Основы теории английского языка. Сборник упражнение для слушателей программы дополнительного (к высшему) образования «Переводчик в сфере профессиональ

4.discreet or discrete

The genes, _____ bits of DNA on the chromosomes in each cell, control all body activities by directing the production of essential chemicals.

5.historic or historical

In 1958, a Spanish photographer accompanied Fidel Castro and his band of revolutionaries during their ____ push to Havana.

6.imply or infer

"The fact that some geniuses were laughed at does not _____ that all who are laughed at are geniuses." (Carl Sagan)

7.incredible or incredulous

All births are _____ moments, but some are more momentous than others.

8.later or latter

Facebook has about 300 million users and Twitter a tenth of that number, but the _____ has been winning the headline battle in recent months.

9.pored or poured

Night after night, the president _____ over memos arguing for and against the choice that confronted him.

10. principal or principle

A higher salary was Sol's _____ reason for accepting the job offer.

11. racked or wracked

He _____ his brains to remember, but he could not call to mind a single thing!

12. sensual or sensuous

"The beauty of Moroccan palaces is made up of details of ornament and refinements of _____ delight too numerous to record." (Edith Wharton)

13. shear or sheer

"English usage is sometimes more than mere taste, judgment, and education sometimes it's _____ luck, like getting across a street." (E.B. White)

14. stationary or stationery

The train passengers spent the night in the makeshift hotels of ____ carriages parked on railway sidings.

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15. veracious or voracious

Be it a Jeep Cherokee or a Ford Explorer or supersized to a Humvee, the SUV soon became the _____ and luxurious symbol of boomer excess throughout the 1990s.

Task 4

1. Choose the correct collocation.

1.The dentist told me to shut/close my mouth.

2.I didn’t know what to do when I got into my car and couldn’t start/begin the engine.

3.I want to buy a sweater for my dad. He needs one in a big/large size.

4.I haven’t finished/ended my essay yet. I can’t decide how to finish/end it.

5.At what time do you plan to shut/close the conference?

6.All societies develop their own stories about how the world started/began.

7.It’s far too big/large a problem for you to solve on your own.

8.It’s never easy to finish/end a relationship.

2. Fill in the blanks with the words from the lists below in their correct form.

b. anxiety - nuisance - problem - trouble

1.The woman was full of….. when her daughter was late home.

2.That boy is a(n)……..he's always disturbing the class.

3.Can you speak up, please? I have a(n) ............ with my hearing.

4.If you don't revise, you'll have a lot of ........ answering the questions.

5.I left my glasses at home - what a(n) .............. !

3. Choose the correct item.

1.When you ..... the traffic lights turn left!

A arrive B reach C get D come

2.My favourite ......... of car is the Ferrari.

A style B make C trademark D model

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3.This shirt will ..... if you wash it with bleach.

A fade B lighten C waken D faint

4.It's very rude to ......... at people.

6.Could you leave me .........? I have to study.

A alone B only C single D lonely

7.From my point of ...... there is no benefit in remaining here.

A idea B opinion C view D belief

8.His injuries turned out to be ..... - he died the day after the accident.

A fatal B final C solemn D lethal

9.I'm really .......... about this situation; I hope we can find a solution.

4. Put a tick in the appropriate boxes.

disease rumors a road

the agony

abuilding

5.Complete each phrase with a word meaning either “old” or “alone” (old, ancient, antique, elderly, single, lonely, alone, solitary, sole, only, unique).

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1.a………………figure on the horizon

2.a shop selling………………furniture

3.to be an………………...…..child

4.the………….survivor of the accident

5.to study………………history

6.to live…………..

7.to feel desperately…………………

8.to catch up with………………friends

9.support for………………….parents

10.a home for………………..people

6. Correct these sentences.

1.Were many people damaged in the earthquake?

2.Single parents growing children without a partner’s support are entitled to financial help from the government.

3.My mobile isn’t working. I need to load the battery.

4.She has a lot of beautiful elderly jewellery.

5.When we moved house, two men helped us to charge the van.

6.That’s not news – it’s antique history!

7.I don’t know how to charge a gun, let alone fire one.

8.I’ve never been very successful at raising plants.

7. Use the following verbs in the correct form to complete each colloca-

1.I don’t have ambitions to……a lot of money, I just want to be happy

in life.

2.Jack has already…….a very good reputation as a talented lawyer.

3.Kim has…………. several prizes for her singing.

4.It is important to have goals even if you do not always…….them.

5.Chris………….a lot of money when he sold some old shares on the stock exchange.

6.In the tournament Hannah…all her opponents and ….the gold medal.

