Элементарно об английских предлогах и фразовых глаголах = English Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs Elementary. Пособие

in [In] указывает на

1.нахождение в пределах или внутри чего-л. в, на; The pencil is in the box. Карандаш в коробке. There is a vase in the picture. На картине находится ваза.

2.нахождение в каком-л. месте в, на; They live in the USA. Они живут в США. Не is working in the fields. Он работает в поле. You must be careful in the street. Нужно быть осторожным на улице.

3.направление или движение внутрь в; Throw the paper in the fire. Брось эту бумагу в огонь. Put the key in the lock. Вставь ключ в замок.

in front of [In׳frΛntəv] перед; Park your car in front of the house. Припаркуйте свою машину перед домом.

inside [In׳saId] внутрь, в; внутри; Let him come inside the house. Пусть он войдет в дом. Не is inside the house. Он в доме.

into [׳Intu:,׳Intə] указывает на движение или направление внутрь чего-л. в; to come into the house войти в дом; to walk into the garden выйти в сад; She poured some milk into the cup. Она налила молока в чашку.

near [nIə] указывает на

1.нахождение вблизи от чего-л. близ, возле, у, около; near the station близ/около/станции; near the river у реки; Не was standing near the table. Он стоял у стола. We live near them. Мы живем близко/ недалеко/от них.

2.приближение к чему-л. к; Bring your chair near the fire. Подвиньте свой стул к камину/к огню/. Don’t come near me. He подходи(те) ко мне (близко).

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next to указывает на нахождение в непосредственной близости к кому-л., чему-л. рядом с, около; a seat next to the window (the fire) место у окна (у камина); His garden is next to mine. Его сад граничит с моим; the house next to ours соседний дом; Our hotel is next to the post office. Наша гостиница (находится) рядом с почтой.

off [ɒf] указывает на

1.удаление или отделение от чего-л. с; to take the pan off the stove снять сковороду с плиты; to fall off a ladder [a horse] упасть с лестницы [с лошади]

2.нахождение на некотором (обычно близком) расстоянии от чего-л. от; a street off the square улица, которая выходит на площадь; ten miles off the island на расстоянии десяти миль от острова; The ship sank off the coast. Судно затонуло недалеко от берега.

on [ɒn]указывает на

1.нахождение на чем-л. или на поверхности чего-л. на; a city on the hill город на холме; a picture on the wall картина на стене; on page four на четвертой странице; a ring on the finger кольцо на пальце; There was deep snow on the ground. Земля была покрыта толстым слоем снега.

2.движение по поверхности по; A fly walked on the ceiling. Муха ползала по потолку.

3.местонахождение или положение около или на границе чего-л. на, у, около; on the horizon на горизонте; on the veranda(h) на веранде; on the border на границе; a cottage on a lake домик у озера; a house on the main road дом около/у/главной дороги

4.нахождение на такой-то реке (в географических названиях) на; Stratford-on-Avon Стратфорд-на-Эйвоне

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onto [‘ɒntU, ‘ɒntə] на, в; Не threw stones onto the track. Он бросал камни на дорогу. Не jumped onto a bus. Он вскочил в автобус.

opposite [‘ɒpəzIt] против, напротив; по другую сторону; Our house is opposite the park. Наш дом (находится) напротив парка. We sat opposite each other. Мы сидели друг против друга.

out of [‘aUtəv] указывает на движение изнутри из; Не took a handkerchief out of his pocket. Он вынул носовой платок из кармана. Go out of the room, please. Выйдите из комнаты, пожалуйста.

outside [aUt’saId] вне; за (пределами); outside the house вне дома; to wait outside the door ждать за дверью

over [‘əUvə] указывает на

1.нахождение или движение над каким-л. предметом над; The lamp hung over/above the table. Лампа висела над столом.

2.положение на каком-л. предмете или поверх него на; His hand was over his heart. Он держал руку на сердце.

3.положение поперек чего-л. через; a bridge over/across a river мост через реку

4.движение через что-л., по чему-л. или через какое-л. препятствие через, по; over the border через границу; to go over the bridge пройти через мост / по мосту /; Не jumped over the wall. Он перепрыгнул через стену.

5.движение или распространение по какой-л. поверхности в определенном или разных направлениях по, на (часто all over); He travelled all over Europe. Он объехал всю Европу; all over the world по всему свету; It snowed all over the valley. По всей долине шел снег.

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past [pɑ:st] мимо; to walk past sb, sth пройти мимо кого-л., чего-л.; Go past the post office and turn left. Пройдите мимо почты и поверните налево.

round [raUnd] указывает на

1.движение вокруг чего-л. или вращение вокруг оси вокруг; The earth moves round the sun. Земля вращается вокруг солнца. We travelled round Europe. Мы объехали всю Европу.

2.нахождение вокруг предмета вокруг, кругом; The children were sitting round the table. Дети сидели вокруг стола.

through [θru:] указывает на прохождение через какой-л. предмет или движение через какую-л. среду через, сквозь; a path (going/leading) through the woods тропинка (ведущая) через лес; Не pushed through the crowd. Он протиснулся сквозь толпу; to walk through the door [the gate] пройти через дверь [ворота]; The stone flew through the open window. Камень влетел в открытое окно.

to [tU, tə] указывает на направление движения, действия в сторону кого-л., чего-л. в, к, на, до; I’m going to the library. Я иду в библиотеку. She went to the station. Она пошла на вокзал. Send him to the manager at once. Пошлите его немедленно к заведующему. Не threw the ball to me. Он бросил мне мяч.

towards [tə’wɔ:dz] указывает на направление движения в сторону кого-л., чего-л. к, по направлению к; They moved [walked] towards the town. Они двигались [шли] (по направлению) к городу. The ship sailed towards the south. Пароход шел по направлению к югу.

under [‘Λndə] указывает на нахождение под каким-л. предметом под; under the bed под кроватью; Не was lying under a tree. Он лежал под деревом.

