Неличные формы глагола (Practical tasks)

needle in her hand and looked up at me like a child (to try) to concentrate, (to frown). (G. Greene) 5. The rain-heads dropped a little (to spatter) and hurried on to some other country. (J. Steinbeck) 6. Men stood by their fences and looked at the ruined corn, (to dry) fast now, only a little green (to show) through the film of dust. (J. Steinbeck) 7. A gentle wind followed the rain clouds, (to drive) them on north-ward, a wind that softly clashed the drying corn. (J. Steinbeck) 8. His heart beat

like a pigeon in a trap (to beat) with its wings. (W.S. Maugham) 9. The children stood near by, (to draw) figures in the dust with bare toes… (J.

Steinbeck) 10. The people, (to lie) in their beds, heard the wind stop. (J. Steinbeck) 11. ‘Well,’ she said, (to give) him that odd-funny look again, ‘there’s us.’ (S. King) 12. The men sat still – (to think) – (to figure). (J.

Steinbeck) 13. He looked into the mirror again, the lenses of the glasses he wore for driving (to glint) in the sun. (S. King) 14. ‘I don’t like it,’

she said, (to look) nervously around. (S. King) 15. When he reached the front of the car he put his hands behind his back and stood (to frown) down at something. (S. King) 16. She was looking at Peter, her eyes huge and horrified, (to ask) him without speaking if he had heard what the cop had mixed in with the rest of it, that robotic voice never (to

vary). (S. King) 17. Peter turned, (to look) into the trunk again, (to follow) their gaze. (S. King) 18. They’d only left Oregon three days before, and that included the day and a half they’d spent with Gary and

Marielle Soderson, (to listen) to old records and (to talk) about old times. (S. King) 19. “Why?” she asked, (to get) out of bed. Dark fear had seized her. (S. King) 20. “Hurry it up!” he hissed at her, (to break)

her faint hope. (S. King)

Exercise 5. Translate what is given in brackets using participle I in

the appropriate form:

1. (Закрыв) the door with only the lightest slam, they went out

together. 2. Julia sat eating rolls and drinking coffee in her room next morning, (думая) what she could do. 3. “Come along, quickly,” said Nick (держа) the door of the driving cabin, “you’re coming too.” 4. He got up from his chair and (подойдя) to a shelf brought me a large album. 5. I kept silence for a while, (думая) of what Mike had told me. 6. When she had finished she sat (уставившись) in front of her for some

minutes. 7. I went out on to the landing, and cautiously down the stairs, (надеясь) that one of the doors would be open. 8. Snow was falling now in soft, large flakes, (покрывая) the red roofs. 9. Men wandered about,

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(глядя) at the women (сидящих) at their windows reading or sewing. 10. (Выбив) the pipe he inspected it as though it demanded all this

attention.

Exercise 6. State the functions of participles I. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. There were boys all round him, looking at him curiously, and a

feeling of shame came over Philip. He looked down without answering. (W.S. Maugham) 2. “Incidentally, who is that young boy getting out of your jeep?” (C. Forbes) 3. Sally stood for a moment by the passenger

door with the baby in her arms, looking at the bungalow where they had spent the last four years. (S. King) 4. His career might well have served as a model for any young man entering upon the pursuit of literature. (W.S. Maugham) 5. But knowing him well by now, without answering, he waited for him to go on. (W.S. Maugham) 6. Tonight the regulars were there, sitting by the cash register, drinking beer, talking idly, watching the bugs fly into the big lighted sign. (S. King) 7. And he left her with this bizarre statement which meant nothing to her, left her standing cold and afraid and disoriented in her bare feet and babydoll nightie. (S. King) 8. Turning along a fresh corridor, he stopped in front of a closed door, opened it and walked in. (C. Forbes) 9. She woke up Baby LaVon, soothing the little one as best she could; the three-year-old was cranky and bewildered at being awakened in the middle of the night. (S. King) 10. The three men waiting in the room stared at their

visitors in silence. (C. Forbes)

11. She went into the small room which served as Baby LaVon’s nursery and stood for a moment, indecisive, looking at the sleeping infant in her pink blanket suit. (S. King) 12. When the ladies retired to the drawing-room I found myself sitting next to Thomas Hardy. (W.S. Maugham) 13. Norman Bruett and Tommy Wannamaker, who had both worked in the paper factory, were on relief, having run out of unemployment some time ago. (S. King) 14. He left the room, closing the door behind him. (C. Forbes) 15. Philip was moved into the Sixth form, but he hated school now with all his heart, and, having lost his ambition, cared nothing whether he did ill or well. (W.S. Maugham) 16. Soon nothing was seen but boys playing this game, and the more skilful acquired vast stores of nibs. (W.S. Maugham) 17. Returning from a

London party, he was driving down Padnor Walk when he saw the unmarked vans parked by the kerb in front of Tweed’s terrace house. (C.

