Неличные формы глагола (Practical tasks)

Exercise 2. Use the indefinite gerund of the verb in brackets in the

active or passive voice. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. I wouldn’t mind (to make) an exception in your favour if it would amuse you to come.” (W.S. Maugham) 2. But in fear of (to recognize)

she lowered her gaze. (S. King) 3. He went up to her silently and kissed her. It was the first kiss he had ever given her without (to ask). (W.S.

Maugham) 4. Unless this young man is a much bigger fool than I think him he must know that there’s nothing in the way of (to act) that you can’t do. (W.S. Maugham) 5. So when I got back to my lodgings with

just enough time to have a drink, a cigarette, and to read my paper before (to dress) for dinner, and was told by Miss Fellow, my landlady, that Mr. Alroy Kear wished me to ring him up at once, I felt that I could safely ignore his request. (W.S. Maugham) 6. She woke up Baby LaVon, soothing the little one as best she could; the three-year-old was

cranky and bewildered at (to awaken) in the middle of the night. (S. King) 7. Officer Friendly wasn’t wearing a wedding ring, Peter had noticed that while (to watch) the man’s fingers tap against the steering wheel, but that didn’t mean he had never been married. (S. King) 8. I

had not known Roy for twenty years without (to learn) that he always kept in the upper left-hand pocket of his waistcoat the little book in which he put down his engagements. (W.S. Maugham) 9. She was clever in (to lead) folk to talk. (D.H. Lawrence) 10. She had no object in (to do) this. (W.S. Maugham) 11. Towards the end of the term two or three boys caught scarlet fever, and there was much talk of (to send) them all home in order to escape an epidemic. (W.S. Maugham) 12. Philip thought Rose must be looking forward as much to his return as he was himself to (to see) Rose. (W.S. Maugham) 13. She had a curious, receptive mind which found much pleasure and amusement in (to listen) to other folk. (D.H. Lawrence) 14. She saw him listen deferentially, but without (to understand). (D.H. Lawrence) 15. As I smoked a pipe before

(to go) to bed I turned over in my mind the possible reasons for which Roy might want me to lunch with him. (W.S. Maugham) 16. “A small room for a small boy,” said Mrs. Carey. “You won’t be frightened at (to sleep) alone?” (W.S. Maugham) 17. Newman interjected sharply. ‘He’s

been on the edge of (to have) an affair more than once. But he blotted out his wife by (to dedicate) himself to his job. You know that.’ (C.

Forbes) 18. And while he waited he kept (to ask) himself the question. (C. Forbes) 19. Philip knew what sort of lives the clergy led in the corner of East Anglia which was his home and shivered at the thought of

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(to lead) such a life; he wanted to get out into the world. (W.S. Maugham) 20. After (to put) them into the back seat of the cruiser, the cop had returned to the Acura. (S. King)

Exercise 3. Use the required form of the gerund of the verb in brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The cop turned and walked towards the back of the Acura without (to bother) to see if Peter was going to obey. (S. King) 2. Instead of (to yell) at the woman who had tried her very best to blow his head off, or maybe (to hurt) her for it, the cop gave her a brief onearmed hug. (S. King) 3. Rose, far from (to seem) glad to see him, had looked almost put out. (W.S. Maugham) 4. He would never forgive them for (not to take) advantage of the opportunity to change their life completely. (S. King) 5. He glanced up into the rearview and saw the

vehicle behind them was closer now. Not a truck, which was just about all they’d seen (to leave) Fallon, but a car. (S. King) 6. Do you have

objection to (to imitate)? (S. King) 7. It is this surely which prevents even those who do not like his pictures from (to be) indifferent to them. (W.S. Maugham) 8. He began (to say) the words aloud to himself, but many of them were unknown to him, and the construction of the sentences was strange. (W.S. Maugham) 9. But now Philip added other means of (to attain) his desire: he began to wish, when he saw a new moon, and he looked out for shooting stars. (W.S. Maugham) 10. Sue must have gone out of the house without (to notice). (C. Forbes) 11. And

