History and Social Science. Учебное пособие

3. Find in the text the Russian and the English equivalents to the following words and phrases.

Let’s discuss!

These are the cases for you to organize the discussions or conferences. Use any sources to find the information and think over the answers, then prepare small talks for each question and present them before your groupmates.

1)What teaching methods do you know? What are the advantages and disadvantages of these methods? Which method is the best from your point of view?

2)In what way will schools change in the future? What format of teaching will be used in the schools of future? How will the teaching-learning process be organized?

3)What pedagogical problems can a teacher face in his\her everyday work? In what way can be these problems solved?

4)What Russian teachers-innovators do you know? What ideas and methods did they use? How long did their schools exist? Are their methods still used in teaching process nowadays?

Text 2.

Janusz Korchak

His name was Henrik Goldszmit, but the world knows him under the pen name of Janusz Korchak. He was born into a Polish Jewish family in the late

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1870s and lived in Warsaw. Initially he became famous for writing books for children and childcare books for adults. Henrik Goldszmit got education as a pediatrician and worked in a new Jewish orphanage in Warsaw. There he together with his colleague Stefania Wilczyńska tried to apply his method of raising children. Every child in the children’s home had duties and rights. They also carried personal responsibilities for their actions. Janusz Korchak ran the home as a children’s republic with a court of peers which heard grievances and dispensed justice. It was quite innovative and extraordinary way of organizing the process of interaction with children.

The children of the home took an active part in production and releasing the Maly Przeglad, that is The Little Journal. Maly Przeglad was a regular supplement which was published in the Polish-language Jewish newspaper “Our newspaper”. The distinctive feature of The Little journal was that children themselves chose the topics to write about and determine the content of their journal.

Making radio broadcasts as “the Old Doctor” brought Korchak a new level of popularity among both children and adults. During these broadcasts he read stories, interviewed children, and presented lectures in a casual and informal style. Unfortunately, the rising of antisemitism in Poland in mid-1930s made it impossible for Korchak to continue his broadcasts and he lost this position.

Then, the World War II burst and in the beginning of 1940 the German authorities created the Warsaw ghetto. Living conditions in this ghetto were extremely hard. It was overcrowded and undersupplied, and this led to starvation and increase of diseases among the citizens. All these caused a lot of deaths of adults leaving many children orphaned.

While living in ghetto Korchak led a diary. All his records are devoted to a continuous struggle for providing food and medicine for the growing number of orphans. In his diary he also describes his constant work to preserve the children’s mental and emotional well-being. He himself and the small staff of the home organized lectures, concerts, and performances with children’s participation.

In July 1942 German administration starts to deport thousands of Jews from Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka killing center where they were put to death. Korchak’s Polish friends from outside the ghetto offered him their help to escape the deportation and hide somewhere in Warsaw, using the false identity documents. But Korchak refused, it was unbearable for him to betray and leave his children

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and the staff of the children’s home. In August 1942 about two hundred children accompanied by their teachers walked through the crowded streets of the ghetto to the deportation site. Up to the end Korchak and the other caretakers tried to keep children from panicking. Those who witnessed this march remembered then that the children and their teachers were calm and dignified. Later, the day they arrived at Treblinka, all the children and their caretakers were killed.

Janusz Korchak stayed in our memory as an author, a doctor, a fighter for children’s rights and great pedagogue. Even today he still inspires educators and children experts all over the world.

1.Read the text and answer the questions. 1) Who was Henrik Goldszmit?

2) When and where did Janusz Korchak live and work?

3) Why is Janusz Korchak called the fighter for children’s rights?

4) What newspaper did Korchak produce together with the children from the home?

5) What was unusual about this children’s newspaper?

6) What made Janusz Korchak more popular with people of all ages? 7) Why did Janusz Korchak have to give up broadcasting?

8) Where did he live in 1942?

9) What did he write about in his diaries?

10) Could Janusz Korchak escape the deportation to Treblinka? Why?

2.Find the Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases. Make your own sentences with these words.

1) сирота

2) опекун

3) детский дом

4) применить метод

5) достойный, с достоинством

6) отличительная черта

7) гетто

8) предать

9) сбежать, избежать

10) стать свидетелем

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Let’s discuss!

