Английский язык. Учебно-методическое пособие

the desired position and the main boom is located over the work area.

5.The machine is so efficient that job times can be cut in half.

6.Luigi Guerini founded this business in 1917 as a construction trucking companybutinthelate’40sLuigiintroducedthefirsthydraulicbackhoeto the Boston area, thus expanding the business to include excavating. 7. In 1965, the second generation, Andrew and Richard Guerini, were ready to expand the business by acquiring mobile hydraulic cranes, and in 1969 the brothers ventured into an industry by purchasing their first concrete pump.

8.Today,the thirdgenerationof the familycarries onkeepingpace withthe newesttrends inconstructionequipment technology,the latestintroduction of the Putzmeister Telebelt Line having proved their position as industry innovators.

9.Bob Magliozzi tells about two projects that have involved the Telebelt.

10.“One project completed last April involved our Telebelt for moving materialintoaconstructionsite,”Magliozzisaid.11.“WeworkedforJames Flett Co. and cut days off of their very tight schedule by quickly and efficiently placing the material to grade over a maze of electrical and plumbing fixtures. 12. The conveyor was able to get right in there and get the job done.” 13. Magliozzi said that the Telebelt had been moved to a projectat theCollicott School inMilton, Mass. 14.“The contractor andhis site work had the problem of getting gravel fill into the gymnasium area of the new elementary school,” Magliozzi said. 15. “The only access was a 3-foot passdoor,andthiswouldhavebeenatime-consumingprocessonaprojectthat hadtobecompletedbythestartoftheschoolyearattheendofAugust.16.The Telebeltwasabletoconveythematerial,whichinthis casewasgravel,through a window opening and into the desired area, and the contractor saved several days as all the required material was placed in one day.”

1.Superlative degree; modal verb.

2.Modal verb; Infinitive (function).

3.Noun groups; meaning of “-s”.

4.Passive Voice.

5.Modal verb; Infinitive (function).

6.Ing-forms; ed-forms.

7.“Were” (function); Gerund( function).

8.Degree of comparison of the adjectives; Absolute Participle Construction.

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9.Predicates (tense).

10.Gerund (function); ed-forms.

11.Adverbs.

12.Modal verb.

13.Predicates (tense).

14.Noun groups ; Gerund (function).

15.Have (function); would (function).Subjects and predicates (tense).

16.“Was” (function); Participle II (function); Infinitive (function).

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Unit 7

Grammar: Complex Sentences.

Text A

CONCRETE MIXER

Part I

A concrete mixer is a device that homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete. A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to mix the components. For smaller volume works portable concrete mixers are often used so that the concrete can be made at the construction site, giving the workers time to use the concrete before it hardens.An alternative to a machine is mixing concrete or cement by hand.

Industrial mixers Today’s market increasingly requires consistent homogeneityandshort mixingtimes forthe industrialproductionofreadymix concrete. This has resulted in refinement of mixing technologies for concrete production. Different styles of stationary mixers have been developed, each with its own inherent strengths targeting different parts of the concrete production market. The most common mixers used today fall into3categories:Twin-shaftmixers,VerticalaxismixersandDrummixers Twin-shaft mixers are known because their mixing intensity is high, and therefore mixing times are short. These mixers are typically used for high strength concrete, typically in batches of 2–6 m3 (2.6–7.8 cu yd).

Vertical axis mixers are most commonly used for precast and prestressed concrete.This style of mixer cleans well between batches, and is preferred for smaller batches (typically 0.75–3 m3 or 0.98–3.9 cu yd), and multiple dischargepoints.Withinthis category,thePanmixers arelosing popularity to the more efficient Planetary (or counter-current) ones as the additional mixing action helps in production of more critical* concrete mixes.

Drummixers (reversing drum mixer and tilting drum mixers) are usedwhere large volumes of concrete are being produced (batch sizes of 3–9 m3 or 3.9–12cuyd).Thistypeofmixerdominatestheready-mixedmarketas it is known to be capable of high production speeds, and where overall cost of production is important.

All three types of mixers which have their own inherent strengths and weaknesses are used in the construction industry.

*зд. нормируемый

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Part II

Concrete mixing transport truck Special concrete transport trucks are made to transportandmixconcrete up to theconstruction site.Theycan be charged with dry materials and water, the mixing occurring during the transportation.Theconcretemixingtransporttruckmaintainsthematerial’s liquid state through agitation, or turning of the drum, until the delivery is accomplished.

