History and Social Science. Учебное пособие

INTERACTIVE VI.

PROJECT

Choose one of the following topics, do your project, prepare a presentation, and present it in front of your groupmates.

1)Currencies, banknotes, and coins in different countries. Choose a country and find the information about its money. Talk about the history of money in this country, what images are depicted on the banknotes and coins, why.

2)My business. Imagine that you’ve won a million dollars, and you decide to start your own business. What will it be like? Work out something like a business plan and talk about the progress of your business.

ROLEPLAY

Situation 16. At the hotel.

SA: You are a receptionist in a hotel. Meet the guest and tell him about places for sightseeing, restaurants, shops, and other useful locations.

SB: You are a guest. You have come to a hotel to stay for a few days, you are in this city because of business trip and except your working duties you will have a couple of days-off.

Task. Roleplay the conversation between the guest and receptionist. The guest needs to check into the hotel and ask questions about where he can go and what he can do in this city.

Situation 17. What are your plans for the summer?

SA: You are who you are. You meet your friend and suggest him\her to spend a week together somewhere in the summer.

SB: You are who you are. Your friend invites you to spend your holidays together. Task. Roleplay the conversation and come up to the agreement about your plans for the summer.

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Situation 18. Buying groceries at the supermarket.

SA: You are a shop assistant.

SB: You are a customer.

Task.

1)The editor of your student’s magazine has asked you to write a review about a book you have recently read/a film you have recently watched. Write your review, giving a brief summary of the plot and saying why you think other people might enjoy it.

2)You were asked to write an article on the topic “What is the secret of happiness?”

3)What is the funniest experience in your life?

4)What are the best and the worst characteristics of the young generation?

5)A friend has written to ask how to improve his/her English. Write a letter in reply, giving your advice. You should also mention the main difficulties which you think your friend might face.

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SELF-WORK 6

Penicillin – ‘wonder drug’

How often do you cut or scratch yourself? Nowadays we don’t worry about it because if the cut becomes infected, we can usually get better after taking antibiotics like penicillin. The situation was very different 70 years ago. There was no effective treatment for infections. People could die from a scratch, a sore throat, or an operation. People were as afraid of infection as people are now of cancer. Who developed this ‘wonder drug’?

You might know that Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident after leaving a petri dish of bacteria in his lab when he went on holiday. When he returned, he found that there was mould in the dish and the bacteria were dead. He named the substance penicillin and in 1929 he published his findings. He knew that penicillin had potential, but he couldn’t extract the substance which killed the bacteria, so he moved on to another research.

In 1939 Howard Florey and his team of scientists in Oxford began research into the drug after reading an article about Fleming’s discovery. Because of the Second World War, the team worked under difficult conditions with not enough funding or equipment. At first, they had to use any equipment they could find and even used hospital bedpans to grow the mould! On 25th May 1940 they began the first trial on mice. First, they infected eight mice and treated four with penicillin. The next day the four untreated mice were dead, but the ones treated with penicillin were fine.

In 1941 they tested penicillin on the first human. The man had a very badly infected scratch and was near death. After they gave him penicillin he started to recover, but they didn’t have enough of the drug to continue the treatment and he died. They knew that penicillin could cure infection, but they needed to produce large amounts of the drug to test more patients. Because of the war in Europe, they had to go to the US to get funding. The Americans helped them to produce larger quantities of mould and in 1943 drug companies began mass-producing penicillin.

Unfortunately, some bacteria became resistant to penicillin after a few years because of the overuse of antibiotics. Now doctors are more cautious about prescribing antibiotics. The penicillin family of antibiotics are still the most

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widely used form of antibiotics and millions of people are alive today thanks to Alexander Fleming and Florey’s team.

1.Which paragraph in the text (1–5) talks about each of the following? 1) testing penicillin on people _____

2) the difference between getting a cut now and in the past _____

3) the problem with giving too much penicillin _____

4) testing penicillin on animals _____

5) the discovery of penicillin ______

2.Read the article and decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F). Circle the correct statements and correct those that are false.

1)70 years ago doctors could cure infections.

2)Alexander Fleming developed penicillin.

3)Howard Florey’s team of scientists didn’t have much money for their research.

4)The first trial of penicillin was on rats.

5)All bacteria became resistant to penicillin after a few years.

6)Penicillins are the most commonly used antibiotics today.

3. Use the words from the box to complete the sentences about the text.

1)70 years ago people were very worried about getting _________.

2)Fleming found that the __________ in the petri dish killed __________.

3)The __________ of penicillin on mice was successful.

4)Florey’s team knew that penicillin could __________ infections.

5)After a few years some bacteria became __________ to penicillin.

6)Doctors now __________ penicillin less often than in the 1940s.

4. Read the text again and underline all the regular verbs in the past simple (finishing -ed). Then put the verbs in the correct column for the pronunciation of ed.

5. Complete the sentences using some of the verbs from exercise 4.

1)Alexander Fleming ________ penicillin by accident.

2)In 1929 Fleming ________ his findings.

3)Fleming found that the mould ________ the bacteria.

4)After penicillin, Fleming ________ on to another research.

5)Florey’s team ________ under difficult conditions.

6)The team _________ bedpans to grow the mould.

7)First, they _________ eight mice and then ________ four with penicillin.

8)In 1941 they ________ the first person with penicillin and he ________ to recover.

9)They _______ to produce large amounts of penicillin and the Americans

_______ them to do this.

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2.Pasko, O. V. History in Documents and Documents in History : учебное пособие / O. V. Pasko. – Ростов-на-Дону - Таганрог : Южный федеральный университет, 2017. – 244 p. – ISBN 978-5-9275-2534-8. – EDN YLXJBA.

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Учебное издание

Пасько Ольга Викторовна

HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

Отв. редактор: кандидат педагогических наук,

доцент кафедры английского языка гуманитарных факультетов ИФЖиМКК ЮФУ Е. М. Солтовец

Подписано в печать 11.12.2025 г.

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