Английский язык. Учебно-методическое пособие

Exercise 2. Define the part of speech and the function of the words underlined in Text A.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to ingforms:

1.Aerial-work-platform sales have grown enough to accommodate (примирять) manufacturers competing for users of specialized machines.

2.A growing percentage of aerial-work platforms are sold with accessories thatoutfit them specificallyforthe work that theywill be doing.

3.Lightweight electrically powered AWPs are gaining popularity for window-cleaning or other maintenance operations.

4.That way the same machine can be useful for installing mechanical systems and other interior work as the building is finished.

5.Another safety consideration is leveling the truck before unloading.

6.Since November, ReachMaster has been distributing two trackmounted articulated booms made by the Italian company, Hinowa.

7.The T66JRT is designed to be compact, having a height of 8 feet 4 inches.

8.Theneedsofthecommercialbuildingmarketbeingsogreat,thelargest scissor-liftmanufacturers—Genie,Haulotte,MEC,Skyjack—have introduced new RT scissors in the past 18 months.

9.Vacuum excavation significantly reduces the risk of loss of property

and injury to workers associated with contacting or cutting underground utilities.

10.Most protocols require training every operator.

Exercise 4. Translate Text B without a dictionary and make questions to the text:

Text B

SAFETYCRITERIAFORAWPs OPERATION

The majority of manufacturers and operators have strict safety criteria for the operation of AWPs. In some countries, a licence and/or insurance is

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required to operate some types of AWP. Manufacturers determine a range of pre-usage checks of the unit and also recommend regular maintenance schedules. Work platforms are fitted with safety or guard rails around the platform itself to contain operators and passengers. Some work platforms alsohaveanedge aroundthe floorof theplatformitself to avoidaccidental falling of tools or supplies off the platform. Some protocols require all equipmenttobeattachedtothestructure.Extremecaremustbetakenwhen usingAWPs in near the overhead power lines, as an accident may result if the lift comes in contact with energized wiring. Non-conductive materials, such as fiberglass, may be used to reduce this danger. AWPs often come equippedwithavarietyoftiltsensors.Themostcommonlyactivatedsensor (especially with two people on a lift), will cause the machine to refuse to raisetheplatformbeyondacertainheight.Sensorswithinthemachinedetect thatweightontheplatformisoffbalancetosuchapointastoriskapossible tip-overiftheplatformisraisedfurther.Anothersensorwillrefusetoextend the platform if the machine is on a significant incline. Some models of AWPs additionally feature counterweights, which extend in order to offset the danger of tipping the machine. Some lifts are also fitted with sensors which willprevent operation if theweight on the platform exceeds the safe working load. As with most dangerous mechanical devices, all AWPs are fitted with an emergency stop button or buttons for use in the event of a malfunction or danger. Best practice dictates fitting of emergency stop buttons ontheplatformandatthebaseasaminimum.Othersafetyfeatures include automatic self-checking of the AWP’s working parts, including a voltmeter that detects if the lift has insufficient power to complete its tasks and preventing operation if supply voltage is insufficient. Some AWPs provide manual lowering levers at the base of the machine, allowing operators to lower the platform to the ground in the event of a power or control failure.

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Exercise 5. Translate Text C with a dictionary and make its grammar analysis:

Text C

MLE’s AERIALWORKING PLATFORMS

1.Man&MaterialLiftEngineering(MLE),acompanythathasrecentlyentered the construction market with a heavy-lifting telescopic AWP line — a 40-foot model that will lift 3,000 pounds and a 60-footer rated to lift 2,000 pounds. 2. MLE sells Quad Lifters on the strength of their ability to replace telehandlers and small cranes on some building sites. 3. In fact, to approach the T40MH-3000’s capacity at 40 feet of lift height, one has to put a basket on the end of a telehandler.

4. MLE’s accessories are designed to take advantage of a fully functioning personnel lift with tremendous capacity. 5. Extendable material racks, a 1,000-pound winch, or a pair of 500-pound winches are actually mounted on the basket. 6. Another attachment that replaces the standard platform puts a one-man basket on the back side of a pallet-fork carriage.

7. QuadLifterscomewithamulti-capacityloadchartthatlooks likethatof atelehandler.8.Aswithanyliftingmachine,theygiveupcapacitytoremain stableastheloadisboomeddown.9.MLE’sLoadSensingPlatformclearly showstheoperatorhowmuchweightisontheplatform,andMLEpresident Jeff Bailey says operators should be trained to use the machines.

10.MLE created their machines by mounting a 40-foot boom on their 60footer’s carrier, and a 60-foot boom is mountedontheir80-footer’s carrier.

11.So they have gained a 60-foot lift that weighs 31,500 pounds and has a nearly 20-foot turning radius to its outside edge.

12.Restricted work sites and machine weight being a problem, Genie’s newS-60HCwithcapacitytolift1,250poundstoits60-footplatformheight could be an alternative. 13. Both the Genie and MLE’s T60MH-2000 will take their full rated loads out past 40 feet in horizontal outreach. 14. The Genie is a somewhat more conventional machine, though, weighing in at just over 22,000 pounds and turning within an 18-foot radius.

