Трудности грамматики английского языка = The Complexities of English Grammar. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
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8. He _____ to play the guitar while he ___ in a special home for blind children.
1)had learned, lived
2)leaned, was living
3)learned, had lived
4)had been learning, lived
9. They _____ together for five years and they ____ an argument.
1)were working, had never had
2)have been working, never had
3)worked, were not having
4)had been working, had never had
10.Our hockey players _____ the final match 2 to 3 but right at the end of the match our forward _____ two goals.
1) |
lost, had scored |
3) |
were losing, scored |
2) |
had been losing, was scoring |
4) |
had lost, scored |
?TEST 3. Choose the right variant of the answer.
1. They ___ out after lunch and they ___ just back.
1) |
have gone, |
came |
3) |
went, came |
2) |
went, have |
come |
4) |
have gone, have come |
2. ___ there were very few cars in our country.
1) since 1920 2) in 1920 3) for 20 years 4) now
3. Tom _____ to play Rugby, but now he ____ soccer.
1) |
used, prefers |
3) would to, has preferred |
2) |
was used, prefers |
4) got used, is preferring |
4. How long ____ you the new car when it ____ down?
1) |
were driving, has broken |
3) |
had |
been driving, broke |
2) |
did drive, broke |
4) |
had |
you driven, broken |
5. Look! There are a lot of puddles in the streets. It ___.
1) rained 2) has been raining 3) is raining |
4) has rained |
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6. |
“Where is your car?” — “It ___ repaired at the moment.” |
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1) |
was being |
2) |
is |
3) is being |
4) has been. |
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7. |
“_____ still ____ dinner?” “No, they ___”. |
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1) |
Did ___ have, had finished |
3) Are ___ having, finished |
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2) |
Are__having, have finished |
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4) Do ___ have, having finished |
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8. |
After school she ____ art in order to become a professional painter. |
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1) |
will begin to study |
3) will |
study |
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2) |
is going to study |
4) will be studying. |
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9. |
On their next wedding anniversary they ____ for twenty years. |
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1) |
will be married |
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3) will have been married |
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2) |
is going to be married |
4) will have married |
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10. “What language _____?” “It _____ like Italian” |
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1) |
does she speak, sounds |
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3) is she speaking, is sounding |
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2) |
does she speak, is sounding |
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4) is she speaking, sounds |
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TEST |
4. |
Choose the right variant of the answer |
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1.Harry never catches anything when he goes fishing. If he _____
a fish, he _____ it back into the river.
1) |
catches, would throw |
3) |
catches, throws |
2) |
will catch, throws |
4) |
caught, will throw |
2. I ___ my uncle until he _____ us last year.
1) |
hadn’t met, visited |
3) |
didn’t meet, had visited |
2) |
didn’t meet, visited |
4) |
hadn’t met, had visited |
3. He ____ his bike about 10 miles when the tire ____.
1) |
rode, broke; |
3) |
had ridden, broke |
2) |
was riding, had broken |
4) |
had been ridden, had broken |
4.“When is the cinema closing?” — “Tomorrow. I think it’s _____
knocked down next week.”
1) going to be |
2) going to |
3) having |
4) having been. |
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5. |
Ann ____ for a job since January. |
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1) |
was looking |
4) |
has been looking |
2) |
is looking |
3) |
has looked |
6. |
“_____ TV ?” — “ No, you can turn it off “ |
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1) |
Do you watch |
3) |
Have you been watching |
2) |
Are you watching |
4) |
Have you watched |
7. |
By this time next month I _____. |
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1) |
will retire |
3) |
will have retired |
2) |
retire |
4) |
will be retiring |
8.My classmates _____ me about my clothes which _____ me greatly.
1)always teasing, irritating
2)always teased, was irritating
3)always tease, irritates
4)are always teasing, irritates
9. Somebody _____ just into our garden gate.
1) |
had crashed |
3) |
has been crashing |
2) |
crashed |
4) |
has crashed |
10.Cars _____ faster and more comfortable and no wonder roads
_____ much busier.
1) |
got, got |
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3) |
get, get |
3) |
had got, |
had got |
4) |
are getting, are getting |
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TEST 5. |
Choose the right variant of the answer |
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1. “How much ____ the parcel _____ ?” “I don’t know. The post
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clerk _____ it at the moment” |
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1) |
is weighing, is weighing |
3) weighs, weighs |
2) |
does weigh, is weighing |
4) is weighing, weighs |
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2.I know I said I would phone you as soon as I ____, but I ___
where I _____ your number.