7.Nowadays John…………a very good salary.

8.In the cycle race, Henry……an advantage when several of his opponents had punctures.

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8. Correct collocation errors in this paragraph.

Last year I got a new job and started gaining a lot more money. I realized I could afford to use more money on my holiday than I usually do and decided to pass a month in Australia. I knew it would be hot there and so I wouldn’t need to carry warm clothes with me. In fact, I used a T-shirt and jeans all the time I was there. I carried a hat all the time too, of course, to protect me from the sun. It was fantastic there. I passed a week sightseeing in Sydney and then stayed the rest of the time traveling round the country. I even did my lifelong ambition of stroking a koala.

9. Choose the word which is the best match.

10. Look up BIG and LARGE in a good learner’s dictionary of English and see what collocations it suggests for them

11. Fill in DO or MAKE in the correct form.

1.I enjoy ……... the crossword in The Guardian.

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2.It's not a good idea to …….. an enemy of Clare.

3.We had better start …….. preparations for the christening.

4.Pete ……… a great deal of damage already.

5.It's your turn to ……... the washing up tonight.

6.The boy promised to ……... his best in the test.

7.She …….. her exercises every morning before work.

8.Pat doesn't appreciate …………a fool of.

9.I ....... friends with some people from Germany while I was traveling to Budapest.

10.They find it difficult ………..ends meet.

11.Mum has promised to ………. a cake for the party.

12.A man phoned earlier to……..an appointment.

13.He asked me what I ………… for a living.

14.Our neighbours are always …………. noise.

15.Can't you at least…………an effort?

16.It appears that she …… a fortune when she was living in Japan.

12. Underline the correct item.

rise - rose - risen (int) = get higher; move upward

raise - raised - raised (tr) = cause to rise; make higher or greater arise - arose - arisen = (of problems) appear

lie - lied - lied = not to tell the truth

lie - lay - lain (intr) = be in a horizontal position lay - laid - laid (tr) = cause to place down

(also: lay the table; lay eggs)

1.You should raise/rise/arise your hand to get the teacher's attention.

2.She always lies/lays about her age so no one knows how old she really is.

3.We'll have to put off making a decision because a problem has arisen/risen/raised.

4.It's not good for you to lie/lay in bed all day.

5.I always wake up just after the sun has arisen/risen/raised.

6.They lied/laid/lay the unconscious man on the bed.

7.Everyone arose/rose/raised to their feet when the judge entered the courtroom.

8.She laid/lied/lay on the floor groaning in pain.

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3. Change the underlined words so that each sentence has the opposite meaning.

1.The Democratic Party lost the election.

2.The ruling power has lost control of the situation.

3.Our team was defeated in the match.

4.I spent a lot of money last month.

5.Our company made a loss last year.

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4. Write the opposite of these expressions.

5. Add the correct prefixes to form the opposites.

1.It was very .......kind of you to laugh at Emily's haircut

2.Many people .......approve of violent films and television programs.

3.We became .......patient with the slow service.

4.It is .......legal to leave school before the age of 16 in many countries.

5.He was sacked due to his .......professional behaviour.

6.The nurse who treated me was gentle but .......personal.

7.Some frozen food does not have to be ........frosted before cooking.

8.My homework was wrong because I .......understood the instructions.

9.Dave was ........successful in his attempt to climb Mount Houghton.

10.You can't trust him to do anything. He is very .......responsible.

Task 6

1. Write numbers next to these suffixes according to which part of speech they usually indicate. A few belong in more than one category. Give exam-

2. Match a prefix with a word to make a new word. Then choose the appropriate meaning for the prefix from the list.

Example: anti-theft/ against

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3. Underline the words that do not contain the idea of ‘beneath’ or ‘less’.

4. Underline the words that mean ‘not…’.

5. Underline the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.

1.Julia played a…role in the planning of the millennium exhibition.

2.Even the best medicines are not… .

3.In the event, we found your advice absolutely… .

4.I parked in a restricted area and the police……my car.

5.He has been…..for gross misconduct.

6. Underline the words that have no base form that exists by itself.

7. Use the -er/-or, -ее and -ist suffixes to make the names of the following.

Example: A person who plays jazz on the piano. a jazz pianist

1.The thing that wipes rain off your car windscreen.

2.A person who plays classical violin.

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3.A person who takes professional photographs.

4.A person who acts in amateur theatre.

5.The person to whom a cheque is paid.

6.A machine for washing dishes.

7.A person who donates their organs upon their death.

8.The person to whom a letter is addressed.

8. Do these words mean a thing, a person, or both?

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