Legal English for Graduate Students. Areas of Public law. Английский язык для магистрантов. Публичное право. Учебное пособие к курсу «Иностранный язык
.pdf
# * ( * #$"$
!& ' !"
&5,+/0, 2030+.,
ОРЕНБУРГ – 2016
REH
AAH @bX` s
N
OZ_caZbYcWUbc eZYU_k]cbbc ]\YUgZ`pf_]a fcWZgca
MeZbVheXf_cXc ]bfg]ghgU i]`]U`U
Jcf_cWf_cXc XcfhYUefgWZbbcXc re]Y]lZf_cXc hb]WZef]gZgU
]aZb] M F HhgUi]bU JDT@
!#$#" *,&0 2,0.6- +35 5&)8&7* !78)*276 5*&6 3+ 8' N 0.( 0&: @bX`]^f_]^ s\o_ Y`s aUX]fgeUbgcW NhV`]lbcZ deU Wc RlZVbcZ dcfcV]Z _ _hefh >GbcfgeUbbo^ s\o_ W deUWc WZYZb]]? v MeZbVheX MeZbVheXf_]^ ]bfg]ghg i]`]U` Rb]
WZef]gZgU ]aZb] M F HhgUi]bU JDT@ v f
KUfgcsnZZ hlZVbcZ dcfcV]Z deZYbU\bUlUZgfs Y`s fghYZbgcW re]Y] lZf_]j fdZk]U`pbcfgZ^ hecWZbp dcYXcgcW_] aUX]fgeUgheU NcfcV]Z fc fgc]g ]\ . lZgoetj gZaUg]lZf_]j V`c_cW dhV`]lbc deUWcWc^ bUdeUW `Zbbcfg] .. de]`c[Zb]^ f g]dcWoa] UbX`]^f_]a] ieU\Ua] ]fdc`p \hZaoa] W hfgboj Wofghd`Zb]sj ] Y`s WZYZb]s Y]f_hff]] bU deciZf f]cbU`pboZ gZao ... de]`c[Zb]s f aZgcY]lZf_]a] h_U\Ub]sa] dc ]f dc`p\cWUb]r Ycdc`b]gZ`pboj ]fgclb]_cW deUWcWc^ ]biceaUk]] bU UbX`]^f_ca s\o_Z .9 de]`c[Zb]s f eZ_caZbYUk]sa] dc fcfgUW`Zb]r UbbcgUk]] bU UbX`]^f_ca s\o_Z _ fcVfgWZbbc^ bUhlbc^ fgUgpZ dcYXc gcW`Zbbc^ aUX]fgeUbgca Y`s cdhV`]_cWUb]s
= NcdcW F A
" "!
2753)8(7.32 |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|||
&: *,&0 !<67*16 3+ 7-*$350) |
|
||||
!385(*6 3+ &: .2 866.& |
|
||||
!385(*6 3+ 2,0.6-&: |
|
||||
!385(*6 3+ #! &: |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||
3267.787.32&0 )1.2.675&7.9* &2) 82.(.4&0 &: ;40&2& |
|
||||
7.32 3+ "*516 |
|
||||
85436* 3+ & 3267.787.32 |
|
||||
82(7.326 &2) 3:*56 3+ )1.2.675&7.9* ,*2(.*6 |
|
||||
3(&0 39*521*27 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||
5.1.2&0 .&'.0.7< |
|
||||
"<4*6 3+ 5.1*6 |
|
||||
5.1.2&0 *2&07.*6 &2) 366.'0* *&6326 3+ 82.6-1*27 |
|
||||
5.1.2&0 !*27*2(.2, |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||
