Professional Career in Food Industry. Tutorial

Food engineering encompasses a wide range of activities. Food engineers are employed in food processing, food machinery, packaging, ingredient manufacturing, instrumentation, and control. Firms that design and build food processing plants, consulting firms, government agencies, pharmaceutical companies, and health-care firms also employ engineers.

In the development of food engineering one of the main challenges is to employ modern tools, technology and knowledge, such as computational materials science and nanotechnology, to develop new products and processes.

Simultaneously, improving quality, safety, and security does not eliminate critical issues in food engineering study. New packaging materials and techniques are being developed to provide more protection to food. Novel preservation technology is emerging. Additionally, process control and automation regularly appear among the top priorities identified in food engineering. Advanced monitoring and control systems are developed to facilitate automation and flexible food manufacturing. Energy saving and minimization of environmental problems continue to be important food engineering issues.

(Selected and adapted from https: / en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Food_engineering Food engineering)

UNIT 19. I WANT TO CHANGE MY JOB

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES

1.Vocabulary study. Check if you read these words correctly: unreliable, company, hypertension

2.Explain the meaning of the nouns: expectation, workplace,

attitude, instability, income, loyalty, employability, mentality, generation

3.Translate the following verbs into Russian: to fulfil, to explore, to loose, to enhance

4.Explain the phrases from the text: round-table discussion, stress disorders, divorce rates, quality of life, to share opinions

Text reading and comprehension. Read and translate the following text-discussion orally. Use a dictionary if necessary.

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TEXT-DISCUSSION: I WANT TO CHANGE MY JOB

–I’m glad to greet everybody at our round-table discussion. It is a chance for sharing opinions on the following subject: “Changing jobs – pros and cons”.

As you know, people have many expectations from their jobs. Jobs are usually done by people to fulfil their needs and also for selfsatisfactions, and for gaining skills. Nowadays, many people take the option to change jobs, while others prefer not to. In the modern workplace, there is no longer the attitude that ‘a job is for life’. Let us explore the good and bad points of changing jobs.

–I think one of the main benefits of staying in one job is security. Changing employer often means a period of instability, or loosing a steady source of income. Staying in one job means that these problems are avoided. Another benefit of not changing occupation is that a person is able to gain a lot of experience in his specific profession, thus enhancing job security. Moreover, company may recognize person’s loyalty and reward his service.

On the other hand, those who often change jobs may be seen as unreliable workers, lacking in experience. However, there are arguments in favour of changing job frequently. One is that a worker improves his employability. Working in several different jobs often means that the individuals will have more skills. Such people are seen as more dynamic. Increased wages and promotion are often easier to attain by changing jobs.

–Let me have my say. I believe that in the past, employees traditionally worked for the same company for life. Nowadays, many people change jobs, or even careers, at least once in their life. What are the causes and effects of this recent trend? Here is my opinion.

In the past, it was common for people to work for the same company for their entire life. People would work for the same organization for 40 or even 50 years. In recent times, however, employees have tended to change jobs several times. There are many reasons behind this growing trend.

People’s mentality was different in the past. Values like stability and loyalty were more important than they are now, so both companies and employees of past generations invested more in each other. Nowadays, however, making money and making progress are more important. As a result, people are much more ready to look for a position with a better

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salary or with more opportunities for advancement. In fact, many people change jobs several times in their career. I think it is very well.

– And to my mind, since people are willing to change jobs or careers readily, so organizations are increasingly realizing the importance of providing better salaries and certain types of benefits to their employees. More and more companies provide excellent opportunities for training and advancement. This trend has enabled employees to hold higher positions at a much younger age. Unlike past generations, today’s workers are in a better position to live a better life. But they are increasingly experiencing stress disorders, hypertension, increasing divorce rates and a decline in the quality of life.

ASSIGNMENTS

1.Speaking activity. Give a short answer to the question: What is your attitude to a man who often changes jobs?

2.Ask your groupmate if his friend wants to change his work in the

office.

3.Explain: Why do people often look for a position with a better

salary or with more opportunities for advancement?

4. Read the telephone numbers correctly.

578-44-32 489-00-08 457- 36-99 274- 83-68 988-01-00

5.Grammar point. Define Limiting clauses within relative pronouns

/whom, which, that / in the sentences (Ограничительные придаточныe определительныe предложения с относительными местоимениями).

Translate the sentences into Russian.

Example: The house we live in is in the centre of the city. Compare: The house in which we live is in the centre of the town. = Дом, в котором

мы живем, расположен в центре города

1.He is not the employer I am looking for.

2.Many young people want to change jobs they don’t like.

3.More companies provide excellent training opportunities the applicants appreciate very much.

4.Jobs people usually do could also be not only for money, but for self-satisfaction.

5.Round-table discussion the company announced gathered many highly-qualified specialists

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6.Test-sentences. Choose the correct words to fill in the blank:

-Some people say that Americans go to work with _______________ in their pockets.

a) a letter b) a report c) a resume d) an ability

- In this country, it is not unusual for people to change jobs

__________________.

a) yearly b) rarely c) monthly d) frequently

- Changing jobs is a way of _________professionally and financially. a) hiring b) shifting c) working d) advancing

- It is not _______________strange for a person to have three or four jobs over a period of ten years.

a) included b) allowed c) employed d) considered

7. Food Science Basics. Translate the following text in a written form using a dictionary. Make a list of words and word combinations referring to Food production.