15.Mechanicalcontractors, glazers, bricklayers,andothertradesareoften looking to move heavier loads and up to three people into and out of hard- to-reach areas, so the high-capacity booms can be an advantage in certain niches.

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Notes:

on the strength of – на основании

1.Noun groups; Predicates (tense); ed-forms.

2.Infinitive (function); meaning of “s”.

3.Modal verb; Infinitive (function).

4.Participle I (function); Possessive case.

5.Passive Voice.

6.Noun groups.

7.That (function).

8.Meanings of “as”.

9.Subordinate clauses; meaning of “s”; Modal verb.

10.Gerund (function); ed-forms.

11.Have (function).

12.AbsoluteParticipleConstruction;Infinitive(function);Modalverb.

13.Both…and (translation);Predicate (tense).

14.Comparative degree.

15.Participle I (function); meaning of suffixes “-er”, “-or”.

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Unit 6

Grammar: Infinitive;

Infinitive Constructions.

Text A

CONVEYORS

Part I

A conveyor system is a common type of mechanical handling equipment used to move materials from one location to another. Conveyors are especially useful in applications involving the transportation of heavy or bulkymaterials.Conveyorsystemsallowquickandefficienttransportation forawidevarietyofmaterials,whichmakesthemverypopular.Manykinds of conveying systems are available, and are used according to the various needs of different industries.

Conveyor systems are used widespread across a range of industries due to the numerous benefits they provide.

•Conveyors are able to safely transport materials from one level to another, which when done by human labour would be hard and expensive.

•They can be installedalmost anywhere, and are much saferthan using a forklift or other machine to move materials.

•Theycanmoveloadsofallshapes,sizesandweights.Also,manyhave advanced safety features that help to prevent accidents.

•Thereareavarietyofoptionsavailableforrunningconveyingsystems, including the hydraulic, mechanical and fully automated systems, which are equipped to fit individual needs.

Many factors are important in the accurate selection of a conveyor system. It is important to know how the conveyor system will be used beforehand. Some individual areas that are helpful to considerare the required conveyor operations,suchastransportation,accumulationandsorting,thematerialsizes, weights and shapes and where the loading and pickup points need to be.

Conveyors are durable and reliable components used in automated distribution and warehousing. In combination with computer controlled pallet handling equipment they allow more efficient manufacturing distribution to be accomplished. Conveyors are considered to be a labour savingsystemthatallowstomovelargevolumesrapidlythroughaprocess, allowing companies to shipor receivehigher volumes withsmaller storage space and with less labor expense.

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Part II

Belt conveyors are generally very similar in construction consisting of a metal frame with rollers at either end of a flat metal bed.The belt is looped around each of the rollers and when one of the rollers is powered (by an electrical motor) the belt slides across the solid metal frame bed, moving the product. In heavy use applications the beds which the belt is pulled over are replacedwith rollers.The rollers allow weight to be conveyedastheyreduce the amount of friction generated from the heavier loading on the belt.

Belt conveyors can now be manufactured with curved sections which use tapered rollers and curved belts to convey products around a corner. A sandwich belt conveyor uses two conveyor belts, face-to-face, to firmly contain the item being carried, making steep inclines and even vertical-lift runs achievable. Belt conveyors are the most commonly used powered conveyors because they are the most versatile and the least expensive. Productisconveyeddirectlyonthebeltsobothregularandirregularshaped objects, large or small, light and heavy, can be transported successfully. These conveyors should use only the highest quality premium belting products, which reduces belt stretch and results in less maintenance for tension adjustments. Belt conveyors can be used to transport product in a straight line or through changes in elevation or direction.

Rubber conveyor belts are commonly used to conveyitems with irregular bottom surfaces, small items that would fall in between rollers or bags of product that would sag between rollers.

The belt consists of one or more layers of material. Many belts in general material handling have two layers. An under layer of material to provide linear strength and shape is called a carcass and an over layer is called the cover. The carcass is often a cotton or plastic web or mesh. The cover is often various rubber or plastic compounds specified by use of the belt. Covers can be made from more exotic materials for unusual applications such as silicone for heat or gum rubber when traction is essential. Material flowing over the belt may be weighedin transit using a beltweigher. Belts with regularly spaced partitions, known as elevator belts, are used for transporting loose materials up steep inclines.

Conveyor technology is also used in conveyor transport such as moving sidewalks or escalators, as well as on many manufacturing assemblylines. Awidevarietyofrelatedconveyingmachinesareavailable,differentasregards principle of operation, means and direction of conveyance, including screw

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conveyors, vibrating conveyors, pneumatic conveyors, the moving floor system, which uses reciprocating slats to move cargo, and roller conveyor system, which uses a series of powered rollers to conveyboxes or pallets.

Active Vocabulary:

Exercise 1.Answer the following questions:

1.What is a conveyor system?

2.What do conveyor systems allow to do?

3.What benefits do conveyor systems provide?

4.How can a proper conveyor system be selected?

5.Why are conveyors considered to be a labour saving system?

6.What does a belt conveyor consist of?

7.What structure do belt conveyors have?