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up [Λр] указывает на движение

1.снизу вверх по, в, на; to go up a ladder подниматься по лестнице; to climb up a tree влезать на дерево

2.в сторону центра или вдоль какого-л. предмета при направлении к цели к, (вдоль) по; to walk up the street идти по улице к центру города; They were coming up the street to meet us. Они шли по улице нам навстречу. Не walked up the aisle to his seat. Он прошел по проходу к своему месту.

3.по направлению к верховью реки (вверх) по; to sail up the river [the Thames] плыть вверх по реке [по Темзе]; up stream против течения; up the wind против ветра

Prepositions of place and movement

Place: in, at, on

1We use in when we think of a place as three-dimensional.

Simon is in his room.

Do you like swimming in the sea?

We also use in when we think of a place as an area.

We went for a walk in the park.

He’s got a flat in Milan.

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2We use at when we think of a place as a point.

I waited at the bus stop for twenty minutes.

I’ll meet you at the station. (a meeting point)

3We use on when we think of a place as a surface.

What’s that on the floor?

I’ll put this picture on the wall.

We also use on when we think of a place as a line.

Memphis is on the Mississippi River.

Brighton is on the south coast of England.

4With cities, towns and villages, we use at when we think of the place as a point eg a point on a journey.

Our train stops at Brighton.

But we use in when we think of the place itself eg He’s got a flat in Milan.

5With buildings, we can often use at or in.

We had lunch at/in Luigi’s restaurant.

She works at/in the post office.

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We normally prefer at when we think of the building quite generally as a place where something happens.

‘Where were you last night?’ ‘I was at the cinema.’ My brother is at university.

But we use in when we think of the building itself. Compare:

We stayed at the Queens Hotel.

There are fifty bedrooms in the Queens Hotel.

6With addresses, we use at when we give the house number; in British English, we use in when we just give the name of the street.

I live at 42 East Street. I live in East Street.

7We say ‘at the top (of the page), at the bottom (of the page), at the end of the street, at the front, at the back’.

Write your name at the top/at the bottom of the page.

Jack’s house is the white one at the end of the street.

I couldn’t see very well because I was standing at the back.

We say ‘at the front/at the back of a building/hall/ cinema/group of people’ etc.

The garden is at the back of the house.

Let’s sit at the front (of the cinema). (but ‘in the front row’)

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We say ‘on the front/on the back of a letter/piece of paper’ etc.

Write your name on the back of this piece of paper.

9We say ‘(sit) in an armchair (but on a chair), in the street, in the sky, in a photograph/in a picture/in a mirror’.

‘Where did you meet Tom?’ ‘In the street.’ Who is the woman in that photograph?

It was a lovely day. There wasn’t a cloud in the sky. Don’t sit in that armchair. It’s broken.

10We say ‘in the corner of a room’, but ‘at the corner (or on the corner) of a street’.

The television is in the corner of the room.

There is a telephone box at/on the corner of the street.

11We say ‘on the left/on the right (or on the left-/right- hand side), on the ground floor/on the first floor/on the second floor’ etc.

In Britain we drive on the left. (or ... on the lefthand side)

Our flat is on the second floor of the building.

12 We say that a place is on the way to another place.

We stopped at a pretty village on the way to London.

13You can say at school and in school, but there is a difference.

She’s at school. = she is there now:

‘Where’s your sister? Is she (at) home?’ ‘No, she’s at school.’

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She’s in school. = she is a student:

‘Does your sister have a job?’ ‘No, she’s still in (high) school.’

Complete the sentences using the prepositions at, in or on.

Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1. There’s some tea ... the shelf ... the cupboard. 2. Does your train stop ... Lyon? 3. My friend works ... a chemist’s ... the town centre. 4. Turin is ... the north of Italy ... the River Po. 5. Shall we meet ... the station? 6. ‘Is Ken ... the living room?’ ‘No, he’s

... the garden.’ 7. They’re staying ... the Metropole Hotel while they are ... Brighton. 8. Rio de Janeiro is ... the south-east coast of Brazil. 9. There’s a chemist’s ... the corner ... the end of the street. 10. We had lunch ... Mario’s cafe ... Main Road ... our way home. 11. The girl is standing ... the corner of the street. 12. The man is standing ... the corner of the room. 13. Tom is sitting ... an armchair. 14. Ann is standing ... the top of the stairs. 15. The cat is ... the bottom of the stairs. 16. Tom lives ... this building ... the second floor. 17. The dog is ... the back of the car. 18. Tom is ...

the cinema. He is sitting ... the back. (or ... the back row) 19. The post office is ... the left. And the bank is ... the right. 20. Who is the man ... the photograph? Do you know him? 21. The man is standing ... the gate of his house. 22. I usually buy a newspaper

... my way to work in the morning. 23. Last year we had a lovely skiing holiday ... the Swiss Alps. 24. San Francisco is on ... west coast of the United States. 25. When you send a letter, it is a good idea to write your name and address ... the back of the envelope. 26. Look at those beautiful horses ... that field. 27. I saw Jack ...

the football match. 28. Julia is studying medicine ... university. 29. She spends all day sitting ... the window and watching what is happening outside. 30. I was ... Tom’s (house) last night. 31. The rooms ... Tom’s house are very small. 32. Tom’s parents live ...

Nottingham. 33. He lives ... 101 Cornwall Gardens.

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Place and movement: to, from, into (in), out of, on (to), off, inside, outside

We usually say put something in ... (not into):

I put the money in my pocket.

Compare put ... in and take ... out of:

I put the new batteries in the radio.

I took the old batteries out of the radio.

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