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Exercise 8. Use participles I from the following list. Note its function. Translate the sentences into Russian:

talking, begging, looking, staring, beginning, wanting, not knowing, listening, having a rest, finding, walking to the door.

1. She put the needle down and sat back on her heels, ... at me. (G. Greene) 2. “Of course it’s not a bad little play, it’s served our purpose very well, but I can’t imagine anyone ... to see it three times.” (W.S.

Maugham) 3. He used words with difficulty, ... to himself rather than to us…(W.S. Maugham) 4. Mrs. Moral lay ... , one Sunday morning, to the chatter of the father and child downstairs. (D.H. Lawrence) 5. “Isn’t it done?” he cried, his blue eyes ... at her in indignation. (D.H. Lawrence)

6. Men, ... between drinks, sat on their heels and talked. (D.H. Lawrence) 7. “I want to go, I want to go,” said Annie, ... to cry. (D.H.

Lawrence) 8. ... , he opened it. (C. Forbes) 9. I have noticed that when

someone asks for you on the telephone and, ... you out, leaves a message

... you to call him up the moment you come in, and it’s important, the matter is more often important to him than to you. (W.S. Maugham) 10.

... what he was doing – he often did the right thing by instinct – he sat beside her. (D.H. Lawrence)

Exercise 9. Define the type of adverbial modifiers expressed by participle I:

1. She felt as if she could sit there all through the night looking out into the cool, dark street. (W.S. Maugham) 2. Having arrived in front of

it [the house], she put her hands to her mouth in trumpet form and shouted: “I! I! I! Maggie!” (C. Campbell) 3. Charles, as if sensing that

even then I might back off and drive away, came purposefully out of his front door and strode across the gravel. (C. Campbell) 4. He peered at her, blinking. (C. Forbes) 5. He got out of his seat and walked over and stood in front of Janet and Mary, looking down at them. (C. Campbell) 6. He writes a long letter to his critic, telling him he is very sorry he thought his book was bad. (C. Forbes) 7. Knowing Terry would raise hell, Lesley nonetheless stayed for most of the party. (C. Forbes) 8. Jack was looking round as if pointing out the peculiarities of the guests. (C. Campbell) 9. When listening to her I had the impression that she actually had done what she claimed to do – worked a kind of gigantic miracle. (C. Campbell) 10. Thomas, already regretting his impulse, raised his own hat in response. (C. Forbes)

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Exercise 10. Complete the following sentences using the expressions in brackets:

1. On the window-sills of the houses stood wooden boxes (to contain, rose plants, and terra-cotta pots). 2. The train (to do, one

hundred miles), puffed gently and drew into the station. 3. He drove very fast, (to hum, “Portline”). 4. Peter (to rise politely), sat down again

and stared up at the ceiling with a puzzled frown. 5. Adele was standing there, (to confront, Steve), her face set. 6. After dinner Flora and Mr. Smith went out to the porch, while her aunt sat on the sofa (to turn over, the pages of magazines). 7. He sat back, (to enjoy, the sun, and the yellow hills). 8. Several tunes Sarah raised her head as if (to listen), and once she got up and went to the door and stared out for a long time into the night. 9. Like many other newshungry Americans in Paris this spring, I opened the Franco-American Star one morning, and (while to skim, the hackneyed headlines) I came upon something of genuine interest. 10. The host courted their unimportant guest, (to invite him, to give his point of view). 11. The door opened and the woman came out, bare-headed, (to wear, a mackintosh; and, to carry, a string bag). 12. Frank stood (to tap, her pencil on her notebook).

Exercise 11. Transform the following sentences so as to use

attributive clauses:

Example: At ten o’clock he found himself in the train speeding towards London. → At ten o’clock he found himself in the train which

was speeding towards London.

1. The place was crowded with doctors and their wives, talking and laughing. 2. He went to the parlour, where the doctor, standing on the

hearthrug with his back to the fire, greeted him. 3. There were people passing to and fro and he joined one of the groups. 4. I’ve just had a

letter from my aunt asking me to go down to her place and stay. 5. It was quite dark and she didn’t recognize the man standing in front of her. 6.