Food manufacturing

Food production or food manufacturing is the process of transforming raw ingredients into prepared food products. Food production includes industries that take raw food products and convert them into marketable food items. Home food production includes converting products into forms for long-term storage.

The food production industry takes fruits, vegetables and grains in their harvested forms as well as meat directly after the butchering process and processes these into the types of food products that are available for sale in supermarkets. Food production ranges from minimal processing, such as cleaning and packaging, to complicated processes involving lots of additives and ingredients. Food production processes create products with longer shelf lives than raw food ingredients.

Some food production techniques go back to prehistoric times. Early food processing includes smoking and salting meats for long-term storage and fermenting or pickling vegetables, curdling, and drying. An example of an early processed food product is cheese. However, early food processing techniques were limited by the available food preservation, packaging and transportation. In the 19th century, canning became a popular method of food production. Home cooks sometimes use traditional food production

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techniques, such as fermenting, pickling and canning, to produce food for their families.

During the industrialization era in the 19th century, food manufacturing arose. This development took advantage of new mass markets and emerging new technology, such as milling, preservation, packaging and labelling and transportation. It brought the advantages of prepared timesaving food to ordinary people who did not employ domestic servants.

At the start of the 21st century, a two-tier structure has arisen, with a few international food processing giants controlling a wide range of wellknown food brands, and a populous number of small local or national food processing companies. For example, Moscow confectionery "Red October”, Company Baltika Breweries (Russia's largest beer producer, exporting its products to 46 countries), Wimm-Bill-Dann (a company engaged in the production of dairy products and non-alcoholic beverages, such as juice and water).

Although food production techniques produce germ-free food products with long shelf lives, they also have drawbacks. During high heat and refining processes, raw foods lose nutrients. Food production industries also add artificial colors and flavors to make foods more appetizing. Although government regulatory bodies test all additives, many health advocacy groups question the safety of their use in large quantities.

(Selected and adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_manufacturing)

UNIT 20. JOB HOPPING – “THE PROs AND CONs”

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES

1.Vocabulary study. Check if you read these words correctly: enumerate, furthermore, colleague

2.Explain the meaning of the nouns: attitude, asset, relationship

3.Translate the following verbs into Russian: to maintain, to job

hopper

4.Explain the meaning of the adjectives: flexible, resourceful

5.Explain the phrases from the text: the Pros and Cons, job hopping,

benefits and drawbacks, generic knowledge, to feel confident (about), to take risks

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Text reading and comprehension. Read and translate the following text-discussion orally.

TEXT-DISCUSSION: “THE PROs AND CONs” OF JOB

HOPPING

–Today’s theme of our discussion is Job Hopping. It’s a new trend in our modern life. The attitude of people towards this phenomenon is different and sometimes very negative. But to my mind, it has positive features. Let’s get acquainted with different positions of different persons.

–I have read an interesting article “The Pros and Cons of Job Hopping”. The article provides a fresh view on the benefits and drawbacks of changing jobs every few years.

Job hopping or “moving from one company to the next every one to two years, doing this repeatedly seems to be a good working definition. Job hopping is a relatively new trend connected with changing jobs very often.

Let me enumerate the most important benefits of job hopping. You can get much experience and a fresh look at the things. You can grow a powerful network with which you’ll understand the inner workings of various companies and company cultures. Each one will have its own best practices and rules of conduct.

You can carry this knowledge and experiences with you. You can apply to them in your future work.

The more companies you work in, the larger your network will become. Having a large and resourceful network is a big asset for employees and employers alike. If you work with various employers, you’ll have plenty of opportunities to figure out which type of job and company culture suit you best.

–Sorry, but you haven’t said about drawbacks of job hopping. Imagine you are an employer. Would you invest in the education and career development of someone who changes jobs every few years? Probably not! If you change jobs often, you may be considered a risky person.

There is a saying “Last in, first out”. Imagine you are an employer again. Who would you lay off first when things get rough: loyal employees with company specific knowledge, or newcomers with more generic knowledge? When things get rough, loyal employees will be at the advantage.

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–So, the question remains: ”Should you hop?”. The answer depends on a number of things, among which is the industry you are in. Some industries are more open to job hoppers than others. If you feel confident about your skills and knowledge and if you are willing to take risks, you may consider changing jobs more often. However, if you want job security and more peace of mind, pursuing a rich and varied career with one employer may be more rewarding. Furthermore, most people love and/or need appreciation of the employer and colleagues. People need joy and satisfaction from work.

–Let me have my say. Considering the state of the employment market in recent years, you should carefully consider the following question as you weigh the “pros and cons” of changing work too often:

Am I taking a good job or just running away from a bad one? Some are heading for exits without much reflection. Big mistake. Take a long, hard look at your motives before you go away from your workplace. And ask yourself a question, “Do I know what I'm getting myself into?” Try to understand what it’s like to work for the new company or your future boss. And the last question to be asked: “Will I be paid what I’m really worth?”