The interior of the drum on a concrete mixing truck is fitted with a spiral blade. In one rotational direction, the concrete is pushed deeper into the drum. This is the direction the drum is rotated, while the concrete is being transported to the building site.When the drum rotates in the other direction, the screw-type arrangement discharges, or forces the concrete out of the drum. From there it maygoontochutes toguide the concrete directlytothe jobsite.If the truck cannot get close enough to the site to use the chutes,the concrete may be discharged into a concrete pump, connected to a flexible hose,orontoaconveyorbeltwhich can be extended some distance (typically ten or more metres).

Apump provides the means to move the material to precise locations. The drum is traditionally made of steel although fiberglass has been used on some newer trucks in order to reduce the weight.

Rear discharge trucks require both a driver and a worker who guides the truck and chute back and forth so that the concrete may be placed in the manner suitable to the contractor.Newerfrontdischargetruckshavecontrols inside the cab of the truck, which allows the driver to move the chute in all directions.

Concrete mixers are equipped with two or more axles. Mixers commonly will have multiple steering axles as well, which generally results in very large turning radii.

Tractor trailercombination mixers where the mixer is installed on a trailer instead of a truck chassis are sometimes used. Concrete mixers generally do not travel far from their plant, as the concrete begins to set as soon as it is in the truck. Many contractors require that the concrete should be in place within 90 minutes after loading. If the truck breaks down or for some other reason the concrete hardens in the truck, workers may need to enter the barrel with jackhammers; dynamite is still occasionally used to break up hardened concrete in the barrel under certain circumstances.

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Trucks weigh 20,000 to 30,000 pounds (9,070 to 13,600 kg), and can carry roughly 40,000 pounds (18,100 kg) of concrete although many varying sizes of mixer trucks are currently in use.The mostcommontruckcapacity is 8 cubic yards (6.1 m3). Most concrete mixers in the UK are limited to a speed of 56 miles per hour (90 km/h).

Active Vocabulary:

Exercise 1.Answer the following questions:

1.What does a mixer use to mix components?

2.What main types of industrial mixers are there?

3.Why are mixing times of twin-shaft mixers short?

4.When are vertical axis mixers preferred?

5.Why do drum mixers dominate the ready-mixed concrete market?

6.When does mixing occur in concrete transport trucks?

7.What does a pump provide?

8.What is the difference between rear and front discharge trucks?

9.Why can’t concrete mixers travel far from their plants?

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Exercise2.AnalyzethesubordinateclausesunderlinedinTextA,define their types and the forms of their predicates.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to attributive clauses:

a)without a conjunction:

1.The type of construction sites you are typicallyworking at will affect the amount of traction you require.

2.Aframe the barrel has is welded to the chassis rails, a single 11 5/8- inch frame being suitable.

3.The weight mixers have is very critical, because you have to save a lot to be able to haul an extra half-yard of concrete.

4.Another thing you should remember is air filtration.

b) with different meanings of “which”:

1.It is important to do the research in order to purchase the right piece of equipment which will meet your needs and do the job efficiently and cost-effectively.

2.Some states require compliance (согласие) with the Federal Bridge Formulaand othersdon’t,which willhaveabiginfluenceonhowthe axles of a mixer are set up and spaced.

3.Depending on the weight which is carried by the steer axle and the laws in your state, you may also need to use wide-based front tires.

4.Therearemixerconfigurationswithactivetire-pressurecontrolsystem whichallowsthedrivertoreducetirepressurewhentheyareoff-road to get the traction which is necessary in the sand.

5.Big horsepower is not a requirement for mixer applications, which means that generally 320 horsepower to 350 horsepower is enough for most applications

6.With the electronic controls on the newer automatics, the shifting is very smooth and responsive, which reduces stress on the drivetrain, and the truck can keep up in traffic much easier.

7.Such components as wheels, air tanks and clutch housings which are made in aluminum rather than steel reduce the weight of a mixer.

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8.The shorter drill pipe also allows amuchsmaller mast, which gives a smallerandlighterrigwhichischeapertoshipoverseasandcanfitin a standard 20 foot (6.1 m) shipping container.

Exercise 4. Translate Text B without a dictionary and make questions to the text:

Text B

PETERBILT 382:AN EXCELLENT MIXER

Customers order lots of concrete at less than what producers consider full loads,soitmakessensetohavetrucks thatcandeliverthematalowercost. Forthis,truckbuildershave“Baby8”models:Class8chassiswithmidrange engines. One of the latest is this Peterbilt 382 that, like a growing number of competitors, uses Cummins’ ISL9 diesel.

The382 is an aerodynamicallystyled model that looks a lot like Peterbilt’s medium-duty conventional mixers. It debuted as a local and regional road tractor about the time that EPA-2010 diesels were adopted. Now it can be builtwithvocationalspecificationstohandlejobssuchasconcretedelivery. Amongotherthings, itsaluminumcabhasextrastructuralmemberstotake the twisting and shaking inherent in off-road running.