1)would get, couldn’t remember, had written
2)got, can’t remember, wrote
3)got, couldn’t remember, had written
4)would get, can’t remember, had written
3.When I left the airport, the Greens _____ to the Customs official. They _____ some problems with their luggage.
1)still talked, seemed to have
2)were still talking; seemed to be having
3)still talked, were seeming to have
4)were still talking, seeming to have
4.Only once ___ to the Planetarium in the whole time I was in Rome.
1) I went 2) I had gone |
3) had I gone |
4) did I go. |
5.When they arrived, they ____ into the hall. As all the guests arrived at the party, it was obvious that they _____ carefully.
1)are shown, are chosen
2)had been shown, were chosen
3)were shown, had been chosen
4)were shown, were chosen
6. Look! The asphalt is wet. It ____.
1) |
rained |
3) |
is raining |
2) |
has been rained |
4) |
has rained |
7. My roommate _____ my trainers. They are down at the heels.
1) |
wore |
3) |
was wearing |
2) |
has worn |
4) |
has been wearing |
8. I thought you said Ann _____ to the party.
1) went |
2) was going 3) has gone |
4) will go . |
9. I can’t tell you anything. Your application ____ by the directors.
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1) |
was considered |
3) |
are considered |
2) |
is being considered |
4) |
will have considered |
10.An ancient Roman pavement ______under our street not far from the church.
1) |
had |
been found |
3) |
has |
been |
founded |
2) |
was |
found |
4) |
has |
been |
found |
Chapter V. THE INFINITIVE — ing-FORMS — PARTICIPLES
Tenses of the Infinitive.
There are 4 Infinitives in the Active and 2 in the Passive.
AÑTIVE
1.Indefinite Infinitive — to play (refers to the present or future)
2.Continuous Infinitive — to be playing (refers to the action in progress)
3.Perfect Infinitive — to have played (refers to the past)
4.Perfect Continuous — to have been playing (refers to the past and shows the duration of the action)
PASSIVE
1.Present — to be played = to be + past participle (3 form)
2.Perfect — to have been played = to have been + past participle (3 form)
As you see, all the infinitive forms correspond to the verb tenses.
Study the examples
1.John wants to work for this company. (Present and Future)
2.He is glad to be doing this duty. (action in progress)
3.Don’t look for him! He must have gone home.
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NOTE: Perfect infinitive is used with such verbs as believe, know, seem, appear, claim, expect and modal verbs.
4.Susan claims to have been working on the computer all day.
5.Nobody likes to be laughed at and played tricks on.
NOTE: In this sentence there are 2 infinitives and they are joined by and, so the TO of the second one is omitted.
6. He is said to have been invited to take part in the conference.
WE USE to — infinitive
1.To express purpose — He wants to be a doctor.
2.After such verbs as promise, decide, want, advise, agree, refuse, hope, expect, seem, appear, etc.
We decided not to tell him about it.
3.After adjectives such as afraid, ashamed, sorry, glad, nice, happy, willing, etc.
We were sorry to have forgotten about the meeting.
4.After too and enough — He was too tired to go to the party. Jane has enough money to spend the holiday in Cuba.
5.After would like, would love, would prefer (for specific preference).
I would prefer to drink tea now not coffee
6After such pronouns as something, somewhere, anyone, nothing, etc.
I have nothing to tell you.
7.After the expressions: be the first(second, last, best, next)
The captain was the last to leave the burning ship.
8.After only with unexpected and unpleasant event.
He arrived at the airport only to discover that the plane had taken off.
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9.After “It is /was kind (clever, generous, foolish, etc.) of you (him, her, ect)”
It was clever of him not to mention about it in the talk.
10.After the verb such as want to know, ask, wonder, decide, explain, find out + question words what, who, when, where, how but not why.
I was explained how to get to the station.
But: James didn’t know why he had done it.
The bare infinitive is used:
1.After modal verbs (must, can, may, should, needn’t) but not ought to.
He can do it by himself.
2.After would rather, had better, would sooner. You’d better walk there.
3.After feel, hear, see, watch, observe, notice, make, have (заставлять), let when they are used in the active. In the passive toinfinitive is used
The teacher made me rewrite my composition. I was made to rewrite my composition.
But: the verb Get (заставлять) is used with to-infinitive. Jane got her children to go to bed.
The verb “let” in the passive is “was / were allowed” She was allowed to go to the party.
