at the point where something starts’.

There’s usually a preface at the beginning of a book.

2In the beginning means ‘at first, originally’.

I found computer programming difficult in the beginning.

At the end and in the end

1At the end means ‘at the point where something stops’.

We’re going on holiday at the end of this week. At the end of the film I felt very sad.

2In the end means ‘finally’ or ‘after some time’.

We couldn’t decide what to do yesterday evening. In the end we decided to stay at home.

At first I didn’t like him, but in the end we became good friends.

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1. Fill in with: at the end or in the end.

1.I hated school at first, but ... I quite enjoyed it. 2. They’re going to Italy ... of next week. 3. At first, he didn’t want to come with us on holiday, but ... he changed his mind. 4.1 looked everywhere for my wallet and ... I found it in my jacket. 5. She’s starting work ... of May. 6. We were all exhausted ... of the journey. 7. We were going to walk home, but ... we decided to take a taxi.

2.Fill in with: at the beginning, at the end, in the beginning or in the end.

I started a new job as a telephone operator ... of this year. I found the job rather complicated ..., but I got used to it ... . I’m quite good at it now, and I’m getting a pay-rise ... of this month. I’ve got a month’s holiday soon, starting ... of July and finishing ... of September. I couldn’t decide where to go at first, but I decided on Malta ... .

Time: in, during, for, while

1In and during

aWe can use both during and in to refer to a period of time, often with the same meaning.

We were in Rome during/in the summer.

It snowed during/in the night.

bWe prefer during to say that something continues all through a period.

We were in Rome during the whole of the summer. (Not: ... in the whole of the summer.)

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c We use during, not in, to refer to an activity eg a visit or a meal (rather than a period of time).

We visited the Colosseum during our visit to Rome. (Not: ... in our visit to Rome.)

During lunch I explained my plans. (Not: In lunch ...)

2During, for and while

aDuring says when something happens; for says how long something continues. Compare:

bWhile has the same meaning as during. We use during + noun; but while + clause.

1.Complete the sentences using during, in, for or while. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1. Some people were talking in the cinema ... the film. 2. We’ve been waiting ... almost an hour. 3. Something woke me up ... the night. 4. I was on holiday ... two weeks ... the spring. 5. I saw Sue

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... my visit to London. 6. They stopped work ... half an hour ...

the afternoon. 7. We visited some interesting places ... we were in London. 8. I’ll be in France ... the whole of September. 9. Someone broke into their flat ... they were away on holiday.

2. Fill in: during or while.

We went to a few tropical islands ... the summer holiday last year. My parents spent most of their time in the hotel ... I was sunbathing on the beach. ... a boat journey from one island to another there was a terrible storm. My mother was seasick ... the trip, ...

my father and I were trying to help her.

Time: by, until, from ... to/until, before, after

1By and until

We use until (or till) to mean ‘up to the time when’; we use by to mean ‘not later than’.

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2From ... to/until

The shop opens from 8.30 to 5.30 every day.

I’ll be on holiday from Monday until/till Friday next week.

3Before and after

I’ll be home before 6 o’clock.

After dinner we went for a walk.

1.Complete the sentences using by, until, from ... to, after, before. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1.I waited ... half past eight ... nine o’clock, but she didn’t come.

2.They hope to finish the job ... Thursday next week. 3. He normally works ... Monday ... Friday. 4. How many more weeks are there ... your holiday? 5. If you want a ticket for the concert, let me know ... next Wednesday at the latest. 6. We won’t start the meeting ... everyone is here. 7. We were tired ... our visit to the cinema. 8. The film starts at 8.10, so we must be at the cinema ...

8.00 at the latest.

2. Fill in with: by, by the time, until/till or at.

When I went out last Saturday I told my father I’d be back ...

1 o’clock at the latest. However, I was having such a good time that I didn’t even look at my watch ... 2.30! ... I found a taxi to take me home it had gone 3 o’clock, and I finally arrived home

... 3.30. My father was furious and told me I’d have to be home ...

7 o’clock every night of the week ... the end of the month!

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3. Fill in with: within, after, afterwards or from ... to / until / till.

