Элементарно об английских предлогах и фразовых глаголах = English Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs Elementary. Пособие

4.Fill in: through, at, on, among, above, between, under, beside, near, in, against or in the middle of.

Mrs Moore is having a party this evening. She’s standing ... her guests ... the room pointing ... a picture ... the fireplace. There’s a lot of food ... the table and ... the table there are several empty bottles. ... the fireplace is the record player. A man is standing ...

it. A waitress is coming ... the door holding a tray of drinks. A man is leaning ... the wall ... two women. They are holding glasses ...

their hands.

5.Complete the description of the scene in the picture using the words in the box. Use each word only once:

There is a cafe ... a supermarket and a post office. A woman is

coming ... the supermarket. Some people are sitting ... the cafe. ...

the post office is a bank. A man is getting ... a bus ... the bank. ...

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the bus there is a girl getting ... a motorbike. An old man is going

... some steps ... the post office; a young woman is coming ... the steps. Another woman is walking ... the road … the bank. Some children and a dog are running ... the street ... the cafe. A car is waiting ... some traffic lights ... the supermarket. Some people are crossing the road ... the car. There is a telephone box ... the corner of the street ... the supermarket. A young man is walking ... the corner.

•Describe your daily journey to school or work, giving full details of your route.

•Find a photo of an outdoor scene. (If possible, use a photo

of your own.) Describe the photo using on the right/left, in the foreground/background, next to and other prepositions.

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ПРЕДЛОГИ ВРЕМЕНИ

at указывает на

1.какой-л. момент или период времени в, на, при, по; передается тж. наречиями; at two o’clock в два часа; at dawn на рассвете; at night ночью; at present в настоящее время; at one’s arrival по прибытии; at parting при расставании

2.возраст в; at the age of 70, at 70 years of age в возрасте 70 лет

after указывает на

1.последовательную смену явлений после; after the revolution после революции; After Sunday comes Monday. За воскресеньем следует понедельник.

2.промежуток времени, точку отсчета или обстоятельство, после которого что-л. происходит после; через, спустя; after two years’ absence после двухлетнего отсутствия; after a year через год; спустя год; after a while через некоторое время; It is after five. Теперь шестой час.

before указывает на предшествование до, раньше; before Christ до рождения Христова; Come before five o’clock. Приходите до пяти часов. They took a walk before dinner. Они погуляли перед обедом.

bу указывает на приближение к какому-л. сроку или ограничение каким-л. сроком:

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1.к; by two o’clock к двум часам; by the end of the year к концу года; by then к тому времени; Не ought to be here by now. (Теперь) он должен был уже быть здесь; by the time that ...

к тому времени, когда ...

2.в течение; by day днем; by night ночью

during [‘djUǝrIŋ] в продолжение, в течение, во время (чего-л.); They lived abroad during the war. Во время войны они жили за границей. Не came during the interval. Он пришел во время перерыва.

for [fɔ:, fə] указывает на

1.длительность в течение; for an hour в течение часа; for two months в течение двух месяцев; for the past (last) three weeks в течение последних трех недель; It rained for three hours yesterday. Вчера три часа шел дождь. I have not been there for five years. Уже пять лет я там не был.

2.срок, на который рассчитано действие на; for a year на год; for a long time надолго; for ever навсегда; This plan is for seven years. Этот план рассчитан на семь лет.

3.час, день и т. п., на который что-л. назначено на; The ceremony was arranged for two o’clock. Церемония была назначена на два часа.

from указывает на начальный момент процесса с, начиная с; She works from Monday to (till/until) Friday. Она работает с понедельника до пятницы.

in указывает на момент времени или период времени, часть суток, время года, месяц, год, век и т. п. :

1.в; вместе с сущ. передается тж. соответствующими наречиями; in the morning утром; in the daytime в дневное вре-

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мя; in January в январе; in 1960 в 1960г.; in the 19th century в XIX в.; in the 80’s, in the eighties в 80-е годы; in recent years в (за) последние годы; in those times в те времена; in (the) future в будущем; in the past в прошлом

2.через; He’ll be here in three hours. Он будет здесь через три часа. The book will come out in a month. Книга выйдет через месяц.

3.в, за, в течение; I did it in two hours. Я сделал это за два часа. The house was built in three months. Дом был построен за три месяца.

on указывает на

1.какой-л. день, момент времени в, на; on Monday в понедельник; on Tuesday week (ровно) через неделю во вторник; on the next (following) day на следующий день; on any day в любой день; on the day of my arrival в день моего приезда; on time вовремя

2.дату – передается род. падежом; on the 1st of May первого мая

3.часть дня в; передается тж. твор. падежом; on the morning of the 3rd of March утром третьего марта; on a rainy autumn evening в дождливый осенний вечер, дождливым осенним вечером; on a dark night темной ночью

4.последовательность событий после, по; с герундием передается тж. деепричастием; on the death of his friend после смерти его друга; on reaching home придя домой

5.одновременность событий во время; по; on a trip во время поездки (путешествия); on his rounds во время обхода, on his full age no достижении им совершеннолетия

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past указывает на

1.более позднее совершение действия позже, за, после; past midnight после полуночи, за полночь; Не stayed up till past eleven. Он лег позже одиннадцати.