29.5321*27 537*(7.32 ;40&2&7.32 3+ "*516 |
|
||||
*2*5&0 5.2(.40*6 3+ 27*52&7.32&0 &: &6 440.*) 73 29. |
|
||||
5321*27&0 668*6 |
|
||||
29.5321*27&0 &: 30.(.*6 &2) *,&0 53(*66*6 |
|
||||
*1*).*6 .2 29.5321*27&0 53(**).2,6 |
|
||||
Ne]`c[Zb]Z JZgcY]lZf_]Z h_U\Ub]s dc eUVcgZ f UhgZbg]l |
|
||||
bc^ bUhlbc^ hlZVbc^ `]gZeUghec^ dc deUWh bU UbX`]^ |
|
||||
f_ca s\o_Z |
|
|
|||
Ne]`c[Zb]Z |
OUVcgU f UbbcgUk]sa] bUhlboj fgUgZ^ bU |
|
|||
UbX`]^f_ca s\o_Z cVnUs ]biceaUk]s ] eZ_caZbYhZaoZ |
|
||||
]fgclb]_] |
|
|
|
||
Ne]`c[Zb]Z Q]dcWoZ ieU\o dc\Wc`srn]Z WoeU\]gp fWct |
|
||||
fcX`Uf]Z ]`] bZfcX`Uf]Z f deZYfgUW`Zbbc^ ]biceaUk]Z^ |
|
||||
Ne]`c[Zb]Z Q]dcWoZ WoeU[Zb]s ]fdc`p\hZaoZ W hfgboj |
|
||||
Wofghd`Zb]sj dc gZaZ |
|
|
|||
Ne]`c[Zb]Z Ne]aZeo WcdecfcW Y`s fcVZfZYcWUb]s W jcYZ |
|
||||
]gcXcWcXc_cbgec`s |
|
|
|||
Ne]`c[Zb]Z Q]dcWoZ ieU\o Y`s fcVZfZYcWUb]s W jcYZ ]gc |
|
||||
XcWcXc_cbgec`s dc UbX`]^f_cah s\o_h |
|
|
|||
Ne]`c[Zb]Z NZeZWcY acbcXeUi]] dc fdZk]U`pbcfg] |
|
|
|||
RlZVbcZ dcfcV]Z deZYbU\bUlUZgfs Y`s fghYZbgcW re]Y]lZf_]j fdZk]U`pbcfgZ^ hecWZbp dcYXcgcW_] aUX]fgeUgheU PcYZe[Ub]Z
3
hlZVbcXc dcfcV]s ce]Zbg]ecWUbc bU fc\YUb]Z V`UXcde]sgboj hf `cW]^ Y`s ]\hlZb]s UbX`]^f_cXc s\o_U fghYZbgUa] re]fgUa] W eUa_Uj Y]fk]d`]bo >GbcfgeUbbo^ s\o_ W deUWcWZYZb]]? EUbbUs Y]fk]d`]bU cjWUgoWUrnUs YWZ \UlZgboZ ZY]b]ko U_UYZa] lZf_]j lUfU deZYdc`UXUZg cfWcZb]Z j gZaUg]lZf_]j V`c_cW de] qgca bU UhY]gcebhr eUVcgh cgWcY]gfs lUfcW U lUfcW v bU fUacfgcsgZ`pbhr eUVcgh fghYZbgcW
NcfcV]Z fcfgc]g ]\ . lZgoetj gZaUg]lZf_]j V`c_cW .. de] `c[Zb]^ f g]dcWoa] UbX`]^f_]a] ieU\Ua] ]fdc`p\hZaoa] W hfgboj Wofghd`Zb]sj ] Y`s WZYZb]s Y]f_hff]] bU deciZff]cbU`p boZ gZao ... de]`c[Zb]s f aZgcY]lZf_]a] h_U\Ub]sa] dc ]f dc`p\cWUb]r Ycdc`b]gZ`pboj ]fgclb]_cW deUWcWc^ ]biceaUk]] bU UbX`]^f_ca s\o_Z .9 de]`c[Zb]s f eZ_caZbYUk]sa] dc fc fgUW`Zb]r UbbcgUk]] bU UbX`]^f_ca s\o_Z _ fcVfgWZbbc^ bUhl bc^ fgUgpZ dcYXcgcW`Zbbc^ aUX]fgeUbgca Y`s cdhV`]_cWUb]s