These are the cases for you to organize the discussions or conferences. Use any sources to find the information and think over the answers, then prepare small talks for each question and present them before your groupmates.

1)What was your favorite subject at school? Why? Who was your favorite teacher? Why? What subjects you didn’t like and what for? If you were a minister of education what will be your first decree?

2)What knowledge and skills should a perfect teacher possess? What features of character does an ideal teacher have? Can anybody become a good teacher?

3)Why do you think the most teachers are women? Who are better teachers – men or women? Why? Is there any difference between way of teaching by men and by women?

4)In what way do modern students differ from the students of the past? What is a portrait of a good student? What skills and abilities does a good student have? Are you a good student? Give your reasons and proofs.

5)What types of punishment and encouragement are used in schools? Do you think they are fair? What is the scariest way of punishment for you? What can motivate you to study well?

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GRAMMAR REVISION III

Used to/be used to

1.Let us see how many sentences you can complete with the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets.

1) The Simpsons ____ (not/have) any pets, but now they have a cat and two dogs. 2) Steven ____ (wear) jeans and hoodies when he was a student, but now he wears suits.

3) Helen ____ (be) happy when she was single, but now she is married and have some problems with her husband.

4) Kitty ____ (live) in Italy, but now she lives in France.

5) Maria is crazy about healthy lifestyle. She ___ (eat) meat, but now she eats vegetables and a little fish.

6) ____ (you/go) to the café at the corner every Saturday when you were a child? 7) Jane has changed her style. She ____ (have) long blonde hair, but now she has a short haircut and dyes her hair in dark colors.

8) George ____ (not/be) energetic at the beginning of the semester, but the close the session is he is getting more active.

9) ___ (you/get) good marks when you studied at school? 10) ___ (your son/eat) a lot of sweets in his childhood?

2.Rewrite each person’s comments using used to or didn’t use to.

Example:

Moira – I don’t drink tea with sugar anymore.

Moira used to drink tea with sugar.

Jane – I live in a flat now.

Jane didn’t use to live in a flat.

1)Sue – I know how to use a computer now.

2)Kate – I don’t watch TV every evening anymore.

3)Don – I’ve got a car now.

4)Deborah – I don’t work in the bank anymore.

5)Janet – I am good at playing computer games.

6)Adam – I haven’t got a beard now.

7)Lois – I grow my own vegetables now.

8)Jason – I like operas now.

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9)Valery – I don’t play football on weekends anymore.

10)Donna – I live in the countryside now.

3. Complete the sentences using used to or be used to.

1)I ____ (live) in Finland, but now I live in France.

2)He ____ (sit) in the back of the classroom, but now he prefers to sit in the front row.

3)When I was a child, I ____ (play) games with my friends in a big field near my house after school every day.

4)It’s hard for my children to stay inside on a cold, rainy day. They ____ (play) outside in the big field near our house. They play there almost every day.

5)People ____ (believe) that the world was flat.

6)Trains ____ (be) the main means of cross-continental travel. Today, most people take airplanes for long-distance travel.

7)Ms. Stanton’s job requires her to travel extensively throughout the world. She ___ (travel) by plane.

8)You and I are from different cultures. You ____ (have) fish for breakfast. I ____

(have) cheese and bread for breakfast.

9)What ____ (do) on summer days when you were a child?

10)Bill lives alone. He doesn’t mind this. Because he ____ (live) alone.

11)Tom ____ (drink) a lot of coffee. Now he prefers tea.

12)I have to work hard. This is not a problem for me. I have always worked hard. So, I ____ (work) hard.

13)Some friends of yours have just moved into a flat on a busy street. It is very noisy. They will ____ noise.

14)When we were children, we ____ (swim) every day.

15)I haven’t been to the cinema for ages now. We ____ (go) a lot.

16)Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. He ____ (smoke).

Gerund, Infinitive

1. Use the gerund to connect the following sentences.

Example:

a)Peter’s sometimes late. He can’t help it. Peter can’t help being late.

b)Gordon has to get up early. He dislikes it. Gordon dislikes getting up early.

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1)Paul asked Mary to come home. He remembers it.

