Трудности грамматики английского языка = The Complexities of English Grammar. Пособие для подготовки к централизованному тестированию и экзамену
.pdf15. Åù¸ — (not) yet — (åù¸ íåò, ïîêà íåò) |
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more — |
(дополнительно к тому, что есть) |
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another — |
другой, ещ¸ один, |
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перед числительными |
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still — |
вс¸ ещ¸, по-прежнему и перед |
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сравнительной степенью прилагательных |
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и наречий |
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other — |
какой, какие, другие, кроме этих) |
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else — |
после вопросительных слов и |
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неопределенных местоимений |
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Who else, when else, how else, where else… |
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16. Òîæå — |
too |
I like coffee too |
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also |
I also like coffee |
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either |
I don’t like coffee either |
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17. Намного больше |
(с неисчисляемыми существительным) — |
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much more money; |
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(с исчисляемыми существительными) — |
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many more dresses. |
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18. Политика |
(курс, линия поведения) — |
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policy |
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(деятельность, политические взгляды) — |
politics |
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19. История — |
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предмет, наука — |
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history |
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случай, происшествие — |
a story |
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20. Исторический — |
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имеющий историческое значение — |
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historic |
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связанный с историей, |
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описывающий историю — |
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historical |
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21. Узнавать — услышать новости — to learn |
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узнавать — |
to get to know |
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выяснять — |
to find out |
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узнавать того, кого |
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встречал раньше — |
recognize |
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22. Экзамен — сдавать — |
to take an exam |
сдать — |
to pass the exam |
не сдать,
провалиться — to fail an exam
23.Винить (обвинить) —
24.Ìîÿ âèíà — íå ïî ìîåé âèíå —
to blame smb. for.
to put blame on smb. or smth.
my fault.
through no fault of my own
25.Как он выглядит? —
(мы никогда его не видели) — What does he look like?
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(изменился ли он, |
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мы давно его не видели) — |
How does he look? |
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Ближайшее будущее — |
the near future. |
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Высшее образование — |
higher education. |
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28. И настоящее время — |
at present. |
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В телеграмме / письме говорится — |
the telegram says, |
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the letter says |
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Говорят, что — |
they say that |
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31. |
Молодое поколение — |
younger generation |
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32.Работать на дому / на компьютере — to work from home, to work on the computer, on the Internet/
33.На днях — прошлое событие — the other day
будущее событие — one of these days
34. Âåñü äåíü — the whole day long, all(the) day long.
35. Откуда вы родом? — |
Where do you come from? |
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Where are you from? |
36.По пути домой — on the way home
37.Íà ìîåì ïóòè — in my way (in one’s way) — что-то мешает.
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38. Don’t mix the following words and expressions:
On time — точно в назначенное время;
To rise (rose, risen) — вставать, подниматься;
To lie (lay, lain) — лежать;
To find (found) — находить, найти;
Difference — различие, разница;
A physicist — физик;
Clothes — одежда;
First — первое, что надо сделать;
To crash — a car crashed (accident);
To oppress — угнетать;
To depress — действовать угнетающе;
Favourable — благоприятный;
A touching story — трогательная история;
To fall in love at first sight (glance) — влюбиться с первого взгляда;
To differ — отличаться;
To be out — нет в офисе, в доме;
Clear the shelf — убери вс¸ с полки;
in time — не опоздать, иметь время в запасе.
to raise — поднимать (a hand, a flag, prices).
to lay — класть, положить что-то.
to found — создавать, основывать.
differences — разногласия.
a physician — доктор, врач.
cloth — материал, ткань, тряпка.
at first — сначала, на первых порах.
to crust — скомкать, смять.
To suppress — подавлять.
favourite — любимый.
a touching child — обидчивый ребенок.
To hate from the very first — возненавидеть с первого взгляда, первой встречи.
to distinguish — отличать, различать
to be away — нет в городе.
clean the shelf — сотри пыль с полки.
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Economic — связано с экономикой;
Cultured — культурный человек, общество;
Talk — разговор;
As usual — как обычно;
Near — близко, около;
On the whole — в целом, в общем;
economical — экономный, экономичный.
cultural centre — культурный центр.
talks — переговоры (negotiation).
usually — обычно.
nearly — почти, едва.
all in all — в общей сложности.