NZeWo^ gZaUg]lZf_]^ V`c_ >NeUWc ] ZXc ]fgclb]_]? fcYZe[]g gZ_fgo ] \UYUb]s dcfWsnZbboZ VU\cWoa WcdecfUa re]fdehYZb k]] ] deZYbU\bUlZb Y`s cVs\UgZ`pbc^ deceUVcg_] Ncf`ZYhrn]Z gZaUg]lZf_]Z V`c_] cgeU[Urg dhV`]lbc deUWcWhr fdZk]U`]\Uk]r dcYXcgcW_] >@Ya]b]fgeUg]WbcZ deUWc? >RXc`cWbcZ deUWc? ] >S_c `cX]lZf_cZ deUWc? Bgcec^ gZaUg]lZf_]^ V`c_ dcY`Z[Un]^ ]\h lZb]r W eUa_Uj hlZVbc^ Y]fk]d`]bo cdeZYZ`sZgfs W \UW]f]acfg] cg deci]`s ]\VeUbbc^ W hlZVbc^ XehddZ aUX]fgZef_c^ decXeUaao
QZaUg]lZf_]Z V`c_] fcfgcsg ]\ j VU\cWoj gZ_fgcW eU\eUVc gUbboj bU cfbcWZ ]bgZXeUk]] UhgZbg]lbcXc s\o_cWcXc aUgZe]U`U dc deUWh ] W_`rlUrg f`ZYhrn]Z cfbcWboZ W]Yo \UYUb]^
v \UYUb]Z bU lgZb]Z dZeZWcY ] dcYecVbcZ ]\hlZ b]Z cfbcWbcXc gZ_fgU fcYZe[Ub]Z _cgcecXc sW`sZgfs fhnZfgWZb boa Y`s _cbgZ_fgbcXc ]\hlZb]s UbX`]^f_cXc re]Y]lZf_cXc s\o_U Ncf`Z gZ_fgU YUrgfs ffo`_] bU cfbcWboZ ]fgclb]_] gc^ ]bice aUk]] _cgceUs ]fdc`p\hZgfs W YUbbca gZ_fgZ 1&/35 )&7& 6385(*6 U gU_[Z W dcacnp aUX]fgeUbgUa YUtgfs dZeZWcY gZj f`cW _cgceoZ WoYZ`Zbo _hef]Wca W fUaca gZ_fgZ
v \UYUb]Z bU hfWcZb]Z ] \U_eZd`Zb]Z ]\hlUZacXc aUgZe]U`U W jcYZ ]a]gUk]] deciZff]cbU`pbcXc cVnZb]s Sgcg W]Y eUVcgo deZYdc`UXUZg lZgoeZ W\U]acfWs\Ubboj W]YU fUac fgcsgZ`pbc^ dcYXcgcW_] fghYZbgU _ UhY]gcebcah \Ubsg]r
Wc dZeWoj bh[bc decl]gUgp ] dZeZWZfg] VU\cWo^ gZ_fg
Wc Wgceoj bh[bc fcfgUW]gp fd]fc_ ]\ _`rlZWoj f`cW ]\ decl]gUbbcXc gZ_fgU
W geZgp]j bh[bc dcYXcgcW]gp hgWZe[YZb]^ WoeU[Ur n]j cfbcWbcZ fcYZe[Ub]Z YUbbcXc gZ_fgU ] Vogp XcgcWoa c\Wh l]gp qg] hgWZe[YZb]s W jcYZ UhY]gcebcXc \Ubsg]s
4
W lZgWZegoj bh[bc fcfgUW]gp bU UbX`]^f_ca s\o_Z wfdZ k]U`pboj WcdecfcWx !4*(.&0 8*67.326 ]`] $ 8*67.326 _ gZ_fgh ] Vogp XcgcWoa W jcYZ \Ubsg]s \UYUgp YehX]a fghYZbgUa fWc] Wc decfo dc fcYZe[Ub]r ]\hlZbbcXc gZ_fgU