they rarely arrived back from (to drink) and (to eat) in Cairo before eleven. (C. Forbes) 12. Philip doesn’t like (to call) Phil, because it

irritates him greatly. (C. Forbes) 13. Thank you so much for (to visit) my grandmother in my absence. She needs care and help, and I am very grateful to you for (to honour) my request. (C. Forbes) 14. He is friendly without (to be) patronizing and familiar without (to be) impertinent. (D.H. Lawrence) 15. There were boys all round him, looking at him

curiously, and a feeling of shame came over Philip. He looked down without (to answer). (W.S. Maugham) 16. “But I want Emma to come with me.” Philip began to cry, and the nurse could not help (to cry) too.

(W.S. Maugham) 17. I still remember getting in the neck for (to eat) the hidden bar of chocolate. (C. Forbes) 18. The wolf went on (to stare) at

him, as if it understood this Indian-sounding gibberish, and the goose bumps on Johnny’s arms stayed up. (S. King) 19. It made him many

friends in literary circles and in a very short while you could not go to a

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tea party without (to find) him handing round bread and butter… (W.S.

Maugham) 20. They always found the slightest cause for blaming my sister for (to refuse) their son’s proposal. (C. Forbes)

Exercise 4. State the syntactic function of the gerund. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The words of the text seemed on a sudden to have a personal application. He thought about them through most of the day, and the following night, on getting into bed, he turned over the pages of the book and found once more the passage. (W.S. Maugham) 2. I had at that moment given up waiting, and I could see Vigot taking those two facts in. (G. Greene) 3. After three pipes I felt my mind clear and alert: it

could take such decisions easily without losing sight of the main question – what do they want from me? (G. Greene) 4. There wasn’t any

point in arguing, so I got up and put on my tie and shoes. (G. Greene) 5. But Mercer kept coming to my room all those weeks. (F.S. Fitzgerald) 6. He had not quite got over the feeling of irritability and pain, after having slept on the ground when he was so hot. (D.H. Lawrence) 7. Here, they

left, was someone worth taking a little trouble over. (W.S. Maugham) 8. The sun flared down on the growing corn day after day… (J. Steinbeck)

9. Every moving thing lifted the dust into the air: a walking man lifted a thin layer as high as his waist, and an automobile boiled a cloud behind it. (J. Steinbeck) 10. It’s no good trying to keep up old friendships. (W.S. Maugham) 11. He had curly light brown hair, but it was plastered down and Julia thought how much better he would look if, instead of trying to smooth out the wave with brilliantine, he made the most of it. (W.S. Maugham) 12. Without thinking that her husband disliked being wakened suddenly, she burst into the drawing-room. (W.S. Maugham) 13. She was still unaware of what it was about, and I had no technique

for telling her slowly and gently. (G. Greene) 14. Then one of them had the brilliant idea of imitating Philip’s clumsy run. (W.S. Maugham) 15. “I don’t eat bread because I’m afraid of getting fat.” (W.S. Maugham) 16. “You mustn’t cry,” he said. “You’re too old to have a nurse now. We must see about sending you to school.” (W.S. Maugham) 17. You must begin thinking of your scholarship now. You won’t get anything unless

you start working very seriously. (W.S. Maugham) 18. The dust was long in settling back again. (J. Steinbeck) 19. She was asleep and I could hardly hear her breathing. (G. Greene) 20. His habit of reading isolated him: it became such a need that after being in company for some time he

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grew tired and restless. (W.S. Maugham) 21. Asking his mum whether she’d split up with Roger was a perfectly sensible question… (N.

Hornby) 22. He had never before watched a woman cry without feeling responsible, and he was rather enjoying the experience. (N. Hornby)

Exercise 5. Use the gerund from the following list. Translate the sentences into Russian:

a) subject:

being in love, freezing, sitting on our hands, collecting stamps, seeing

after Catty, keeping the news back.