8.Why are belt conveyors the most widely used transportation means?

9.What types of conveyor systems are there?

Exercise2.Definetheformsandfunctionsoftheinfinitivesunderlined in Text A. Explain the cases when the infinitives are used without particle “to”.

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Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the infinitives:

1.The end of the suction excavation tube may be toothed.

2.The toothed tube helps to cut earth when used for excavation.

3.To accomplish various kinds of transportation is the purpose of conveyor systems.

4.Companies producing general material handling belt conveyors do not usually provide the conveyors to handle bulk materials.

5.Belts with regularly spaced partitions are used to transport loose materials up steep inclines.

6.Aconveyorsystemthatisdesignedproperlywilllastalongtimewith good maintenance.

7.Inasystemthatusespreciselycontrolledbelts,suchasashortersystem, regular inspection should be made to check if all belts are travelling at the proper speeds at all times.

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the infinitive constructions:

1.Theunitissaidtohaveanew designedairflowprinciple,andthus a considerably improved suction performance.

2.Intheaccompanyingphotographstherubble(каменныеобломки) seems to be largely plaster removed from the walls.

3.We know conveyor technologyto be usedonmanymanufacturing assembly lines.

4.In the case of belt conveyors, a poor take-up (натяжное приспособление, натяжной ролик) may cause the drive unit to fail or may let the belt slip off the side of the chassis.

5.Air pressure in pneumatic conveyors allows many products to be moved through various tubes.

6.Vibrating conveyors are claimed to transport materials at angles exceeding 45degrees from horizontal.

Exercise 5. Translate Text B without a dictionary and make questions to the text:

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Text B

CAREAND MAINTENANCE OFCONVEYOR SYSTEMS

A conveyor system is often very important to a company’s ability to effectively move its product. The steps that a company can take to ensure thatitperformsatpeakcapacityincluderegularinspections,closemonitoring of motors and key parts, and proper training of personnel. Increasing the service life of your conveyor system involves: choosing the right conveyor type, the right system design and paying attention to regular maintenance practices. Here are six of the biggest problems to watch for in overhead type conveyor systems including I-beam monorails, enclosed track conveyors and power and free conveyors.

Poor take-up adjustment: This is a simple adjustment on most systems yet it is often overlooked. The chain take-up device ensures that the chain is pulled properly as it leaves the drive unit. As wear occurs and the chain lengthens,thetake-upextendsundertheforceofitssprings.Astheyextend, the spring force becomes less and the take-up has less effect. Simply compress the take-up springs and your problem goes away. Failure to do this can result in chain surging, jamming, and extreme wear on the track and chain. Take-up adjustment is also important for any conveyor using belts as a means to power rollers. With poor take up on belt-driven rollers, the belt may twist into the drive unit and cause damage or at the least a noticeable decrease or complete loss of performance may occur.

Lack of lubrication: Chain bearings require lubrication in order to reduce friction.Thechainpullthatthedriveexperiencescandoubleifthebearings are not lubricated.

Contamination: Paint, powder, acid or alkaline fluids, abrasives, etc. can all lead to rapid deterioration of track and chain. Contamination will acceleratewear.Buildingshroudsaroundyourconveyorscanhelptoprevent theingressofcontaminants.Or,pressurizethecontainedareausingasimple fan and duct arrangement. Contamination can also apply to belts (causing slippage,orinthecaseofsomematerialsprematurewear),andofthemotors themselves. Since the motors can generate a considerable amount of heat, keepingthesurface cleanisanalmost-free maintenance procedure thatcan keep heat from getting trapped by dust, which may lead to motor burnout. Product Handling:Inconveyorsystemsthatmaybesuitedforawidevariety of products, it is important for each new product to be acceptable for

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conveying. Items that are too small, too large, too heavy, too light, or too awkwardlyshapedmaynotconvey,ormaycausemanyproblems including jams,excesswearonconveyingequipment,motoroverloads,beltbreakage, or other damage, and may also consume extra man-hours in picking up objectsthatslippedbetweenrollers,ordamagedproductthatwasnotmeant for materials handling.

Drive Train: Parts of the drive trainshould bekeptinproper shape. Lossof power to even one or a few rollers on a conveyor can mean the ineffective and timely delivery.

Bad Belt Tracking or Timing: Regular inspection should be made to check if all belts are travelling at the proper speeds at all times. While usually a computercontrols this, anybelt notcontrolledmustbe monitoredtoensure accuracy and reduce the likelihood of problems.

Exercise 6. Translate Text C with a dictionary and make grammar analysis:

Text C

PUTZMEISTER TELEBELTTB110

1.In the construction business most contractors have to save as much time and labor as possible. 2. So, when time is short and spaces are small, you might want to use the PutzmeisterTelebelt TB 110 conveyor by L. Guerini Group, Inc.

3. Outfitted with elephant trunk with a discharge end that places back-fill easilyintotightareas,thismobile,high-capacityconveyorsystemcaneasily changefromonematerialtoanotherwhileprocessinggravel,crushedstone, concrete, flowable fill, mulch, loam, and other materials. 4. Used with a radio remote control that positions the unit on-site, the feed is lowered to

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