v qgcg dcf`ZgZ_fgcWo^ V`c_ fcYZe[]g dZeZWcY gZj f`cW _cgceoZ WoYZ`Zbo _hef]Wca W fUaca gZ_fgZ de] qgca f`cWU W V`c_Z % ! YUbo ]aZbbc W gca dcesY_Z _U_ cb] WfgeZlUrgfs W gZ_fgZ % ! fcYZe[]g gc \bUlZb]Z dZeZWcY]aoj f`cW _cgcecZ bU]Vc`ZZ fccgWZgfgWhZg _cbgZ_fgh hdcgeZV`Zb]s W _cb_eZgbca f`h lUZ ] dcacXUZg UYZ_WUgbc^ ]bgZedeZgUk]] ] cfc\bUbbcah hfWcZ b]r fghYZbgca deZYfgUW`ZbbcXc W gZ_fgZ aUgZe]U`U
v dc]f_ cgWZgcW bU Wcdecfo _ eUbZZ decl]gUbbc ah VU\cWcah gZ_fgh qgc \UYUb]Z deZYdc`UXUZg Wcfdec]\WZYZb]Z ] deZcVeU\cWUb]Z fcYZe[UnZ^fs W gZ_fgZ ]biceaUk]]
v \UYUb]Z bU WosW`Zb]Z fccgWZgfgW]s bZfccgWZgfgW]s cgYZ`pboj hgWZe[YZb]^ fcYZe[Ub]r ]\hlZbbcXc aUgZe]U`U PghYZbgUa bZcVjcY]ac WoeU\]gp fcX`Uf]Z ]`] bZfcX`U f]Z f ]aZrn]a]fs hgWZe[YZb]sa] ]fdc`p\hs ieU\o Y`s WZYZb]s Y]f_hff]] fa Ne]`c[Zb]Z Ff`] hgWZe[YZb]Z fcYZe[]g fao f`cWhr cm]V_h gc fghYZbgh bZcVjcY]ac WbZfg] fccgWZgfgWhrn]Z ]\aZbZb]s ] deZY`c[]gp WZebo^ WUe]Ubg hgWZe[YZb]s
v fghYZbgUa deZY`UXUZgfs Wcfdc`p\cWUWm]fp h_U\Ubboa] ffo`_Ua] Wodc`b]gp \UYUb]Z fWs\UbbcZ f fUacfgcs gZ`pboa ]\hlZb]Za gZ_fgcWcXc aUgZe]U`U ]\ UbX`cs\olboj ]fgcl b]_cW GbgZebZg bUjcYsn]jfs W fWcVcYbca YcfghdZ
v fghYZbgUa bZcVjcY]ac hdcgeZV]gp _`rlZWoZ f`cWU ]\ deZYfgUW`ZbbcXc fd]f_U W a] fUacfgcsgZ`pbc fcfgUW `Zbboj deZY`c[Zb]sj ]fdc`p\hs aUgZe]U` gZaUg]lZf_cXc V`c_U ] ]biceaUk]r ]\ Ycdc`b]gZ`pboj UbX`cs\olboj ]fgclb]_cW dc deUWh B jcYZ UhY]gcebcXc \Ubsg]s YUbbcZ \UYUb]Z eZ_caZbYhZgfs fclZgUgp f hfgboa dZeZWcYca bU ehff_]^ s\o_ gZj deZY`c[Zb]^ _cgceoZ Vo`] \UeUbZZ fcfgUW`Zbo _U[Yoa ]\ fghYZbgcW hlZVbc^ Xehddo
v \UYUb]Z deZYdc`UXUZg hfgbcZ Wofghd`Zb]Z f cVcVnUrn]a Yc_`UYca dc dec^YZbbc^ gZaZ f cdcec^ bU eZ_caZb YhZaoZ dhb_go d`UbU W acbc`cX]lZf_ca Wof_U\oWUb]] eZ_caZb YhZgfs ]fdc`p\cWUgp g]dcWoZ ieU\o ]\ Ne]`c[Zb]s
Pgeh_gheU hlZVbcXc dcfcV]s ce]Zbg]ecWUbU bU cdg]aU`pbcZ fclZgUb]Z UhY]gcebc^ eUVcgo ] WbZUhY]gcebc^ dcYXcgcW_] E`s fcfgUW`Zb]s dcfcV]s ]fdc`p\cWU`fs aUgZe]U` ]\ UhgZbg]lboj UbX `cs\olboj ]fgclb]_cW _cgceo^ bUdeUW`Zb bU icea]ecWUb]Z h aUX]fgeUbgcW deciZff]cbU`pboj haZb]^ _U_ eZkZdg]Wbc^ gU_ ] decYh_g]Wbc^ eZlZWc^ YZsgZ`pbcfg] lgZb]s XcWceZb]s d]fpaU
