Лингвистика текста и переводческое реферирование. Учебное пособие

ТЕКСТ 2.

Задание 1. Сделайте полный и краткий реферат приведенной статьи.

“I’ve had a wake-up call on Covid vaccines for children – mine will be first in line”

The US vaccine approval for fiveto 11-year-olds has brought an end to speculation and dither – and joy to parents ‘Suddenly, a pathway to getting the kids out of masks opened up.’

Emma Brockes

Sun 7 Nov 2021 14.00 GMT The Guardian

Along with a lot of other people, over the summer I had responded to news about Covid vaccine trials in young children mainly by sitting on the fence. When the time came, I thought, I’d probably get my two six-year- olds vaccinated, but possibly not in the first wave. It seemed unnecessary to run for the door, given the low impact of the disease on young children and the high number of teens and adults (nearly 80% in our zip code) in New York who have had at least one dose of vaccine. A big surprise, therefore, has been not only how keen I am to get my kids vaxxed, after Tuesday’s announcement that 28 million fiveto 11-year-olds in the US are now eligible, but how emotional this moment feels.

It has been a feature of Covid that every projected end-point has been pushed back beyond the horizon. To remember March 2020 is to invite bitter laughter at the naivety of those early days of lockdown, when we thought this thing might be over by summer, or by autumn, or by the first Christmas – definitely by the time the vaccine programme rolled out, in early 2021. And it did get much better. Viewed from the US, people in the UK look deranged, sending their unvaccinated kids to school unmasked, behaving as if Covid is over while the numbers surge. But even here in New York, where precautions are still stringent – the kids are under mask mandates at school and no one I know is having indoor playdates or birthday parties – it is, of course, a vast improvement on where we were last year. If this is the new normal, we had, I thought, done a good job of adjusting.

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With this in mind, it seemed that vaccinating one’s kids when the trial period was so “shallow” (these are the things one has found oneself saying, with great authority, in the last weeks and months) wasn’t a priority. At the end of October, the New York Times reported an AxiosIpsos poll showing that 42% of parents in the US said they were unlikely to get their under-12s vaccinated. Another survey, by the Kaiser Family Foundation, found that two-thirds of all parents were either reluctant or firmly opposed to vaccinating their kids. People mumbled about myocarditis, a heart condition most often triggered in very small numbers of boys and young men in the wake of receiving the vaccine. This seemed eminently reasonable in October – as has been the case throughout Covid, time concertinas in weird ways so that even the most recent history can feel like ancient times. Wait and see; why wouldn’t we?

That was the week before last. I hadn’t been paying close attention to the data; these conversations were all driven by emotion. Looking now, however, this position seems ludicrous. According to the (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC), 172 children between the ages of five and 11 have died from Covid-19 in the US, and more than 8,300 have been hospitalised. The CDC figures indicate that of the 877 recorded cases of myocarditis in under 30-year-olds after the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine, none resulted in death. All these risks are vanishingly small, and the risk to kids from catching Covid – this is before you get to the public health implications and the risks posed to vulnerable adults from unvaccinated kids – would still seem to be higher.

On Tuesday, a week after the Federal Drug Agency approved the vaccine for five to 12-year-olds, at a third of the adult dose, the CDC officially recommended it. Within a day, we received two emails, one from our doctor’s office, another from my children’s school, offering the Covid vaccine for all who wanted it, in the school auditorium next Tuesday. Suddenly, a pathway to getting the kids out of masks opened up. (Although if large numbers of parents hold out on vaccinating their kids, it’s unclear exactly how this will happen; as with every other aspect of Covid, the greatest opportunity provided by this latest development is the one to loathe other people.)

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In the 1980s, we lined up outside the nurse’s office in school to receive our BCG (tuberculosis) jabs, and it’s a smart move to deliver Covid vaccines in school. By the middle of last week, friends were jumping on even earlier appointments in midtown clinics and before long, photos started to come in of their eight-year-olds getting jabbed. All dissembling evaporated. We look with hope and relief to this Tuesday. It doesn’t proof us against every Covid-related eventuality, but after all the mindless dithering and unscientific speculation, the feeling is one of pure joy. Another step closer.