We passed into a large sunny apartment looking out towards the sea. 7. A little way off he saw his wife talking with the Clarksons and he strolled over to her. 8. He picked up a chattering acquaintance with several persons living in his hotel and he was not lonely. 9. Nick looked on at the moon, coming up over the hills. 10. It appears he caught sight of a man behaving suspiciously.

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Exercise 12. Transform the following sentences so as to use participle I where possible:

Example: He came up to the table which stood in the middle of the room. → He came up to the table standing in the middle of the room.

1. The ship, which had arrived at the dock that afternoon, had taken fourteen days to cross the Atlantic. 2. I caught sight of a lean man, who was moving in the opposite direction. 3. And then, quite unexpectedly, he received a message from Mr. Simpson, who asked to call at the company offices. 4. Over the fence which divided the garden from the one next door a familiar face was peering. 5. I said all that I had to say on the subject that worried me much. 6. He was never at a loss for a remark; he could discourse on the topics of the day with an ease that prevented his hearer from experiencing any sense of strain. 7. To hide the tears which were coming from her eyes she turned away and walked homewards. 8. Going upstairs she woke the woman who lived on the floor above her. 9. They got into the car which smelt of hot leather and

petrol. 10. It was very dark with a gusty wind and a fine spatter of rain, which blew into their face at street corners. 11. I don’t suppose he ever

lived in a house that had a bathroom till he was fifty. 12. I noticed as we walked along the street that sometimes the men who passed us stared at my girlfriend. 13. It was a long, wide, straight street that ran parallel with the Duster Bridge. 14. He followed her across the lawn to the table which stood in the shade of a fine tree. 15. He saw in the garden a solemn young man in a brown suit who had been introduced to him in London.

Exercise 13. Transform the following sentences so as to use adverbial clauses:

Example: Being a great admirer of music, he attended all the concerts. → As he was a great admirer of music, he attended all the

concerts.

1. When going somewhere by train, I usually try to get out at every station to take a breath of air. 2. Accompanying him down the road, Kate

told him as best as she could about Dick. 3. Dr. Wistful meeting Andrew in the street remarked airily: “I have never had a better case”. 4. Leaving

the house of the Andersons Henry continued on his round with a queer warmth round his heart. 5. Lisa did not answer, and Mrs. Baker, having nothing more to say, continued her supper in silence. 6. Having made up my mind I told her about my plan. 7. Speaking to her I always try to

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make my meaning clear. 8. Having nothing like that before I was eager to see the performance. 9. He raised his head as if listening to something. 10. She generally used that language when talking to children.

Exercise 14. Transform the following sentences so as to use

participle I:

Example: 1. When I go somewhere by plane I save a lot of time. →

(When) going somewhere by plane I save a lot of time. 2. When I arrived, a little late, I found the party already complete. → Having

arrived a little late, I found the party already complete. 3. As I am often sent on business trips I have seen a lot of countries. → Being often sent

on business trips I have seen a lot of countries.

1. When he got to Euston he paid off the taxi and inquired for the

next train to Dover. 2. When I went upstairs, I found him asleep, with all his clothes on. 3. “I knew Tom well,” he said, as he leaned back in his

chair and lit the cigar I had offered him. 4. When his first picture was exhibited they came to Amsterdam to see it, his father and his sister and his mother, and his mother cried, when she looked at it. 5. And while she waited for him to come, her pride began revolting. 6. As Andrew pulled

on his coat he reflected miserably that he had not exchanged a word with Christine. 7. After the uncle had once consented to the boy’s going out

with the Browns, he made no further objection to his association with them. 8. She gave me no answer and looked at me as if she was dreaming about something. 9. As I felt that I was not right I confessed my fault. 10. After he had waited some minutes for an answer he turned round and left the room.

Predicative Constructions with Participle I

Participle I may function as part of a predicative construction, entering into a predicative relationship with some nominal element and forming a syntactical unit with it.

The Objective Participial Construction

The objective participial construction consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case and participle I forming a syntactical complex, the two main components of which are in

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predicative relationship. Since the construction always follows transitive verbs, its syntactical function is that of a complex object. Thus in its meaning it corresponds to a subordinate clause and is usually translated

into Russian by a subordinate object clause:

I saw John playing tennis. – Я видел, как Джон играет в

теннис.

We heard them singing. – Мы слышали, как они поют.

