Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Культура речевого общения на втором иностранном языке (французский язык). Часть II. Учебно-методическое пособие

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
11.08.2026
Размер:
507 Кб
Скачать

MXVTX¶HQ (XURSH GX 1RUG /¶(J\SWH TXDQW j OXL GpYHORSSDLW GHV pFKDQJHV BBBBBBBB DYHF OH /LEDQ /¶pFULWXUH HW OH FDOFXO UHQGLUHQW SOXV UDWLRQQHOOH OD BBBBBBBB GHV pFKDQJHV HW GHV IRUWHUHVVHV IXUHQW pOHYpHV SRXU JDUDQWLU OD VpFXULWp GHV IURQWLqUHV HW FRQWU{OHU OHV BBBBBBB

,; (QWRXUH] OH ERQ WHUPH

6HUJH WUDYDLOOH GDQV XQH JUDQGH HQWUHSULVH TXL IDLW SDUWLH G¶XQ PDLOODJH

FRQVRUWLXP ILOLDOH FRPSUHQDQW GHV HQWUHSULVHV QDWLRQDOHV HW LQWHUQDWLRQDOHV 'DQV VRQ VHUYLFH VHFWDULVPH VHFWHXU ± O¶DJUR DOLPHQWDLUH OD FRQFXUUHQFH FRWH WkFKH HVW UXGH 'HSXLV WURLV DQV VRQ HQWUHSULVH D XQ

FDSLWDO FKDQWLHU FKLIIUH G¶DIIDLUHV HQ KDXVVH 0DLV O¶HPEDXFKH HPEDUJRHWLTXHWDJH HVW UDUH j SHLQH XQH GL]DLQH G¶HPSOR\pV SDU DQ $XVVL 6HUJH WUDYDLOOH GXU SRXU FRQVHUYHU VRQ SRVWH G¶DERUG HQVXLWH SRXU KRQRUHU XQ

SUrW SODFHPHQW SUL[ TX¶LO D pYDOXp SHUoX FRQWUDFWp DXSUqV GH VD EDQTXH SRXU O¶DFKDW G¶XQH PDLVRQ 8Q DFKDW ILQDQFLqUHPHQW LQWpUHVVDQW VHORQ OXL FDU SRUWHXU j WHUPH G¶XQH IRUWH pSDUJQH SOXV YDOXH SULVH IHUPH PDLV TXL OH FRQWUDLQW j GHV WUDQVDFWLRQV VSpFXODWLRQV WUDLWHV PHQVXHOOHV FRQVpTXHQWHV 0DLV 6HUJH HVW FRQILDQW LO VDLW TX¶LO HVW XQ FRXUWLHU

LQYHVWLVVHXU VSpFXODWHXU DYLVp

; $VVRFLH] SRXU FRQVWLWXHU XQH SKUDVH FRPSOqWH

/HV DFWLRQV RQW SHUGX GH OD YDOHXU D VXU OH PDUFKp GHV FKDQJHV

/H SRXYRLU G¶DFKDW D EDLVVp E GHV VXEYHQWLRQV GH O¶(WDW

&HWWH HQWUHSULVH D GHV DFWLRQQDLUHV F HW OH QLYHDX GH YLH DXVVL

2Q D GpFLGp GH SULYDWLVHU G OHV YDOHXUV VRQW GRQF HQ EDLVVH

,O DQQRQFH OH FRXUV GX \HQ H HOOH HVW GRQF FRWpH HQ %RXUVH

&HWWH HQWUHSULVH UpFODPH I XQH HQWUHSULVH SXEOLTXH

 

 

'266,(5

/$ 9,( 32/,7,48(

&KRVH SXEOLTXH ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

RQWU{OH GH OD FRQVWLWXWLRQQDOLWp ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GHV DUPpHV ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

&KHI

 

 

 

 

'pVKpUHQFH I ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(OHFWLRQ I SRSXODLUH ±

 

 

 

 

 