Ofcourse,acustomerneedingmoreweightcapacitywouldstilluseaModel 365, 367 or even a 388 or 389 with vocational components. But this 10wheel 382 with its 66,000-pound vehicle weight is ideal for lighter work. By now it should be available with one or two factory-installed pusher axles, not to increase GVW (gross vehicle weight), which is imposed by Cummins due tothe engine’smoderate size,but tobetterdistribute weight. The8.9-literISLdieselengineisbasedontheISC8.3andcanhandleheavy- duty stresses. It easily fits under the 382’s hood and is the only engine available in this model, except that the natural gas-burning ISL-G has just been added.

Although the 382 is compact, its chassis components caused the cab to sit high, so there are three well-placed steps and enough hand rails.

Inside, grey plastic panels cover most surfaces. Small gauges, nice-sized rocker switches, and rotary switches for headlamps and heater and air conditioning controls are all nicely laid out and easy to use.

The windshield is made of two pieces, a perfect design that limits damage when stones get intoone side orthe other.The viewthrough it andoverthe

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sloped hood is good. Nice-size glass is also in the doors and the cab’s rear wall. Rear corners had curved glass windows that complete a 360-degree view, except of course to the rear where the barrel is. As with any mixer truck, there’s a big gap between cab and barrel that aids visibility to the right-rear.

Thesteeringispreciseandhasanicefeel,andthetruckisabletomakevery tight turns, even with thebig 425-series front tires.This allows the truck to easily maneuver on city streets and job sites.

Exercise 6. Translate Text C with a dictionary and make grammar analysis:

Text C

TEREX MIXER SHOWS COCEPT’SADVANTAGES

1.Front-dischargeconcretemixershavebeenaroundformorethan40years, but they are not used in many markets so they might seem foreign to many peopleintheconstructionbusiness,thoughtheygivespeedandproductivity that contractors and workers appreciate.

2.Terex’s basic modelis called FD3000 and is said tobe verypopular with customers and an easy truck to drive. 3. On the three-section instrument panel, gauges are to the driver’s front and left, and most controls are to the right, all being well laid out and easy to use. 4. Power windows are among the standard features of the cab, and this one had air conditioning as well. 5.Thecabiswideenoughforasecondfold-uptypeseat,tothedriver’s left, which allows a driver-trainer to ride along and give instructions to a new driver, and closely watch what he is doing. 6. With the previous narrow cab, one or the other had to get to the jobsite in a separate vehicle.

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7. Good visibility, decent maneuverability and theAllison automatic make the truck easy to drive, but are also important to its delivery role. 8. If you have seen one of these working, you know that a front-discharge mixer drives right up to a pour site and quickly begins off-loading. 9. The driver gets out to attach extensions to the chute, then returns to the cab to control the hydraulically powered chute and drum. 10. With a control lever, he raises and lowers the chute and swings it left or right, while moving the truck to keep the end of the chute properly positioned. 11. He speeds and slows thedrum with a foot pedalnext to thesteeringcolumn. 12.Amanual transmission with its clutch pedal and shift lever would add considerable clumsinesstotheoperation,sotheAllisonisakeycomponent.13.External controls, either mechanical or electronic, with a hand-held remote, allow someone of the crew to run the chute if he wants to, and the driver uses them to wash out the chute and funnel.

14. Driver operation of the chute means the contractor can eliminate one manfromhiscrew.15.That andthespeedof thepoursavehimmoney,and he and other contractors begin demanding their concrete to be delivered this way. 16.This is whyfront-discharge mixers became popular in certain markets,mostlyintheMidwest,NortheastandFlorida(and,ofcourse,Salt Lake City), but not in most others, where producers have so far avoided them. 17.Partlybecause of theAllison, a front-discharge mixer costs more than a conventional mixer truck does. 18. Because a front-discharge mixer unloads fast, it can usually haul one extra load in a work shift, helping to pay off its cost.

1.Subjects and predicates (tense); types of subordinate clauses.

2.Possessive case; Complex Subject.

3.Absolute Participle Construction; “be” (function).

4.One (function).

5.Complex Object; “is” (function); meaning of “s”.

6.Modal verb.

8.Conditional sentence.

9.Infinitive (function).

10.It (function); ing-form.

11.Conversion.

12.“Would” (function).

13.Complex object.

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14.Objective clause.

15.Gerund (function); Infinitive (function).

16.Predicates (tense).

17.“Does” (function).

18.Noun group; Infinitive (function).

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