5
/,3 %6 %/' 32 041&(2 O 5H9;F @ ><F @IJFLE@B@
&; *,&1 !=78* 7 4+ 8-* %461)
&; >H 6 7D9N D; D;;>8>6A GJA:H 6C9 G:<JA6I>DCH <:C:G6AAN ;DJC9 >C 8DCHI>IJI>DCH IG:6I>:H 68IH D; E6GA>6B:CI 14&+0#0%'5 ':'%76+8' 14 &'45 '0(14%'& %7561/5 %1746 &'%+5+105 I=6I 6G: JH:9 ID <DK:GC 6 HD 8>:IN 6C9 ID 8DCIGDA I=: $'*#8+174 D; >IH B:B7:GH
:>C< 6 8DBEA:M 7D9N D; GJA:H A6L H:GK:H 6 K6G>:IN D; ;JC8 I>DCH DG >CHI6C8: >I 86C H:GK: ID @::E I=: E:68: EGDBDI: 51%+#. ,75 6+%' B6>CI6>C I=: 56#675 371 EG:H:GK: >C9>K>9J6A G><=IH EGDI:8I B> CDG>IN <GDJEH 6C9 EGDK>9: ;DG DG9:GAN HD8>6A 8=6C<:
-D $' %#2#$.' 1( 2'4(14/+0) 6*' (70%6+10 D; <J>9>C< 7:=6K>DG 6 HNHI:B D; GJA:H BJHI H6I>H;N I=: ;DAADL>C< EG>C8>EA:H
GJA:H BJHI 7: :MEG:HH:9 >C <:C:G6A 6C9 JC9:GHI6C967A: I:GBH
GJA:H BJHI 7: 24152'%6+8' >C :;;:8I
GJA:H BJHI 7: 27$.+%.; 241/7.)#6'&
GJA:H BJHI 7: %105+56'06 L>I= DC: 6CDI=:G
GJA:H BJHI CDI 7: 8=6C<:9 IDD ;G:FJ:CIAN HD I=6I I=: HJ7?:8I 86C G:AN DC I=:B 6C9
GJA:H BJHI 7: #&/+0+56'4'& >C 6 B6CC:G 8DCH>HI:CI L>I= I=:>G
914&+0)
!*(91&6 6C9 6*1.,.497 1&; :E:C9>C< DC I=: B6>C 5174%'5 1(
.#9 >C 6 E6GI>8JA6G ,74+5&+%6+10 6C9 I=: 24'&1/+0#06 B:I=D9H D; >CI:G EG:I>C< 6C9 :C;DG8>C< I=: A6LH L: B6N HE:6@ 67DJI 9>;;:G:CI C6I>DC6A A:<6A HNHI:BH >GHI D; 6AA I=: C6I>DC6A A:<6A HNHI:BH 6G: <:C:G6AAN /1&'.'& JEDC :A:B:CIH D; :>I=:G G:A><>DJH DG 5'%7.#4 HNHI:BH D; A6L L=>8= =DA9 FJ>I: 9>;;:G:CI K>:LH 6H ID HDJG8:H D; A6L 5%12' H6C8 I>DCH 6C9 ;JC8I>DC
-=: HDJG8: D; G:A><>DJH A6L >H I=: &'+6; A:<>HA6I>C< I=GDJ<= I=: 2412*'65 DG :M6BEA: "G6C '><:G>6 6C9 ,6J9> G67>6 =6K: A:<6A HNH I:BH 76H:9 DC "HA6B>8 A6L DG 5*#4+# ,:8JA6G A6L >H B69: 7N =JB6C 7:>C<H 6C9 DC: D; >IH BDHI ;6BDJH :M6BEA:H I=: ., DCHI>IJI>DC 7:<>CH L>I= I=: LDG9H 0: I=: E:DEA: "I ;DAADLH ;GDB I=>H 9>;;:G :C8: >C I=:>G HDJG8: I=6I G:A><>DJH A6LH 6G: E:G8:>K:9 ID 7: '6'40#. 6C9 +//76#$.' L=>A: H:8JA6G GJA:H 86C 7: 8=6C<:9 7N I=:>G B6@:GH