2)Jim wanted to see the race. He didn’t want to miss it.

3)Mary wanted to have dinner at a restaurant. She suggested it.

4)Jill occasionally speaks Spanish. She can’t avoid it.

5)I wouldn’t like to work in an office. I don’t fancy it.

6)Richard took the books home with him. He admitted it.

7)You may have an accident if you drive that car. You risk it.

8)John saw the girl. He denies it.

9)Jim didn’t take his holiday until June. He delayed it.

10)I had dinner with a film star. I’ll never forget it.

11)Jim was speaking French when Bob came in. He stopped.

12)I spent all my money. I regret it because I’ve got none left now.

2.Complete the sentences using the gerund after prepositions. 1) Sally will visit her aunt. She’s excited.

2) John has to get up early. He is used.

3) Sheila keeps her own room tidy. She’s responsible. 4) Jane has to do the housework by herself. She’s tired. 5) Gordon likes to watch football. He’s keen.

6) Tom passed all his exams. He succeeded.

7) Paul doesn’t want to be misunderstood. He’s afraid.

8) David is studying. He’s bored.

9) Peter wants to learn English. He’s interested.

10) Swan will meet Gordon. She is looking forward.

3.Supply an appropriate form gerund or infinitive of the verbs in parentheses. 1) Mary reminded me ____ (be / not) late for the meeting.

2) We went for a walk after we finished ____ (clean) up the kitchen. 3) When do you expect ____ (leave) on your trip?

4) The baby started ____ (talk) when she was about eighteen months old. 5) I’m getting tired. I need ____ (take) a break.

6) I’ve decided ____ (stay) here over vacation and ____ (paint) my room.

7) Sometimes students avoid ____ (look) at the teacher if they don’t want ____

(answer) a question.

8) The travel agent advised us ____ (not / wait) until August.

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9)We’re going out for dinner. Would you like ____ (join) us?

10)Mrs. Allen promised ____ (come) tomorrow.

11)My boss expects me ____ (complete) this work as soon as possible.

12)Even though I asked the people in front of me at the movie ___ (be) quiet, they kept ___ (talk).

13)He doesn’t mind ____ (be) alone.

14)The teacher seems ____ (be) in a good mood today.

15)Mrs. Jackson warned her young son ___ (not / touch) the hot stove.

16)Jack advised me ___ (rent) a new apartment.

17)His teacher encourages him ____ (study) harder.

18)Lucy pretended ____ (know) the answer to my question.

19)Could you please stop ___ (make) so much noise?

20)He doesn’t let anyone ____ (smoke) in his office.

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INTERACTIVE III. PROJECT

Choose one of the following topics, do your project, prepare a presentation, and present it in front of your groupmates.

1)My school – my Alma mater. Tell about your school, its history, teachers, interesting facts, and good memories about the place you spent so much time of your life.

2)The greatest pedagogues in the history of pedagogics. Tell about one of the world-famous teachers or pedagogues. Speak about his\her life and professional activities, about his\her pedagogical method and the contribution into the history and science of pedagogics.

ROLEPLAY

Situation 7. Complaint about the product.

SA: You are a customer. You have some problem with the product you’ve bought. You want to return it or get a refund.

SB: You are a manager of the shop. Your customer is dissatisfied with the product. You should politely solve the problem.

Task. Roleplay the conversation between the customer and the manager and come to an agreement.

Situation 8. At the post-office.

SA: You are a clerk in the post-office.

SB: You are the customer. You want to send\receive a parcel, a letter, or a package. Task. Roleplay the conversation between the clerk and the customer.

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Situation 9. Renting an apartment.

SA: You are a tenant. You need to rent an apartment.

SB: You are a landlord. You are looking for a young student as tenant. Task. Roleplay the conversation between a tenant and a landlord.

ESSAY

For and against essays

1)Write about arguments for and against online studying, give justifications for each point.

2)What are the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping. Give your reasons.

3)You were asked to write an article for a students’ newspaper and agree or disagree with the statement “It is better to read a book than to watch a film”. Give your reasons.

4)Can you think of advantages and disadvantages of being a strict teacher.

5)Agree or disagree with the following statement “I like spring and summer more than winter and autumn”.

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