MEET A FEW “FALSE” FRIENDS
1.Artist — художник
2.Accurate — точный
3.Mark — знак, торговое клеймо, отметка
4.Family — семья
5.Intelligent — умный
6.Decoration — украшения, ордена
7.Novel — роман
8.Prospect — вид, перспектива, планы
9.Physique — телосложение, комплекция
10.Dutch — голландский
11.Complexion — öâåò ëèöà
12.Compositor — составитель, наборщик текста
13.Cabinet — шкаф, кабинет министров
14.Auditorium — зал, помещение для лекций
15.Conservatory — оранжерея
Артист — an actor Аккуратный — neat Марка — a stamp
Фамилия — a surname
Интеллигентный — cultured, educated
Декорация — settings
Новелла — a short story Проспект — an avenue
Физика — physics
Датский — Danish Комплекция — physique Композитор — a composer
Кабинет — an office, a study
Аудитория — audience
Консерватория — conservatoire
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Part II. |
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FINAL TESTS
Вашему вниманию предоставляются пять текстов. Каждый из них содержит 100 заданий. Эти задания соответствуют заданиям централизованного тестирования. Они помогут вам проверить, какой раздел грамматики и лексики следует еще раз повторить. Допущенную ошибку проверьте по разделу первой части пособия.Если ошибка допущена в задании к текстам, найдите в нем то место, которое вы не поняли, и постарайтесь проанализировать его. Незнакомые слова, которые встретятся вам в пособии, старайтесь запомнить, повторив их в различных соче- таниях с хорошо знакомой лексикой. Попробуйте пересказать тексты, обязательно употребив новые слова. Это поможет вам расширить ваш словарный запас.
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TEST 1.
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
Mahatma Gandi is widely known as 1__ founder of 2___ modern India. He studied law in London, and practiced for twenty years in 3 ___ South Africa before returning to India. One day, as he stepped 4 ___ board 5___ train, one of his shoes slipped off and landed 6__ 7___ track. He couldn’t retrieve it because 8____ train was already on the move. To his companions’ surprise, Gandi calmly took 9___
10 ___ other shoe and threw it back along the track to land close to the first. When asked why he did it, he smiled and replied: 11 “___
poor man who finds 12 ___ shoes will now have 13___ pair that he can use”.
1. |
1) a |
2) the |
3) an |
4) — |
2. |
1) the |
1) a |
3) — |
4) an |
3. |
1) the |
1) a |
3) an |
4) — |
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4. |
1) in |
2) on |
3) up |
4) to |
5. |
1) the |
2) a |
3) — |
4) an |
6. |
1) under |
2) up |
3) in |
4) on |
7. |
1) a |
2) the |
3) an |
4) — |
8. |
1) a |
2) an |
3 the |
4) — |
9. |
1) out |
2) off |
3) of |
4) out of |
10. |
1) — |
2) a |
3) an |
4) the |
11. |
1) an |
2) the |
3) a |
4) — |
12. |
1) the |
2) — |
3) an |
4) a |
13. |
1) an |
2) he |
3) a |
4) — |
Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
In the last years of the nineteenth century, no one 14 _____ that human affairs 15______ keenly and closely by intelligences greater than man’s. No one 16 ____ a thought to the older worlds of space as sources of human danger. Yet, across the gulf of space, minds that 17____ to our minds as ours 18 ____ to those of the beasts, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, 19 ______ our earth with envious eyes and slowly and surely 20 ______ their plans against us. And early in the 20th century 21 ______ the great disillusionment. That night, 22 _____ a jetting out of gas from the distant planet. I saw it just as the clock 23 ____ midnight, and I told Olingy, the astronomer, who 24 ______ space very often for the last years.
A14. |
1) |
will believe |
3) |
would have believed |
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2) |
would believe |
4) |
had believed |
A15. |
1) |
watch |
3) |
had been watched |
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2) |
were watched |
4) |
were being watched |
A16. |
1) |
gave |
3) |
had given |
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2) |
has given |
4) |
would give |
A17. |
1) |
had been |
3) |
would have been |
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2) |
would be |
4) |
are |
A18. |
1) |
had been |
3) |
would have been |
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2) |
are |
4) |
would be |
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A19. |
1) |
regard |
3) |
were regarding |
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2) |
are regarding |
4) |
regarded |
A 20. |
1) |
have drawn |
3) |
were drawing |
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2) |
had drawn |
4) |
draw |
A21. |
1) |
has come |
3) |
was coming |
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2) |
is coming |
4) |
came |
A22. |
1) |
it is |
3) |
it was |
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2) |
there is |
4) |
there was |
A23. |
1) |
struck |
3) |
had struck |
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2) |
striked |
4) |
was striking |
A24. |
1) |
was watching |
3) |
had been watching |
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2) |
watched |
4) |
had watched |
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
A25. Sitting in front of a computer screen all day makes people
___, ____.
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to feel alone, bored |
3) |
feel lonely, bored |
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2) |
feel alone, boring |
4) |
to feel lonely, boring |
A26. |
Could you get my husband ____ me as soon as he ___ at work? |
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ring, arrives |
3) |
ring, will arrive |
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2) |
to ring, will arrive |
4) |
to ring, arrives |
A27. |
“Would you mean ____ so far away?” — “Yes. Otherwise it |
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would mean _____ a fine for the wrong place.” |
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1) |
parking, paying |
3) |
to park, paying |
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2) |
to park, to pay |
4) |
parking, to pay |
A28. As he had a lot of work he stopped ____ the phone.