I.Learn the words after which the infinitive is used:
Afford — иметь возможность; claim — претендовать; fail — терпеть неудачу; mean — намереваться; promise — обещать; swear — клясться; agree / consent — соглашаться; forget need refuse; threaten — угрожать; ask, hope, remember, want, wait, wish, plan, learn, decide, offer — предложить; appear — появиться; hesitate — сомневаться; regret — сожалеть; arrange — договориться; beg —
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умолять; care — заботиться; demand — требовать; deserve — заслуживать; expect — ожидать; manage — управлять; pretend — притворяться; struggle — бороться; prepare — приготовить; seem — казаться; volunteer — предлагать услугу.
II. Learn the words after which ING-form is used:
1. |
to delay |
2. |
to postpone (отложить) |
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3. |
to fancy |
4. |
to imagine |
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5. |
to avoid (избегать) |
6. |
to admit (допускать) |
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7. |
to deny |
8. |
to enjoy |
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9. |
to miss |
10. |
to mind (возражать) |
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11. |
to risk |
12. |
to involve (включать в себя) |
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13. |
to practise |
14. |
to appreciate (ценить) |
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15. |
to consider |
16. |
to discuss |
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17. |
continue |
18. |
escape |
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19. excuse |
20. |
to go (sport activities) |
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21. |
to finish |
22. |
to forgive |
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23. |
mention |
24. |
to object to (возражать) |
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25. |
to prevent |
26. |
to resist |
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(помешать) |
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27. |
to recollect |
28. |
to stand (терпеть, выносить) |
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29. |
to suggest |
30. |
to save |
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(предлагать) |
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31. |
to understand |
32. |
to tolerate (терпеть) |
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III.After prepositions: after reading, on coming, without reading, he is good at swimming.
IV. After the expressions:
1. |
there is no point |
2. to have difficulty (in) |
3. somebody is busy |
4. it’s no use |
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5. what is the use of |
6. can’t stand (не могу переносить) |
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7. |
it’s (no) good |
8. can’t help (íå ìîãó) |
9. |
it’s worth (not worth) |
(стоит делать, не стоит делать) |
10. have a hard time |
11. have trouble |
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12. as well as |
13. in addition to |
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14. to have a difficult time |
15. spend / waste time |
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V.After: enjoy, hate, love, like, prefer, dislike to express general preference or liking.
I enjoy swimming, but hate climbing the mountains.
EXERCISE 8. Use the correct form of the infinitive or the -ing form.
1.Will you let me (show) my new picture?
2.It’s snowing. It’s no good (go) out now.
3.I’m sorry, but I really don’t know how (dance) the twist.
4.It was nice of him (help) me with my problems.
5.Don’t interrupt him. He seems ((work) hard on his essay.
6.It’s silly of her (not tell) her parent about her engagement.
7.We are looking forward to (listen) to her new song.
8.He rushed to the airport only (know) that the flight was postponed.
9.Jane suggested (phone) to the cinema (find) out what was on.
10.You should (see) his face when we mentioned Sue’s name.
11.They have been making the model for a long time without (take) a break.
12.Imagine (spend) your holiday in some exotic place!
13.I am too tired (concentrate) on this problem today. Let’s postpone (solve) it.
14.The weather tends (change) for the worse. Let’s (put) aside our plans.
15.Try avoid (meet) strangers in this dangerous place.
Verbs taking the to — infinitive or the -ing form without a change in meaning:
1. Intend, start, continue, begin, propose, bother.
Note: Avoid using two -ing forms together. It’s starting to rain (not raining)
2. Need / require / want + -ing form (when it is necessary to repair or improve something).
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3.Advise, allow, encourage, permit, recommend. Teachers don’t allow students talking in class.
But: Students are not allowed to talk in class.(when they are passive + to infinitive.)
Verbs taking the to — infinitive or the -ing form with a change in meaning.
1.Forget+toinf (= forget to do smth.) I forgot to tell you about it.
Forget+ -ing form (=forget you did smth.)
I can’t forget visiting the Zoo for the first time.
2.Remember + toinf(= remember to do smth.) Please, remember to send the parcel.
Remember + -ing form (= recall past event)
I don’t remember meeting him before.
3.Mean + toinf (= intend to do smth) mean + -ing form (=involve smth)
She means to buy a car, but it means buying a garage.
4.Go on +toinf. (= then, after smth)
He wrote the address and went on to write the letter.
go on + -ing form (=continue)
After talking on the phone he went on writing his report. (до разговора по телефону он тоже писал доклад)
5.Be sorry /regret + to-inf (= apologize for a present action) I am sorry /regret to bother you.
Be sorry / regret + ing form (= feel sorry about for an earlier action.)
I regret / am sorry for/ saying it.
6.Try + toinf. (do one’s best, to attempt) He tried to open the door.
Try + ingform (do smth. as an experiment)
Try drinking tea not coffee.It’ll do you good.
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