+:A><>DJH A6L I:AAH E:DEA: L=6I ID 7:A>:K: 6H L:AA 6H =DL ID 7: =6K: L=:G:6H H:8JA6G A6L 9:6AH L>I= DJG ':6'40#. #%6+105 6H I=:N 6;
6
;:8I DI=:GH "C 6 G:A><>DJH A:<6A HNHI:B 9>HEJI:H 6G: JHJ6AAN #&,7&+ %#6'& 7N 6C D;;>8:G D; I=6I G:A><>DC HD I=: H6B: E:GHDC >H 7DI= ,7&)' 6C9 24+'56 "C 6 H:8JA6G HNHI:B 7N 8DCIG6HI I=: D;;>8: D; ?J9<: >H H:E 6G6I: 6C9 >H <J6G6CI::9 7N I=: EG>C8>EA: D; ,7&+%+#. +0&'2'0&'0%'
;JGI=:G 9>;;:G:C8: A>:H >C I=: '0(14%'/'06 D; I=: A6LH >C 6 H: 8JA6G HNHI:B H6C8I>DCH 6G: +/215'& >C I=>H LDGA9 -=: H6C8I>DCH 6C9 4'9#4&5 D; 6 G:A><>DJH HNHI:B B6N 6AHD D88JG >C I=>H LDGA9 7JI 6G: D; I:C ID 7: ;:AI BDHI -''0.; >C I=: C:MI DG HE>G>I LDGA9
-=: H:8JA6G A:<6A HNHI:BH B6N 7: ;JGI=:G HJ79>K>9:9 >CID ;DJG B6>C INE:H %+8+. .#9 >C8AJ9>C< 0:HI:GC JGDE:6C 6C9 %6I>C B:G> 86C A:<6A HNHI:BH %1//10 .#9 DG C<AD ,6MDC HNHI:B : < A:<6A HNH I:B D; C<A6C9 6C9 06A:H DG .C>I:9 ,I6I:H A6L %7561/#4; .#9 : <
#$14+)+0#. .#9 >C 6C696 &DC<DA>6 $NG<NOHI6C ;<=6C>HI6C 6C9 BDHI ;G>86C 8DJCIG>:H 6C9 B>M:9 DG EAJG6A>HI>8 A6L : < A76C>6NEGJH !DC< $DC< ,DJI= $DG:6 C 699>I>DC6A INE: D; A:<6A HNHI:B>CI:GC6I>DC6A A6L <DK:GCH I=: %10&7%6 D; >C9:E:C9:CI C6I>DCH >C I=:>G G:A6I>DCH=>EH L>I= DC: 6CDI=:G
.++*6*3(*7 '*8;**3 .:.1 1&; &3) 4 43 1&; (49386.*7 -=: 8>K>A A6L HNHI:B #-# +DB6C A6L DCI>C:CI6A A6L DG '6EDA:DC>8 A6L HNHI:B >H I=: A:<6A HNHI:B L=:G: A6LH 6G: A:<>HA6I:9 6C9 8D9>;>:9 7N E6GA>6B:CI DG HDB: DI=:G ;DGB D; 4'24'5'06#6+8' )18'40/'06 -=: ;JC96B:CI6A EG>C8>EA: D; 8>K>A A6L HNHI:BH >H I=6I I=: A6LH 6EEA>:9 ID 8>I>O:CH 6G: B69: 7N 8>I>O:CH I=GDJ<= I=:>G EDA>I>86A G:EG:H:CI6I>K:H #J9<:H 6G: I=:G: ID 69B>C>HI:G A6LH CDI B6@: I=:B >K>A A6L HNH I:BH 6G: B6>CAN +037+5+614+#. G6I=:G I=6C #&8'45#4+#. -=6I B:6CH 8DJGIH 6G: I=:G: ID 64#%- &190 I=: IGJI= CDI ID 7: 6 ;DGJB L=:G: ILD H>9:H 76IIA: ID 9:BDCHIG6I: ID 6C +/2#46+#. ?J9<: DG ,74; L=D >H G><=I 6C9 L=D >H LGDC< #J9<:H >C 8>K>A 8D9: IG>6AH 6G: JHJ6AAN BDG: 68I>K: >C FJ:HI>DC>C< L>IC:HH:H %*#..'0)+0) :K>9:C8: 6C9 :K:C >C HDB: 86H:H 9>G:8I>C< +08'56+)#6+105