1) |
answer |
3) |
answering |
2) |
to answer |
4) |
having answered |
A29. I don’t remember ______ of the decision to change
______ company policy. When was it decided?
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1) |
telling, a |
3) |
being told, |
the |
2) |
having told, the |
4) |
been told, |
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A30. Some of the scientists _______ to the conference can’t take part in it.
1) |
inviting |
3) |
who invited |
2) |
invited |
4) |
having invited |
Укажите номер подчеркнутого фрагмента, в котором допущена ошибка.
1 2 3
31. The huge rise in computer sales is the good example of the direc-
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tion in which technology is heading. |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
32.Knowledge is often said to be the key of power, and I can’t disagree with4this.
1 2 3
33. Odd features or details which make something different makes 4
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the world a more interesting place. |
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1 |
2 |
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3 |
34. |
It’s our responsibility to help or look after those the least fortu- |
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nate than ourselves. |
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1 |
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2 |
3 |
35. |
The authorities have introduced new measures in order that to |
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control the students’ attendance. |
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Прочитайте текст. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
The Mary Celeste had always been (36) ___ an unlucky ship, but no one could have predicted what would happen to it when it (37) ______ sail from New York in November 1871) It was (38) _____ for Genoe with a cargo of alcohol a (39) _____ which should have taken about 5 weeks. However, Captain Briggs, his wife,
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his two-year-old daughter and the crew (40) ____ seven sailors were never seen (41) ____. The Mary Celeste was (42)____ off the Azores by aBritish ship called the Dei Gratia.Nobody answered the calls of Captain Morehouse, so he sent three sailors in a boat to (43) ____
help. They found the ship totally deserted.
36. |
1) |
believed |
2) |
considered |
3) |
known |
4) |
regarded |
37. |
1) |
made |
2) |
set |
3) |
gave |
4) |
went |
38. |
1) |
heading |
2) |
traveling |
3) |
running |
4) |
going |
39. |
1) |
travel |
2) |
sail |
3) |
cruise |
4) |
journey |
40. |
1) |
for |
2) |
out |
3) |
of |
4) |
from |
41. |
1) |
later |
2) |
once |
3) |
more |
4) |
again |
41. |
1) |
looked |
2) |
spotted |
3) |
noted |
4) |
watched |
43. |
1) |
put |
2) |
offer |
3) |
hand |
4) |
served |
Выберите ответную реплику, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной реплике — стимулу.
44. Sorry to keep you waiting
1) |
Do you? |
3) |
I am pleased. |
2) |
That’s all right. |
4) |
You are welcome. |
45. How about having a party on Saturday?
1) |
Oh, yes, I have. |
3) |
It’s |
something! |
2) |
I’m all for it! |
4) |
It’s |
nothing. |
46. Thank you for your help.
1) |
Please. |
3) |
Here you are. |
2) |
You are welcome. |
4) |
Glad to hear it. |
47. You are guessing! You don’t know the right answer!
1) |
Not at all. |
3) |
It’s a pity. |
2) |
Don’t I? |
4) |
It’s my pleasure. |
Выберите реплику — стимул, подходящую по смыслу к предложенной ответной реплике.
48. Not in the least.
1) |
I don’t like this film. |
3) |
Nice to see you. |
2) |
Would you mind helping me? |
4) |
Meet my girlfriend. |
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Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа.
49. Which is the smallest part of the UK ?
1) |
Northern Ireland |
3) Scotland |
2) |
England |
4) Wales |
50.In what part of the United Kingdom is there the prehistoric complex, called Stonehenge?
1) |
Wales |
3) |
Northern Ireland |
2) |
Scotland |
4) |
England |
51. In what part of the UK is well-known Loch Ness situated?
1) |
Scotland |
3) England |
2) |
Walesa; |
4) Northern Ireland |
51. Whitehall, situated near The Houses of Parliament, is
1) |
a square |
3) |
a city hal |
2) |
a street |
4) |
a palace |
Прочитайте текст. Подберите заголовок к каждому абзацу в соответствии с его содержанием. Один заголовок является лишним.
53.My brother Andre had been saving for years before he bought a car. To celebrate this happy occasion he invited his friend Peter, who was an experienced driver and keen on fishing, to spend the day on the lake not far from the town. It was winter and the lake was frozen enough to carry the car and them They took all the necessary things the dog Spot including.
54.Andre put a small package on the seat. The package contained a stick of dynamite he had managed to get from the company he worked for. He explained to Peter that the stick was very useful for making a good hole in thick ice, not to waste time doing it by hand.
55.They set off early in the morning and arrived at the lake shortly after sunrise. Peter was very careful while driving the car onto slippery ice to the centre of the lake, where he stopped the car. And they got their equipment out.
56.Andre was very excited when he was fixing the 60 — second dynamite fuse with his trembling hands. Then he launched it as far as
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