History and Social Science. Учебное пособие

14) If you had tried harder, you would have n) look after a child until it worked out the answers for your homework. becomes an adult

15) Don’t you understand that you’ve let down o) criticize angrily your teammates?

C)phrasal verbs with no object – these verbs do not have objects (intransitive).

1)Don`t worry, everything will turn a) happen

D) three-part phrasal verbs – the object always comes after the preposition (unsplittable)

verb + adverb particle + preposition

a)verb + adverb particle + preposition + object

b)verb + particle (no object)

2. Choose the correct phrasal verb for each point. Translate the sentences and other phrasal verbs into Russian.

10) I hadn’t seen John for years and then I _______ him in the supermarket.

3. Choose the correct phrasal verb, then translate the sentences into Russian.

1)He agreed to look into / look at / look after / look forward to my flat while I was on holiday.

2)After visiting London, we decided to make for / make to / make out / make up for Scotland and then Ireland.

3)They have been going out with / going in for / going back / going up with each other for four years.

4)That’s a matter I’d like you to look for / look into / look away from / look after.

5)He takes out / takes after / takes in / takes up his mother.

6)I always knew that they would stand behind / stand on / stand over / stand by me in a crisis.

7)After seven years together, their marriage has broken out / broken in / broken down / broken through.

8)I don't get on / get off / get up / get over well with my in-laws.

9)I couldn't quite make off with / make towards / make out / make for what was written on the note.

10)Although I didn't really agree with her, I gave out / gave up / gave off / gave in to her in the end.

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INTERACTIVE I. PROJECT

Choose one of the following topics, do your project, prepare a presentation, and present it in front of your groupmates.

1)What are the well-known symbols of Russia in the world? You have 5-7 minutes to present your project. Choose from one to three symbols. Tell about the history of its appearance. When, where and how did it appear. Why did this thing become the symbol of Russia. Has the attitude to this symbol changed in later years. What is your opinion about the symbol or symbols?

2)What are the symbols of countries in the world? Choose a country you would like to talk about. What ideas come up to your mind when you hear the name of this country, what people, sites, historical facts is this country associated with?

ROLEPLAY

SA – student A, SB – student B Situation 1. A job interview

SA: You are a manager of a shop\cafe, or you are a headmaster of the school. SB: You have applied for the job you’ve read about on an internet site or newspaper. It can be a position of a teacher, shop assistant, waiter, schoolteacher and so on.

Task. Roleplay the situation and discuss the future job for student B. Ask and answer questions.

Situation 2. At the library

SA: You are a librarian; you should help the reader to find the book needed. SB: You are a reader, you need a book to read, but you have forgotten the title of it.

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Task. Roleplay the conversation between the reader and librarian.

Situation 3. Going to the cinema

SA: You are a student, and you suggest your friend to go to the cinema at the weekend.

SB: You are a student. Your friend has invited you to the cinema.

Task. Decide what film you want to watch. And plan about the day, time, and cinema theater you will go. What are you going to do and where are you going to go after the film.

ESSAY

Choose one of the following topics and write an essay.

Writing a letter (formal, informal, semi-formal)

1)A friend you haven’t seen for months is getting married in the summer and has invited you to the wedding ceremony and party. Write a letter accepting the invitation.

2)You have missed the English classes. Write a letter to your teacher to apologize and explain the reasons of your absence at the classes. Promise to attend all the classes and ask for some tasks to do as a type of punishment.

3)You have seen an advertisement on the vacancy site for a teaching job. Write a letter to the headmaster of the school, applying for the job.

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4)You’ve recently entered the Southern Federal University and moved to Rostov- on-Don to live and study. Write a letter to your best friend who stayed in your native town and tell him/her about your first impressions about the university, teachers and groupmates, dormitory, etc.

5)You’ve bought your favorite cake, but at home when you opened the box you found mold on one of the cakes. Write a letter to the manager of the confectionary and complain about it. Ask for a refund or another cake.

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SELF-WORK I

Read the text and fulfill the tasks after it.

Junk email

‘Dear anybody. Your email address has been chosen by our computer. So, for no reason, we’d like to give you a million dollars. All you need to do is give us your bank account numbers. Can we interest you in some diet pills? And, by the way, I want to marry you.’

I hate to let you down, but there is no ‘million dollars’. The diet pills don’t exist – and your future ‘husband’ or ‘wife’ has just proposed to a million others. These and a hundred other stories have been made up to steal your personal information or money or maybe just to infect your computer with a virus. Welcome to the world of junk email.