(OHFWLRQV DQWLFLSpHV ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

(WDW GH GURLW ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

)DLUH UpIpUHQFH ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/LVWH I pOHFWRUDOH ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

/XWWH I LQWHVWLQH ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

6WDWXHU ±

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

/H V\VWqPH SROLWLTXH IUDQoDLV

*pQpUDOLWpV

3DU WUDGLWLRQ OHV )UDQoDLV IRQW SUHXYH G XQ LQWpUrW VRXWHQX SRXU OD FKRVH SXEOLTXH 'XUDQW OD UpYROXWLRQ O HVVRU GHV JD]HWWHV GHV FOXEV HW FHUFOHV WUDGXLW O pYHLO G XQH SDUWLH LPSRUWDQWH GH OD SRSXODWLRQ j OD SROLWLTXH MXVTXH Oj UpVHUYpH DX FHUFOH UHVWUHLQW GH O HQWRXUDJH GX PRQDUTXH / LQVWDXUDWLRQ GX VXIIUDJH GLUHFW HQ SHUPHW O H[SUHVVLRQ GHV RSLQLRQV SROLWLTXHV SDU OH YRWH 0DLV F HVW HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW VRXV OD ,,,H 5pSXEOLTXH ± TXH OHV )UDQoDLV VH VRQW IRUJp XQH YpULWDEOH FRQVFLHQFH SROLWLTXH j OD IDYHXU GH O HQUDFLQHPHQW GHV SDUWLV GH OD QDLVVDQFH GX V\QGLFDOLVPH HW JUkFH DX U{OH DFFUX GH OD SUHVVH &HOOH FL D FRQWULEXp j GLIIXVHU ODUJHPHQW OHV LGpRORJLHV GRPLQDQWHV HW OHV LGpHV QRXYHOOHV HW j OHV LQVFULUH GDQV OHV PHQWDOLWpV HQ SHUPHWWDQW DX[ FLWR\HQV GH SUHQGUH SDUW DX[ JUDQGV GpEDWV GH O pSRTXH VXU OD VpSDUDWLRQ GH O (JOLVH HW GH O (WDW SDU H[HPSOH RX VXU O $IIDLUH 'UH\IXV /HV LQVWLWXWLRQV OHV SDUWLV OHV PpGLDV QH VRQW SDV OHV VHXOV UHVSRQVDEOHV GH O DQLPDWLRQ GH OD YLH SROLWLTXH 7RXW FLWR\HQ \ FRQWULEXH GqV ORUV TX LO D DFTXLV XQH FRQVFLHQFH SROLWLTXH

)RQGHPHQWV KLVWRULTXHV

/D YLH SROLWLTXH IUDQoDLVH HVW SURIRQGpPHQW HQUDFLQpH GDQV OH SDVVp / LQVWDXUDWLRQ GX VXIIUDJH XQLYHUVHO HQ VRXV OD ,,H5pSXEOLTXH HVW

 

 

j O RULJLQH G XQH YLH SROLWLTXH LQWHQVH HW ULFKH &HWWH SRVVLELOLWp GRQQpH DX SHXSOH G H[HUFHU VD VRXYHUDLQHWp D SHUPLV j FKDTXH )UDQoDLV GH VH VHQWLU SOHLQHPHQW FLWR\HQ PHPEUH GX FRUSV VRFLDO HW SDUWLH SUHQDQWH GHV GpFLVLRQV SROLWLTXHV ' DXWUHV PHVXUHV SULVHV SDU O $VVHPEOpH FRQVWLWXDQWH pOXH HQ HQFRXUDJHQW O HVVRU GH O DFWLRQ FLWR\HQQH O DEROLWLRQ GH OD SHLQH GH PRUW SRXU PRWLI SROLWLTXH O DIILUPDWLRQ GH OD OLEHUWp GH OD SUHVVH HW OD OLEHUWp GH WHQLU GHV UpXQLRQV SXEOLTXHV