The nominal element usually refers to a person or a thing different from that denoted by the subject of the sentence. If it refers to the same person as the subject, a reflexive pronoun is to be used, as in:

e.g. He heard himself uttering the words.

The construction is generally used with non-perfect participle I active, and occasionally it occurs with participle I passive:

e.g. The captain watched the goods being packed.

Some of the verbs followed by the objective participial construction occur also with the complex object (such as to see, to watch, to hear, to feel). The difference between these two constructions concerns the meaning suggested by an infinitive or participle I; the former emphasizes the fact of an action being completed, the latter its

If the homogeneous infinitives are used, they denote two actions in succession. If two participles I are homogeneous, they suggest two

e.g. We watched him slowly approaching the gate.

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I heard him coming up the stairs, as if he were carrying something heavy.

We found him working in the garden.

b) with various verbs of causative meaning, or inducement:

e.g. I won’t have you smoking at your age!

They soon got (started) things going.

Don’t keep me waiting. I’m in a hurry.

c) occasionally with verbs expressing wish: to want, to like: e.g. I don’t want you talking back to me.

They didn’t like me leaving so early.

► FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES

Exercise 15. Point out the complex object with the participle. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. I saw him in a family snapshot album, riding on a dude ranch, bathing on Long Island, photographed with his colleagues in some apartment on the twenty-third floor. (G. Greene) 2. As she crossed the open ground in front of the Moon and Stars she heard men shouting, and smelled the beer, and hurried a little, thinking her husband was probably in the bar. (D.H. Lawrence) 3. It made him many friends in literary

circles and in a very short while you could not go to a tea party without finding him handing round bread and butter… (W.S. Maugham) 4.

Philip saw a boy running past and tried to catch him, but his lump gave him no chance. (W.S. Maugham) 5. I walked inside, came upstairs …

and found her lying on the bed. (C. Forbes) 6. Quite early, before six o’clock, she heard him whistling away to himself downstairs. (D.H.

Lawrence) 7. Mrs. Carey looked at him with startled eyes, and Philip saw tears slowly falling down her cheeks. (W.S. Maugham) 8. Behind him he heard Higgins relocking the cabin door. (C. Forbes) 9. A few new boys appeared, and with these presently Philip found himself talking. (W.S. Maugham) 10. When Mrs. Morel entered, she saw him almost running through the door to the stairs. (D.H. Lawrence)

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Exercise 16. Translate into English using complex objects with participle I:

1.Я не заметила, как ты вошел в комнату и взял книгу со стола.

2.Они видели, как машины мчались по дороге и поднимали пыль.

3.Мэри открыла окно и наблюдала, как ее дети играли на детской площадке, и слышала, как они смеялись. 4. Вдруг он почувствовал,

как кто-то подошел к нему сзади и положил руку на его плечи. 5.

Он нашел ее в своей комнате в ожидании его прихода. 6. Я слышала, как Майк ругался со своим другом из-за денег. 7. Когда я

увидела, как Анна плачет, я решила подойти к ней и спросить, что с ней случилось. 8. Он чувствовал, как у него дрожали руки. 9. Мы видели, как он выходил из дома и направился к остановке. 10. Елена наблюдала, как ее подруга играла на пианино, и решила присоединиться к ней.

Exercise 17. Transform the following sentences into sentences with complex objects with participle I:

a) Example: I could see that Dave was still standing in the doorway. → I could see Dave standing in the doorway.

1. As Nick came up to Bred he turned and saw that Michael was watching them from the other side. 2. He found that the old man was still sitting grim in the darkness. 3. He could see that a man was standing on the pavement. 4. When he opened the window, he heard how the birds were singing in the garden. 5. In a minute or two I noticed that her eyes were stealthily peeping at me over the top of the book. 6. I could feel that the room was rocking under my feet. 7. I noticed that now his eyes were resting on me with a faint smile of amusement.

b) Example: A small book was lying open on the bed. (to see) → She saw a small book was lying open on the bed.

1. He was watching her so intently. (to see) 2. Rosy was protesting that of course they must all come to her flat. (to find) 3. My sister was

signaling to me from another table. (to see) 4. The comer of a three- penny detective novel was protruding from Albert’s pocket. (to note) 5.

The rain drops were pattering against the leaves. (to hear) 6. His father was moving around in the living room. (to hear) 7. He was standing there, his face expectant. (to see) 8. He was hurrying through the hot June forenoon, up the hill and to the open download. (to imagine)

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