1. … is not the way to solve this problem. Let’s think over a plan of actions after all! 2. It’s no use … . Some time or other everything will come to light. 3. … is an old flame of his. He has been carrying away by it since 1956. 4. It’s not so strange, as it may seem, … with a man who is 30 years older than you. 5. … during the weekend was my personal

responsibility, which I took very seriously and with which I coped easily. 6. … isn't a bad way of preserving food.

b) direct object:

meddling, being late, coming, repairing, behaving.

1. I don’t like …, all the more for no apparent reason. I assure you

that next time if you are not at your workplace in time and you have no good reason, you will be fired without delay. 2. They hate … with their lives, that’s why I advise you not to poke your nose into their business and keep aloof from them. 3. Mary admires … in that manner, because it always reminds her of her father. 4. “Don’t you mind … a bit later? I will arrive 40 minutes late.” – “Of course not.” 5. Jack was busy ... his

“Citroen”, because the next day he would have to take part in the street race.

c) prepositional object:

coming off, letting off, lending, arguing, being.

1. What's the use of …? It will be to no avail, don’t you think so? 2.

Ann is good at … clear even from the most difficult situations. She is a great talent. 3. Throughout the trial, the prisoner insisted on … not privy to this crime. 4. Little Sam is very fond of … the soap bubbles. 5. Can you persuade your father into … us the car?

d) attribute:

doing, making, starting, finding, making.

1. Sharon had the idea of … her own business, but unfortunately she couldn’t bring it about. 2. We returned to the park in the hope of … her

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wallet. 3. There is no need for … excuses. I appreciate your difficulty. 4.

The thought of … it never crossed his mind. 5. Another way of … new friends is to go to an evening class.

e) adverbial modifier of time:

having, coming, hearing, saying, reaching.

1. Before … to a decision, she strolled about the streets for 2 hours and weighed this point carefully. 2. On … home, I tumbled down right away, because I was dog-tired. 3. After … a snack, Mike got down to work again. 4. Before … this, you ought to think of it and foresee the consequences. 5. On … about my friend’s impending marriage, I

rejoiced sincerely at it and phoned him.

f) adverbial modifier of manner, attending circumstances or cause: writing, changing, suffering, putting, getting.

1.He was not the boy to accept a situation without … it into words.

2.Instead of … the letter himself, he asked his friend to do it. 3. He caught cold through … his feet wet. 4. He improved his article by … the

end. 5. Though he was not more truthful than most boys he never told a lie without … from remorse.

g) part of a compound verbal predicate:

discussing, cheering, laughing, painting, suspecting.

1. At the end of his speech, the crowd caught alight and began … wildly. 2. He kept … the whole evening and he seemed to have one over the eight. 3. They went on … me behind my back. 4. Finally investigator stopped … me of being a party to robbery. 5. Michael has ceased …,

because nothing provides his inspiration.

Exercise 6. Use the required form of the gerund and insert prepositions where necessary. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Gertrude herself was rather contemptuous (to dance). (D.H. Lawrence) 2. Partridge jumped down on to the pavement and began (to

walk) slowly away from the entrance steps. (C. Forbes) 3. He watched jealously Rose’s companionship with others; and though he knew it was

unreasonable could not help sometimes (to say) bitter things to him. (W.S. Maugham) 4. When he saw in their bright eyes the shadow of the registry office he told them that the memory of his one great love would always prevent him (to form) any permanent tie. (W.S. Maugham) 5. The Sixth Form room was in a part of the old abbey which had been restored, and it had a Gothic window: Philip tried to cheat his boredom (to draw) this over and over again. (W.S. Maugham) 6. He had a

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pleasant way (to whistle). (D.H. Lawrence) 7. He began to be rather late