Junk email – or spam – is probably the biggest global business that’s ever existed. Billions of spam emails are sent every day, making up around 80% of all email traffic. These incredible volumes of spam slow down the whole internet and cost businesses millions of dollars just trying to keep up with the next trick.

Your email program probably includes a spam filter, which sorts out the mail you do want from the junk. But it’s impossible to stop it all and if you put together the seconds it takes to see through the deception in each one, they add up to a significant amount of lost time dealing with the spam that does gets through. But who could fall for such obvious tricks? Probably very few of us – one in a million, perhaps.

But when you are sending billions of these every day, for next to no cost, it doesn’t take a genius to work out that someone is getting very rich.

But who? It’s incredibly difficult to find out. Most spam is sent using anonymous networks of infected computers, called ‘botnets’, some of which are made up of tens of millions of computers across dozens of countries. Maybe your own laptop is sending out marriage proposals right now. It’s enough to put you off using email again!

So, what can you do to defend yourself? You could set up a separate email account for online use, or maybe leave out the @ symbol when you write your email address online. An up-to-date web browser and antivirus program will help too. And of course, never open strange email, even from a friend’s account. Never click on the links. And never ever reply!

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1.Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Circle the correct answers and correct the false statements.

1) The only purpose of junk mail is to infect your computer. 2) The majority of emails which are sent are junk emails. 3) Businesses spend millions of dollars sending spam.

4) Using a spam filter takes up a significant amount of time. 5) Very few junk emails result in the sale of goods.

6) Botnets are networks of laptops used to send spam.

7) Writing your email address differently online can be a good idea. 8) You should only open email from people you know.

2.The article contains 20 phrasal verbs. They are in the same order as they appear in the article. Find them and complete the missing words below.

3. Which phrasal verbs from exercise 2 have the following meanings?

1)invent ________

2)discover the deception ________

3)arrange or start something new ________

4)disappoint ________

5)not fall behind ________

6)calculate or use logic to find an answer ________

7)make you dislike something ________

8)believe in a false promise _______

9)distribute _______

10)obtain information _______

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4.Use the phrasal verbs from exercise 3 to complete the questions below. 1) Is it always wrong to _______ multiple emails to people you don’t know?

2) What kind of people do you think _______ the fake offers made in junk emails? 3) Is it a good idea to ________ different email accounts for different purposes? 4) What stories do they ________ in order to get people to reply to junk emails? 5) Does the existence of spam ________ you ________ using email?

6) What methods can people use to ________ the tricks used by spammers? 7) How can people _______ the latest developments in technology?

8) Are young people still able to ________ the answers to problems without using computers or calculators?

9) Do you think the public has been ________ by those responsible for internet security?

10) Is the internet the best way to _________ about the world we live in?

5.Can you find and correct the common mistakes speakers make?

1)Spanish people is very friendly.

2)I will ask to my mother tonight.

3)I knew Paul at a party last year.

4)All the days I go to the office.

5)At the end, I was able to finish my homework.

6)My friend who works for Sony he is an engineer.

7)I’m lawyer, but I also teach English sometimes.

8)We are twelve in my English class.

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MODULE 2

HISTORY

Warming-up questions.

1)Is it important to study History? Why? Why not?

2)Why have you chosen History to study? Why?

3)What period of history do you like most of all? Why?

4)What historical person do you admire? Why?

5)What role does history play in your life?

6)Did you like your history lessons at school? Why? Why not?

TEXT I.

Why Is History Important?

Understanding history helps us develop critical decision-making skills, cultural awareness, and the ability to anticipate future trends based on historical patterns. By examining historical events, we can all learn valuable lessons, avoid past mistakes, and make informed decisions that can positively impact both our personal and professional development.

History is the knowledge of and study of the past. It is the story of the past and a form of collective memory. History is the story of who we are, where we come from, and can potentially reveal where we are headed.

History is important to study because it is essential for all of us in understanding ourselves and the world around us. There is a history of every field and topic, from medicine, to music, to art.

Understanding and studying history enhances our grasp of the world, shedding light on cultural diversity, social dynamics, and geopolitical complexities. It helps us see how past events influence the present and guides us in making informed decisions. It also helps us grasp the following:

History gives us a very clear picture of how the various aspects of society

– such as technology, governmental systems, and even society as a whole – worked in the past so we understand how it came to work the way it is now.

Studying history allows us to observe and understand how people and societies behaved. For example, we are able to evaluate war, even when a nation

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