Задание 2. Проанализируйте примеры краткого реферата данной статьи.

1.

BULLET POINTS:

•MAIN IDEA: In the article “I’ve had a wake-up call on Covid vaccines for children – mine will be first in line” Emma Brockes explains the reasons behind the decision to get her children vaxxed.

•SUBPOINT #1: Vaccinating kids against Covid didn’t seem essential at first.

•SUBPOINT #2: Getting Covid is riskier than getting vaxxed. •SUBPOINT #3: Five to 12-year-old children vaccine is approved.

SUMMARY PARAGRAPH:

The article “I’ve had a wake-up call on Covid vaccines for children – mine will be first in line” by Emma Brockes explains how the author’s views on kids vaccination has changed from not-being-so-sure-if-it-is- necessary to the complete confidence in the importance of the act. According to the article, there are still many of those who are either reluctant or firmly opposed to vaccinating their kids. Nevertheless, the risks of facing negative effects from catching Covid are still much higher than from getting vaxxed. Brockes concludes by pointing out how the understanding of the new “normality” brought her the feeling of joy and long-awaited relief.

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2.BULLET POINTS:

MAIN IDEA: The article "I’ve had a wake-up call on Covid vaccines for children – mine will be first in line" by Emma Brockes reports that the Covid-19 vaccine for children from 5 to 11 years old has been approved in the United States.

SUBPOINT #1: Some parents in the US are unlikely to get their under-12s vaccinated.

SUBPOINT #2: 172 children between the ages of five and 11 have died from Covid-19 in the US, and more than 8,300 have been hospitalised.

SUBPOINT #3: Vaccinating children is a smart move. SUMMARY PARAGRAPH: The article “I’ve had a wake-up call on

Covid vaccines for children – mine will be first in line” by Emma Brockes reports that the Covid-19 vaccine for children from 5 to 11 years old has been approved in the United States. According to the article, people in the USA have managed to adapt to the situation with Covid. However, a large percentage of parents are still against vaccinating their children due to the short trial period of the vaccine and its possible consequences. The author of the article also reports that more than 8 thousand children were hospitalized with Covid, and more than 100 died. Emma Brockes concludes by pointing out that vaccinating children is a smart move in the fight against the virus.

КРАТКОЕ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ: В статье “Призыв к действию: вакцина против Covid для детей – мои будут первыми в очереди” Эмма Брокс сообщает, что в Соединенных Штатах была одобрена вакцина против Covid-19 для детей в возрасте от 5 до 11 лет. Согласно статье, люди в США сумели адаптироваться к ситуации с Covid. Однако большой процент родителей по-прежнему против вакцинации своих детей из-за короткого испытательного срока вакцины и ее возможных последствий. Автор статьи также сообщает, что более 8 тысяч детей были госпитализированы с Covid, и более 100 умерли. В

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заключение Эмма Брокс отмечает, что вакцинация детей – это разумный шаг в борьбе с вирусом.

ТЕКСТ 3.

Задание 1. Проанализируйте текст, составьте план реферата и напишите summary paragraph (краткое изложение) данной статьи.

“From ‘green’ trains to eco-hotels: why Germany is one of Europe’s top sustainable travel destinations”

Michelin-starred vegetarian dining, model cities and a solar powered river safari – here’s how Germany became a world leader in sustainable tourism.

Germany might have a reputation for meaty meals, fast cars and heavy industry but it has also become one of the greenest places to travel on the planet. Home to a nature-loving population, many of whom holiday domestically, it has cemented its reputation as a world leader in sustainable tourism over the past decade.

There’s no need to rush around on the Autobahn when you can hop aboard a train powered by renewable energy, or use the country’s excellent bus service. While you’re exploring the great outdoors, how about taking a leisurely, solar-powered boat on a river safari? More and more hotels are certified green, some even carbon neutral, and there are award-winning vegetarian and vegan restaurants galore so you needn’t worry about maintaining your commitment to plant-based eating on holiday either.

Get around

These days you can rent electric or hybrid vehicles from most major car hire companies, and there are almost 28,000 charging points around Germany for topping up on power so you don’t have to worry about running out.