(to come) home. (D.H. Lawrence) 8. The man on the floor tried to sit up and was unable. He had to settle (to put) a hand on Hap’s arm. (S. King)

9. He never saved a penny, and he gave his wife no opportunity (to save). (D.H. Lawrence) 10. It is a riddle which shares with the universe

the merit (to have) no answer. (W.S. Maugham) 11. He justly said that no one knew better than he the hardships of the author’s trade and if he

could help a struggling journalist to earn a few guineas by (to have) a pleasant chat with him he had not the inhumanity to refuse. (W.S. Maugham) 12. In his dazed state he tried to open the door leading to the corridor (to turn) the key. (C. Forbes) 13. That was when Tweed began (to run) and (to run) and (to run). The nightmare had started. (C. Forbes) 14. Philip felt inclined to cry, but he had an instinctive disinclination (to

let) other people see his tears, and he clenched his teeth to prevent the sobs (to escape). (W.S. Maugham) 15. I can’t say I blame him – but that

was when the murderer was cleaning himself up (to perform) his vanishing trick.” (C. Forbes) 16. He had a knack (to draw). (W.S.

Maugham) 17. Insensibly he formed the most delightful habit in the world, the habit (to read)… (W.S. Maugham) 18. He did not know what

power it was in him that prevented him (to make) any expression of regret. (W.S. Maugham) 19. (To wait) for an answer from Philip the big man burst into laughter. (W.S. Maugham) 20. She had once given Philip a paint-box as a Christmas present, and he had started (to copy) her pictures. (W.S. Maugham)

Exercise 7. Complete the following sentences using the gerund as:

a)subject

1.… is a good opportunity. 2. There is nobody … . 3. … was a great risk. 4. It was no use … . 5. It was practical … .

b)part of a compound verbal predicate

1.They began … and could not stop for a long time. 2. He kept … . 3. She went on … . 4. I started … . 5. The old man stopped … .

c)direct object

1.I intend … . 2. He remembers … . 3. She wouldn't mind … . 4. I can't afford … . 5. He couldn't resist … .

d)prepositional object

1.I am afraid of … . 2. He prevented them from … . 3. I am fond of… . 4. I hope that he is still capable of … . 5. She is good at … . 6. We

insist on … .

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e)attribute

1.They did not like the idea of … . 2. She lost her habit of… . 3. There is no hope of … . 4. The only way of … . 5. I made a point of… .

f)adverbial modifier

1.Before …, think it over! 2. She looked at me without … . 3. She left the room? after … . 4. On … they made up their minds to stay. 5.

We earn our living by … .

Exercise 8. Change the construction of the sentences using the gerund. Translate the sentences into Russian:

Example: Andrew hesitated before he responded to the last question. –

Andrew hesitated before responding to the last question.

1. The accused began crying when he heard the verdict “Guilty!” 2.

We like when those around us resound praises on us. 3. The ship calls at several ports to pick up passengers before it crosses the ocean. 4. She fell on her knees and took hold on the skirt of his coat. 5. That class will never succeed to pull anything over the new teacher, he's too experienced. 6. The politician gave away his best chance to win the election when he foolishly said the wrong thing. 7. The woman in the market put it across me. She had sold me some bad eggs. 8. He pulled the curtain aside and looked down into the street. 9. Jane called out when she saw her friend across the street. 10. When I go away she is to take charge of the children.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into English using the gerund as:

•subject

1.Я буду ужасно рад, когда почтальоны прекратят забастовку, так тяжело без писем. 2. Отцу Джима оказалось слишком трудным

вести дело самому. 3. Брать деньги в долг превратится в дурную привычку, если ты и дальше будешь это делать. 4. Чтобы забивать такие длинные гвозди, нужна сила и сноровка. 5. Раскрыть тайну смерти этого человека – моя обязанность.