/D ,,,H 5pSXEOLTXH D HQVXLWH MRXp XQ U{OH HVVHQWLHO HOOH D DQFUp SURJUHVVLYHPHQW O LGpH UpSXEOLFDLQH GDQV OHV PHQWDOLWpV IUDQoDLVHV 6D ORQJpYLWp \ D pWp SRXU EHDXFRXS &UkFH j HOOH OD 5pSXEOLTXH OH UpJLPH UpSXEOLFDLQ D FHVVp G rWUH DX[ \HX[ GH FHUWDLQV )UDQoDLV VHQVLEOHV DX[ LGpHV FRQWUH UpYROXWLRQQDLUHV FRPPH XQ IDFWHXU GH WURXEOHV HW XQH PHQDFH SRXU OD SDL[ FLYLOH

3HX j SHX DLQVL TXH O DYDLW GHYLQp 7KLHUV OD 5pSXEOLTXH SDUOHPHQWDLUH IRQGpH VXU OD OpJLWLPLWp GpPRFUDWLTXH GX VXIIUDJH XQLYHUVHO V LPSRVH FRPPH OH UpJLPH SROLWLTXH /D ,,,H 5pSXEOLTXH HVW HQ HIIHW SRUWHXVH GH FHUWDLQHV YDOHXUV DX[TXHOOHV OHV )UDQoDLV VH VRQW PLV j FURLUH DYHF IHUYHXU OD IRL HQ O pFROH HQ OD GpPRFUDWLH HQ OD SDWULH FRQVWLWXH GqV ORUV OH FUpGR UpSXEOLFDLQ

7RXWHIRLV DORUV TXH MXVTX HQ OD ,,,H 5pSXEOLTXH HVW YpULWDEOHPHQW OD UpSXEOLTXH GHV FLWR\HQV HOOH WHQG SDU OD VXLWH j GHYHQLU XQH VLPSOH 5pSXEOLTXH GHV SDUOHPHQWDLUHV / DEVHQFH GHV JRXYHUQHPHQWV TXL VRLHQW YpULWDEOHPHQW O H[SUHVVLRQ G XQH PDMRULWp FRKpUHQWH HW O LQFHVVDQW MHX GHV DOOLDQFHV HW GHV FRDOLWLRQV FRPPHQFHQW j VpSDUHU OH FLWR\HQ GH O H[HUFLFH GX SRXYRLU OH U{OH GHV SDUWLV HW GHV IRUPDWLRQV SROLWLTXHV V DFFURvW

$YDQW OD )UDQFH QH FRQQDvW SDV HQ IDLW GH YpULWDEOHV SDUWLV ,OV DSSDUDLVVHQW SHX j SHX PDLV UHVWHQW IRUW PRGHVWHV HQ FRPSDUDLVRQ GH FH TX LOV UHSUpVHQWHQW GDQV G DXWUHV GpPRFUDWLHV RFFLGHQWDOHV $SUqV OD 3UHPLqUH JXHUUH PRQGLDOH OHXU U{OH V DIILUPH 2XWUH OHV FHUFOHV OHV VRFLpWpV GH OHFWXUH RX G LQVWUXFWLRQ OHV UpXQLRQV SXEOLTXHV HW OHV EDQTXHWV UpSXEOLFDLQV OH FDIp HW O HQWUHSULVH VRQW GHV OLHX[ SULYLOpJLpV GH OD YLH SROLWLTXH $X FDIp OHV GLVFXVVLRQV V HQJDJHQW j OD IDYHXU GH OD OHFWXUH GHV MRXUQDX[ R• VRQW GLIIXVpHV OHV LGpHV SROLWLTXHV FRQWULEXDQW j O pFKDQJH GHV SRLQWV GH YXH HW j O DQLPDWLRQ GHV GpEDWV / HQWUHSULVH HW HQ SDUWLFXOLHU O XVLQH MRXH DXVVL XQ U{OH GH VRFLDOLVDWLRQ HW G pYHLO GH OD FRQVFLHQFH FLWR\HQQH SDU OH ELDLV GX V\QGLFDOLVPH TXL UpSDQG GDQV OHV PLOLHX[ RXYULHUV OHV LGpHV SROLWLTXHV HW QRWDPPHQW O LGpRORJLH PDU[LVWH