There’s also an excellent public transport system with about 400 bus routes as well as more than 20,000 miles of rail, with many long-distance trains now powered by 100% renewable energy (operators Deutsche Bahn are committed to full green energy by 2038). In certain areas you can access these services free of charge with special passes such as the

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GästeCard to name but one, and you can even offset when booking tickets to ensure your journeys are completely carbon neutral.

Eat and drink

Germans lead the way in sustainable eating, with rates of vegetarianism and veganism at or near the highest in Europe. There’s a huge choice for veggies, vegans and flexitarians, from casual snack bars to the highest end dining. Indeed, a number of Europe’s top Michelin-starred vegetarian restaurants are to be found in Germany, such as Munich’s Tian and Berlin’s Cookies Cream.

If you still fancy sampling the country’s traditional meat dishes, stick to the regional specialities of the area you’re staying in: ensuring your products don’t have to travel far to reach your plate. In the Schlei river, up by the Baltic Sea, for instance, you can buy fish and even eels direct from fishermen’s boats – as fresh as seafood can get.

And there’s no need to buy water in plastic bottles, when you can fill up at countless locations – find your nearest spot by using the Refill Deutschland website.

Sleep well

You’re sure to sleep more soundly knowing the eco credentials of your chosen accommodation are impeccable, and Germany has green options to suit every pocket. Most cities, and many towns, are now home to eco-hotels; look for those with green certifications such as Green Key or

LEED.A couple of standouts: the Creativhotel Luise in Erlangen is Germany’s first climate-positive hotel, with several rooms made from 100% biodegradable materials, while Best Western Premier Hotel Victoria in Freiburg has its own solar power station.

At the more rustic end, the country’s national parks are full of smart sleeping options, whether that’s the cloefhänger, hanging bivouacs strung up in the tree canopy overlooking the dramatic Saarschleife river bend, or Green Tiny Houses, glass fronted smart cabins made from Danish wood, and suitably hygge, in the Lauenberg Lakes.

Freiburg, with its exquisitely preserved medieval old town, now also offers a number of eco-hotels.

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Freiburg, with its exquisitely preserved medieval old town, is now home to a number of eco-hotels. Photograph: Francesco Carovillano

Model cities

Germany’s cities are regularly counted among the greenest in Europe, with Hamburg and Essen both having been awarded the EU’s European Green Capital accolade in the past decade (in 2011 and 2017 respectively).

But it isn’t just these prize-winning metropolises that can flex their sustainability cred. The Hanseatic port city of Bremen is home not only to the Climate House, a museum dedicated to the history of the Earth’s climate and study of climate change, but has also been rated Germany’s most bike-friendly city.

Meanwhile, the quaint university city of Freiburg, with its exquisitely preserved medieval old town, has turned itself into a hub of green innovation – with a burgeoning solar industry, its own hydroelectric plant, and a slew of impressive sustainable construction projects, from eco-hotels to the green neighbourhood of Quartier Vauban.

And the capital can’t be left out of the mix either: a third of Berlin’s urban area is designated green space, and the city is widely known for its thriving vegan and vegetarian dining scene, as well as its deeply green social and political outlook.

Get out there

Germany has more than 1m hectares of designated national parkland, offering myriad opportunities for hiking, wild sleeping and swimming, as well as more unusual adventures such as donkey hiking.

Green technology has even had some unforeseen pluses for tourist activities. In the Peene valley in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, for example, river safaris now use solar-powered boats, which are so quiet they enable guests to get right up close to wildlife, such as beavers, otters and water snakes.

Whether it’s a spa-filled city break with fine dining, greener rail travel or a wildlife-lover’s adventure, Germany is leading the way in eco travel, with the technology, vision and magnificent landscapes to make your next green holiday a great one. 77

For more about sustainable, feel good travel across Germany, head to Feel Good, which is packed with inspiring ideas and practical advice (25).

ТЕКСТ 4.

Задание 1. Выполните реферативный перевод данной статьи, используя вводные фразы для реферирования.

The pandemic ought to be the turning point in the debate about private schools

Frances Ryan

The gulf in provision for private and state pupils has never been starker. Who can doubt now that they entrench privilege?

‘The private school system is often spoken about by its proponents as if it were harmless, but advantage does not exist in a vacuum.’