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
7
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
#22'#. I=: 6+/' .+/+65 >CKDAK:9 I=: @>C9H D; '8+&'0%' I=6I B6N 7: EG:H:CI:9 6C9 I=: H8DE: D; 6K6>A67A: G:B:9>:H
9'1.( 6C9 56.:&8* 1&; )J7A>8 A6L >H I=6I 6G:6 D; A6L I=6I 9:6AH L>I= I=: HI6I: 6C9 I=: G:A6I>DCH D; I=: HI6I: L>I= I=: EJ7A>8 "I >C8AJ9:H HJ8= 7G6C8=:H 6H 8DCHI>IJI>DC6A 69B>C>HIG6I>K: 6C9 8G>B> C6A A6L )G>K6I: A6L >CKDAK:H I=: K6G>DJH G:A6I>DCH=>EH I=6I E:DEA: =6K: L>I= DC: 6CDI=:G 6C9 I=: GJA:H I=6I 9:I:GB>C: I=:>G A:<6A G><=IH 6C9 9JI>:H 6BDC< I=:BH:AK:H )G>K6I: A6L >H HDB:I>B:H G:;:GG:9 ID 6H8>K>A A6L >C >IH <:C:G6A B:6C>C<
38*63&8.43&1 6C9 3&8.43&1 1&; '6I>DC6A A6L >H 6 H:I D; LG>I I:C 6C9 JCLG>II:C GJA:H 7N L=>8= 6 E6GI>8JA6G 8DJCIGN >H <DK:GC:9 6C9 I=: 68I>K>I>:H D; E:DEA: 6C9 DG<6C>O6I>DCH 6G: 8DCIGDAA:9 L>I=>C 6 <>K:C HI6I: "CI:GC6I>DC6A A6L 9:6AH L>I= <:C:G6A EG>C8>EA:H CDGBH 6C9 HI6C96G9H I=6I 6EEAN 7:IL::C HDK:G:><C HI6I:H 6C9 DI=:G '06+6+'5 A:<6AAN G:8D<C>O:9 6H >CI:GC6I>DC6A 68IDGH "CI:GC6I>DC6A A6L >H I=: A6L D; I=: L=DA: >CI:GC6I>DC6A 8DBBJC>IN
/#,14 # 5174%'5 =IIEH LLL A6L 8DGC:AA :9J L:M A:<6A5HNHI:BH =IIE LLL H6NADG DG< 7DD@H =IIE HIJ9N 8DB
# *'% ,! , 0,
DG9>C6C8: ~t{ t zy |y xy~ y |~t{ yx | t |yt v y |y
:M:8JI>K: DG9:G tv| y vy y t v y |y :C;DG8:9 8JHIDB u t} uy y y } tv v } t ~ |y} 8DJGI 9:8>H>DC t v y |y xt y y |y xt 7:=6K>DJG u t{ xy} v|} vyxy |y
HD8>6A ?JHI>8: |t t tvyx |v 7: 86E67A: D; E:G;DGB>C< I=: ;JC8I>DC u v || v
~ ||
EGDHE:8I>K: |} ~ u x y
EJ7A>8AN EGDBJA<6I:9 u |~ vt } v y t x u v y }
8
8DCH>HI:CI w t |}
69B>C>HI:G | y tvt | LDG9>C< | v~t vy y v tzy |y HDJG8: D; A6L | |~ tvt
?JG>H9>8I>DC xvyx vy t u t y | | v xvyxvy | wt t v t |
EG:9DB>C6CI y u txt |} y| y vy } x | ||}
BD9:A | vt {xtvt u t{ H:8JA6G vy ~|}