2.время по часам; half past seven половина восьмого

since [sins] указывает на начало процесса, непрерывно продолжающегося с какого-л. времени с, со; since Sunday (last year) с воскресенья (с прошлого года); since yesterday со вчерашнего дня; I have been here (ever) since five o’clock. Я здесь с пяти часов.

till/until указывает на момент, вплоть до которого совершается действие; till now (then) до сих (до тех) пор; till tomorrow до завтра; She worked from morning till night. Она работала с утра до вечера. Let’s work till ten. Давайте поработаем до десяти.

towards указывает на приближение к определенному моменту времени к, около; towards evening к вечеру; towards the end of the journey к концу путешествия; He went to bed towards 11 o’clock. Он лег спать около 11 часов.

within [wI’ðIn] указывает на временной предел в течение; не позднее (чем); за; within a week в течение недели, до конца недели; You must answer within three days. Вы должны ответить в течение трех дней (в трехдневный срок).

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Prepositions of time

Time: at, in, on

1We use at, in and on in these ways:

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2We do not use at, on or in before next, last, this, every, all, each, some, any and one.

We’re leaving next Monday.

I’ll see you this evening.

They play tennis every weekend.

We do not use at, on or in before tomorrow and yesterday.

What are you doing tomorrow evening?

3 We normally leave out at when we ask (At) what time ... ?

What time are you leaving?

4We also use in to talk about a period of time in the future.

I’ll be finished in half an hour. (= half an hour from now)

We’re meeting in two weeks. (= two weeks from now)

Note the expression in ... ’s/’ time.

We’re meeting in a week’s time.

We also use in to say how long something takes.

I can walk from my house to the town centre in twenty minutes.

(= it takes me twenty minutes to do this)

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1. Fill in: at, in or on.

2. Fill in the gaps with at, on or in where necessary.

1. Kate doesn’t normally work ... weekends, but she had to work

... last Saturday. 2. We’re leaving ... tomorrow morning, but we’ll be back ... three weeks’ time. 3. Did she send you a card ... your birthday? 4. ... what time does the meeting start ... Monday? 5. I can normally get home from work ... about half an hour ... Friday evenings. 6. They went on holiday to Spain ... Easter and then again ... the summer. 7. The bridge was built ... the 16th century. 8. Do you enjoy driving ... night? 9. I’m taking my driving test

... 4.30 ... July 3rd. 10. He was born ... 1900 and died ... 1972. 11. I’m going to a conference in Egypt ... a week. 12. Can you meet me ... 2 o’clock ... next Saturday afternoon? 13. ‘I’ve got a dentist’s appointment ... Friday.’ ‘Oh, I went to the dentist’s ...

last week.’ 14. ‘What time is your interview?’ ‘It’s ... ten o’clock

... the morning.’ 15. ‘I’m going on holiday ... July.’ ‘Me too. I always go on holiday ... the summer.’ 16. ‘I’m having a party ...

Saturday night.’ ‘Really? Can I come?’ 17. ‘Are you having a piano lesson ... this week?’ ‘Yes. My teacher is coming ... Thursday.’

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18. ‘When did you start working here?’ ‘... 1996, when I left university.’ 19. ‘Jane bought a new car ... yesterday.’ ‘Oh. What’s it like?’ 20. ‘Is Grandma coming to visit us ... Christmas Day?’ ‘Yes. She’ll be here ... lunchtime.’ 21. ‘Dad, when were you born?’ ‘I was born ... 7th June, 1965.’ 22. ‘Shall we meet ... seven o’clock ...

tomorrow?’ ‘Oh, I can’t. I have a meeting ... that time.’ 23. ‘When was the bicycle invented?’ ‘It was invented ... the nineteenth century.’ 24. ‘John and Mary are moving bouse ... November.’ ‘I know. Mary told me ... last week.’ 25. ‘Do you start work ... nine o’clock?’ ‘Oh, no. I never work ... the mornings.’ 26. ‘Shall we go out ... this evening?’ ‘Yes. I’d love to go out ... tonight.’ 27. ‘When does the train to Birmingham leave?’ ‘It leaves ... quarter past eight.’

3. Fill in: at, in, by or on.

Last year ... Easter I went to England for a short holiday. I arrived in London ... Friday ... 11 o’clock ... the evening. I went to my hotel by taxi, which got me there ... about an hour. I was so tired by then that I went straight to bed. When I woke up ... the morning I remembered that I had made an appointment to meet a friend ... 10.30. I thought I could never get ready ... time, but in the end I had reached the cafe ... 10.15. My friend arrived ... time.

... 1 o’clock we went to a restaurant for lunch and ... the afternoon we went to a museum.

4. Fill in: in, on or at.

A footballer’s life starts ... the weekend. Most people go out... Friday night, but I have to be in bed ... 10 o’clock. ... Saturday I get up ... 8 o’clock ... the morning and drive to the stadium ... noon.

... lunchtime our manager talks about the team we are playing. We play most of our games ... the winter and sometimes it can be hard to play ... a cold Saturday afternoon, especially ... January. It isn’t much fun ... Christmas either. We play a lot of games ... the Christ-

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