–Thank you for sharing your opinions. To finish our discussion I would like to cite the words from the article I've read: ”If you do it for the right reasons and maintain healthy relationships with past employers, the “pros” should outweigh the “cons” and you’ll be seen as a flexible, resourceful candidate”.

ASSIGNMENTS

1. Speaking activity. Give a short answer to the question:

What work experience can you get working with different employers?

2. Find the equivalents to the English words in the section A from the Russian words in the section B.

Section A: management, a managing director, staff, factory (BE), plant (US), to be in charge of, to be at the head of, to show profits, profitability, a loss

Section B: персонал, фабрика, завод, давать прибыль, убыток, рентабельность, управляющий, руководить чем-л., администрация,

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3. Comment on the following most common reasons that people change jobs:

1.Higher pay

2.Escaping an incompetent or negative boss

3.Reorganization at the company

4.Skills and abilities didn't fit the job

5.Company moved to a new location

6.Choosing a less stressful job

7.Career advancement changing career focus

8.More interesting work

4. Insert the words from the list given below.

Dear Sir,

My father, Mr Alexei Somov, has informed me that he has written to you and asked you whether it would be possible for me to work in your firm in order ________ some commercial experience. I am writing to you, therefore, to give some _________about myself.

I am 21 years of age and after leaving school, I worked in my father’s business for a short time. My business, ___________, however, is very limited. As my father has told you, I came to England about two years ago from Russia. I studied English with an ____________ teacher and he says I now have quite a good knowledge of the language.

If you could find me any position in your office, no matter how small the job was, I should be very much obliged, and you may be ___________

that I wouldn’t let you down. Yours faithfully Nicolai Somov.

Words to be used: excellent, to gain, details, assured, experience

5. Construct sentences with the following word combinations:

job market research – исследование рынка рабочих мест; job-openings –

вакансии; up-and-coming companies – открывающиеся компании; expanding companies – расширяющиеся компании; information interview – интервью с работодателем

6. Grammar point. Construct grammatically correct sentences with Punctuation marks (Знаки препинания): (comma (,), сolon (:), semicolon

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(;), dash (–), quotation marks (“ ”), question mark (?). Translate the sentences into Russian.

Example:

You may think she is a “job hopper” ______ she isn’t. = You may think she is a job hopper – she isn’t. = Вы можете подумать, что она

«летун», то есть часто меняет работу – но это не так.

1. The more firms you work in __ the larger your experience will

be___

2.Nowadays___ however_____ making money for some persons is more important.

3.Children need a variety of products ____fresh, canned, frozen or dried vegetables.

4.Appointments are necessary almost in all types of agency ____the employer wants to have a detailed talk with the candidate.

5.He asked ___ Why are you hopping all the time_____ .

7.Test-sentences. Choose the correct words to fill in the blank:

-Don't forget about the most important _____ of job hopping.

-You can get much ______ and a fresh look at the things.

-You can grow a powerful _________with which you’ll understand the inner workings of various companies and company cultures.

8. Food Science Basics. Translate the following text in a written form using a dictionary. Make a list of words and word combinations referring to Food sphere.

Some aspects of food production and sale

It is difficult to cover all aspects of food production and sale. The Food Standards Agency, a government body in India, describes it thus: "...the whole food industry – from farming and food production, packaging and distribution, to retail and catering."

Agriculture plays a great role in the process of producing food and other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals. The practice of agriculture is also known as "farming".

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Agronomy is the science and technology of producing and using plants for food, fuel, fibre, and land reclamation. Agronomists today are involved with producing food, creating healthier food, managing environmental impact of agriculture, and extracting energy from plants.

Food processing includes the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for human consumption. Food processing takes clean, harvested or slaughtered and butchered components and uses them to produce marketable food products.

Food buying. With worldwide urbanization, the supermarket became the main retail element of the food industry. There, tens of thousands of products are gathered in one location, in continuous, year-round supply.

Food preparation is another area where the change in recent decades has been dramatic. The grocery industry sells fresh and largely raw products for consumers to use as ingredients in home cooking. The food service industry by contrast offers prepared food, either as finished products, or as partially prepared components for final "assembly". Restaurants, cafes, bakeries and mobile food trucks provide opportunities for consumers to purchase food.

Food industry technologies. Modern food production is defined by sophisticated technologies. Agricultural machinery, originally led by the tractor, has practically eliminated human labour in many areas of production. Biotechnology is driving much change, in areas as diverse as agrochemicals, plant breeding and food processing. Computer technology is also a central force in food production industry.

(Selected and adapted from

https: // en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_manufacturing)

UNIT 21. ENGLISH FOR SUCCESSFUL CAREER

PRE-TEXT EXERCISES

1.Vocabulary study. Check if you read these words correctly: global, medium, throughout, ingredients

2.Explain the meaning of the nouns: majority, periodical, location

3.Translate the following verbs into Russian: to list, to adopt, to

replace, to print, to dine out

4.Explain the meaning of the adjectives: vital, essential

5.Explain the phrases from the text: widespread use, communication medium, to lose one’s way

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