I’m in trouble with my history teacher. He gave us a project to finish ... a week, and I haven’t even started it yet. I was going to do it ... dinner on Thursday, but my friend phoned and invited me out to the cinema. He didn’t tell me we were going to a party ... ! We stayed at the party ... 11 o’clock ... 3.00 in the morning. Now it’s Friday and the History class starts at 2 pm. If I don’t finish the project ... the next two hours, my teacher will probably make me stay behind ... school.

For, since, ago, before

1We use for with a period of time to say how long something continues in the past, present or future.

We were in Rome for ten days last August. They usually go on holiday for two weeks every summer.

I’ll be in Manchester for the next three days.

2We often use for and since with the present perfect to talk about things that have continued over a period.

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3Ago is an adverb meaning ‘before now’.

It’s 10 o’clock now. Sue left two hours ago. (= Sue left at 8 o’clock.)

Ago comes after an expression of time.

She left a few minutes ago.

Six months ago they moved to Manchester.

Note the question How long ago ... ? eg How long ago did she leave?

We use ago with a past tense, not the present perfect. For example, we cannot say She has left a few minutes ago.

Compare ago and before:

ago = ‘before now’; before = ‘before a past time’

John left school three years ago; Jane had already left school three years before.

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1. Fill in: for, since, ago, before.

1.My grandparents visited Edinburgh ... two weeks in 1980. They had been there five years ... , so it wasn’t completely new to them.

2.My brother has been interested in music ... quite a long time. He was given his first guitar 20 years ... . 3. John worked in a travel agency ... six months in 1985. He already had some experience of the tourist industry because he had worked in a Tourist Information office in London two years ... . 4. Patricia started working as a journalist with a newspaper in Madrid ten years ... . She’s been working for the same newspaper ever ... then. 5. Tina moved away from Newcastle five years ... and she hasn’t been back there ...

then. 6.1 haven’t played football ... I was a child. 7. Chris has been talking on the telephone ... ages!

2. Fill in: since or for.

A.John and Norma have been married ... 20 years. They have been living in New York ... 1996. John has been working on Wall Street ... four years and he has made a lot of money ... he started working there. Norma hasn’t worked ... they moved to New York but she has been writing a book ... the past two years. She has had a lot of spare time ... their son left home four years ago to work in France.

B.John Barnes has been in the police force ... 1998. Before that he worked in a supermarket ... two years, but he found it very boring. He has had lots of adventures ... he became a policeman. He was a constable ... three years, then he was promoted to sergeant. He has had to work a lot harder ... then, but he loves his job.

3. Fill in: ago or before.

I met my penfriend, Bill, four days ... . I had never met him ... .

The day ... I saw him I was a bit nervous because I didn’t know

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what he would be like. He comes from America and, although I went there two years ... , we didn’t meet then. When I met him, I discovered that his grandparents used to live near my village 100 years ..., so he might even be a distant relation.

4.Fill in with: ago, after, afterwards, from ... to, before, within, or in the end.

I began English classes six months ... . I had studied English ... at school, but ... leaving, I began to forget a lot of the English I had learnt. Initially I attended classes several times a week and would sometimes study in the library … . … a few weeks of beginning classes my English improved considerably, so I decided ... four months to attend fewer classes and now I only attend one class a week . ... I think I made the right decision; my English is continuing to improve and I have more time to spend with my family. ...

now ... the end of June I will be revising for my exams.

Mixed practice

1. Fill in the gaps with prepositions where necessary.

A. 1. I don’t eat much ... the day, but I always have a big meal ...

the evening 2. I learnt to drive ... four weeks. 3. Columbus discovered America ... the 15th century. 4. ‘I’m going out now. I’ll be back

... 4.30. Will you still be here?’ ‘I don’t think so. I’ll probably have gone ... then.’ 5. We were in Rome ... ten days last August. 6. It’s 10 o’clock now. John left two hours ... . 7. She said she had been shopping ... two hours. 8. I’ve been learning English ... last year.

9.‘How long did you stay at the party last night?’ ‘... midnight.’

10.I’m tired. I’m going to lie down ... a few minutes. 11. ... the exam everybody was nervous. 12. ... dinner we went for a walk.

13.He translated the article ... an hour. 14. The train will be leaving

... a few minutes. 15. They got married ... last March. 16. We often

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