Keir Starmer’s pledge earlier this week to end the lucrative tax breaks given to private schools has predictably brought out the usual critics.The chief executive of the Independent Schools Council, Julie Robinson, told the Times it was wrong to “put politics before the interests of young people”. Presumably Robinson did not mean the interests of most young people – just the ones whose families can afford tens of thousands of pounds of school fees.

The “charitable status” of private schools is an oxymoron of longstanding. These institutions hoard advantage for the wealthy – and are then rewarded for their “good work”. And yet the debate about that status rarely progresses. We have been stuck listening to the same old myths for years, from the idea that private schools deserve tax breaks because they provide bursaries to poorer children (in fact “financial assistance” is considerably more likely to go to affluent middle-class families), to the claim that tax breaks let ordinary families buy an elite education (the average annual fee for independent schools is £15,191, by some estimates half the average UK salary, before tax). It is a testament to the hold that class privilege has in this country that even such a modest attempt to keep private schools in check is repeatedly resisted.

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There is a chance the pandemic could be the turning point. More than a year of unprecedented disruption to schooling has highlighted – and widened – the gap between young people in fee-paying schools and the state sector. Private school pupils got cherrypicked for higher A-level results, with independent schools in England giving 70% of pupils top grades compared to 39% for comprehensive pupils. Lockdown saw rich families hire governesses while the poorest struggled without lessons; research by UCL found private-school pupils were five times more likely to get near-full-time teaching online than those in the state sector. In an era when kids on free school meals have lost months of learning because they can’t even afford the internet, giving tax breaks to private-school families feels particularly unjust.

The private school system is often spoken about by its proponents as if it were harmless, but advantage does not exist in a vacuum. Whether it’s siphoning off bright classmates and influential parents from the state sector, or depriving the state of resources through tax breaks, every leg up that private schools enjoy erodes the life chances of less lucky pupils. That is, after all, the point of them. Starmer’s move to frame ending private schools’ annual £1.7bn tax break as a way to fund the state sector is a useful narrative: tackling unfair advantage will mean a better education for all children.

Ending charitable status could be the beginning of a greater drive to tackle our two-tier education system. It will require more funding for struggling state schools, which have long been starved of resources, including catchup funds for working-class pupils who have fallen further behind during lockdown. It should also include help for pupils with special educational needs and disabilities (Send) who are facing ongoing cuts in support from underfunded local authorities. Parents of Send children who can afford it are too often forced to the private sector as their only hope, while lower-income families with disabled kids are simply left without. Reports this week that the chancellor, Rishi Sunak, will hit the education budget hardest in the spending review, including giving only “minimal” support for children who have struggled through the pandemic, hardly bodes well.

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Any attempt to make education fairer must also look at wider society and the growing gulf between wealthy and poorer families. Economic inequalities outside the classroom need to be addressed, by reducing child poverty through higher wages and social security, and building affordable housing to stop children growing up in temporary, crowded homes. As long as some parents have enough income to pay Eton fees while others can’t afford to buy nutritious food, children in this country will never have anywhere close to a fair shot at getting ahead.

None of this will happen easily. Even the slightest attempts to tilt the balance towards state school pupils are too often greeted with hysteria from private schools. Those who are used to having a near-monopoly on university places, top jobs and power will not loosen their grip willingly. But progress, slowly but surely, has a way of breaking through.

The pandemic has brought home the unfairness of circumstance, that some families have so much and others so little through nothing more than a quirk of birth. In a society where life is so often rigged by class, education should be an escape route, not a way of entrenching unfair advantage. If there are sensible measures we can take to start treating pupils more fairly, they should surely be taken. You could call it the charitable thing to do (25).

ТЕКСТ 5.

Задание 1. Выполните реферативный перевод данной статьи. Прокомментируйте использованные приемы компрессии текста.

England’s new Covid measures still leave clinically vulnerable people out in the cold

Frances Ryan

Masks alone are not enough to protect those most at risk. Now millions are wondering how they’ll get through the winter ‘Introducing mandatory masks in shops and on public transport only brings England in line with what the other home nations have long been doing.’

Faux ruffled hair. Solemn tone. Boris Johnson’s emergency address this weekend about the new Omicron variant felt like a return to the old

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