H8DE: u t | y y | 9:>IN 3 9> əIT4 u zy vy t | xt EGDE=:I ~ vyx |~ H=6G>6 t |t
:I:GC6A uy ~ y } v y v y y | >BBJI67A: y|{ y } uy{ w v } :MI:GC6A 68I>DC v y yy xy} v|y
69?J9>86I: v y | xyu y y y |y | | |w v ?J9<: x
EG>:HI v y |~
?J9>8>6A >C9:E:C9:C8: xyu t y{tv| | :C;DG8:B:CI uy y y |y v y |
>BEDH: t twt t tv |vt t{ t t G:L6G9 y |y
@::CAN |
8>K>A A6L |v| y tv ~ | y t y tv {| |v ytv
8DBBDC A6L t w t~ ~ y tv u yy tv Y w || y~ x| | | vt y tv
8JHIDB6GN A6L u y tv v ~ tx| | z|v | u tyv tv| {t ~ | y |t {t~ yy { t y |y tv v
67DG><>C6A A6L {y y tv u t| ~ y z| y y} 8DC9J8I u t{ xy} v|} vyxy |y
6@6 6AHD @CDLC 6H |{vy } t~zy x | y y | t y t{ vty }
G:EG:H:CI6I>K: <DK:GCB:CI yx tv| y y tv y |y >CFJ>H>IDG>6A yx vy }
69K:GH6G>6A {t y } IG68@ 9DLC | yx vt ~t >BE6GI>6A uy | t }
?JGN | z y {t yxt y | x | z
9
8=6AA:C<: t |vt {t v v x >CK:HI><6I>DC yx v|y x { t |y
LG>II:C A6L | t y tv | t y tv t y tv JCLG>II:C y | t }
:KDAK: t{v|vt u t{ v vt EG:8:9:CI xyu } y yxy DK:GIJGC y
HI6G: 9:8>H>H 3 HIV G:T 9T HT HTH4 ZOa Q t y R u { vt t | t y yxy v v twt |} | | yyxy w tvt w t ~ yx x |y xyu yy y | v u {t y | x t t w| y x | xyu xy
EJ7A>8 A6L u | y tv EG>K6I: A6L t y tv
HJ7HI6CI>K: A6L t y |t y tv
69?:8I>K: A6L EGD8:9JG6A A6L y t y tv t ytv
A6G8:CN v v v ~ tzt GD77:GN ~ tzt w tuyz
7: :CI>IA:9 ID | y tv u y >C?JGN v yx v yzxy |y t u ~ y u
=6C9A: u t t tut vt u zxt t{u| t 8A6>B | ~ y y {|
9>HEJI:
IG>6A xyu y t{u| t y v xyu } y x 6EE:6A t y |
I>B: A>B>IH yxy } ~ yw t y :K>9:C8: |~t v|xy y ~ y ~t{t |y
DE:G6I>K: L>I=>C xy} v |} v | v yxy t 7>C9>C< u {t y } u { vt |} w t | |vt |} :CI>IN t y t tv vt yx| | t u y~ tvt
0=6I 9D:H I=: LDG9 A6L 6H 6 A:<6A I:GB B:6C!DL 9D:H I=: A6L >C;AJ:C8: I=: HD8>:IN0=6I 6G: I=: B6>C ;JC8I>DCH D; A6L
0=6I 6G: I=: B6>C 9>;;:G:C8:H 7:IL::C G:A><>DJH DG H:8JA6G HNH I:BH D; A6L
0=6I ;DJG B6>C INE:H 6G: I=: H:8JA6G A:<6A HNHI:BH HJ79>K>9:9 >CID
0=6I 6G: I=: B6>C ;:6IJG:H D; I=: 8>K>A A6L HNHI:B
10