•object

1.Ты позаботился о том, чтобы взять на прокат машину на

выходные? 2. Мы с удовольствием ожидаем получения вашего предложения. 3. Младшая сестра получила шоколадку за то, что помирила старшую с ее молодым человеком. 4. Повышение цен на нефть приводит к повышению стоимости всех остальных товаров.

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5. Повар сообщил мне, что он изобрел новый способ жарки грибов в вине.

• part of compound verbal predicate

1. Я все пытаюсь понять, как работает двигатель, но яснее это

не становится. 2. Я продолжал перечитывать инструкцию снова и снова, но все равно не мог понять, что от меня требуется. 3. Ее друзья не одобряют ее поведения с тех пор, как она начала флиртовать с женатыми мужчинами. 4. Магазин начал распродавать старые телевизоры по сниженным ценам, чтобы освободить место для последних моделей. 5. Они закончили обсуждать вопрос о переезде, хотя не пришли к взаимному согласию.

•attribute

1.Рабочие завода заявили о своем намерении оставаться на

рабочих местах до тех пор, пока не будут удовлетворены их требования. 2. Хотелось бы мне обладать таким же даром заглядывать в сердца людей, как у тебя. 3. Когда первые поезда отправлялись в путь, перед каждым поездом должен был бежать человек с красным флагом в руках. 4. В настоящее время лишь немногие считают, что есть необходимость восстановить смертную казнь. 5. У учеников нет возможности как-то ответить учителю,

который ставит им несправедливые отметки.

•adverbial modifier

1.В течение шести месяцев он наверстывал пропущенный учебный материал. 2. Ребята смотрели футбольный матч через дыру в заборе. 3. Джон всю ночь провел в поисках трех своих

заблудившихся овец. 4. Ученик повторяет свой урок, прежде чем отвечать учителю. 5. У нас есть способ наказать правительство за

то, что оно не выполнило свои предвыборные обещания – проголосовать против него на следующих выборах.

Complexes with the Gerund

The action expressed by the gerund can refer to the subject and sometimes to the object of the sentence:

e.g. They began speaking (the action expressed by the gerund speaking refers to the subject they).

I am obliged to you for helping me (the action expressed by the gerund helping refers to the object you).

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Не было надежды, что мы получим билеты.

3. As an object:

He insisted on my returning soon. = He insisted that is should return

soon.

Он настаивал на том, чтобы я вернулся скоро.

When the lecturer appeared in the hall, there was loud

applause.

Когда лектор появился в зале, раздались громкие аплодисменты.

► FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES

Exercise 10. State the syntactic functions of the gerundial complexes. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. There was a little door in it, which opened on their ringing. (W.S.

Maugham) 2. I don’t like the idea of your taking all the matter upon yourself. (C. Campbell) 3. There is no reason for his taking this fact seriously. It is silly. (C. Campbell) 4. My saying this to her face made her blood boil. (C. Forbes) 5. At all events he would not hear of Philip

leaving before the end of the term, for no notice had been given and the term’s fee would have to be paid in any case. (W.S. Maugham) 6. I have

no objection to their coming to the party tonight. 7. He had loved Dev the best … but his passing had also meant there was one less mouth to

feed. (S. King) 8. On my entering the room, she pretended not to notice

me. (C. Campbell) 9. I could never forgive for her making a mock of me. (C. Forbes) 10. They were vexed with their son’s flinging an insult

at them. (D.H. Lawrence)

Exercise 11. Complete the sentences using the gerundial complexes from the following list. Translate the sentences into Russian:

our refusing, your leaving, her mentioning, my getting, my smoking, his behaving, my creating, their father’s running out, her fighting back,

your arriving.

1. “Do you mind …?” – “Speaking frankly, yes. I can’t stand it”. 2.

He was so unhappy because of ... on the family at a hard time like this.

3. I like the idea of … to Egypt, so you can have a rest and freshen yourself up. 4. Nothing warranted … like that, even the fact that he had been fired. 5. … this job raises hopes in my breast for an improvement.

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