$SUqV OD 6HFRQGH *XHUUH PRQGLDOH OD ,9H 5pSXEOLTXH ±

VH FDUDFWpULVH SDU XQH JUDQGH LQVWDELOLWp /D /LEpUDWLRQ OH GURLW GH YRWH DFFRUGp DX[ IHPPHV HW OD FRQGDPQDWLRQ SDU OH JpQpUDO GH *DXOOH GX

 

 

UpJLPH GHV SDUWLV GH OD ,,,H 5pSXEOLTXH IRQW QDvWUH GH JUDQGV HVSRLUV TXL UHSRVHQW VXU GHV SDUWLV UpQRYpV SRUWHXUV G LGpRORJLHV QRXYHOOHV FDSDEOHV GH PRUDOLVHU OD YLH SXEOLTXH HW GRQW OD PDMRULWp GHV FDGUHV VRQW GHV ILJXUHV GH OD 5pVLVWDQFH &HV HVSRLUV VRQW GpoXV 7URS QRPEUHX[ EXUHDXFUDWLVpV RX DX FRQWUDLUH WRWDOHPHQW GpSRXUYXV GH VWUXFWXUHV GLYLVpV HW GpVWDELOLVpV SDU GHV OXWWHV LQWHVWLQHV HQWUH GHV SHUVRQQHV RX HQWUH GHV FRXUDQWV OHV SDUWLV SROLWLTXHV G DORUV QH VH PRQWUHQW MDPDLV j OD KDXWHXU GH OD VLWXDWLRQ / pFKHF GH OD ,9H 5pSXEOLTXH HVW DXVVL OH OHXU

,QVWLWXWLRQV IUDQoDLVHV

*pQpUDOLWpV

/HV LQVWLWXWLRQV GH OD 9H 5pSXEOLTXH FRQVWLWXHQW XQ DVVHPEODJH RULJLQDO G XQ UpJLPH SDUOHPHQWDLUH UHQIRUFp G XQ SRXYRLU SUpVLGHQWLHO VRXGpV O XQ j O DXWUH SDU O DXWRULWp VXSpULHXUH GX SHXSOH VRXYHUDLQ

'X UpJLPH SDUOHPHQWDLUH FDUDFWpULVp SDU OD UHVSRQVDELOLWp GX JRXYHUQHPHQW GHYDQW O $VVHPEOpH OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ GH D IDLW XQ V\VWqPH FRQWU{Op GX IDLW GX UHQIRUFHPHQW GX SRXYRLU DXWRQRPH GX JRXYHUQHPHQWTXL UHPSODFH VLJQLIwFDWLYHPHQW O¶H[pFXWLI DXTXHO IDLVDLHQW UpIpUHQFH OHV FRQVWLWXWLRQV DQWpULHXUHV GH OD PDvWULVH SDU FHOXL FL GH WRXWH OD SURFpGXUH SDUOHPHQWDLUH GH OD SUpVRPSWLRQ GH PDMRULWp SDUOHPHQWDLUH HQ IDYHXU GX JRXYHUQHPHQW

'X SRXYRLU SUpVLGHQWLHO FDUDFWpULVp LQLWLDOHPHQW SDU OHV SRXYRLUV GH FULVH GLVVROXWLRQ GH O $VVHPEOpH UpIpUHQGXP HQ SDVVDQW SDU XQ SRXYRLU SDUWDJp DYHF OH JRXYHUQHPHQW GRQW OH SUpVLGHQW QRPPH OH 3UHPLHU PLQLVWUH HW SUpVLGH OH &RQVHLO GHV PLQLVWUHV HW HQ ILQLVVDQW SDU OD QRPLQDWLRQ DX[ SULQFLSDX[ HPSORLV FLYLOV PLOLWDLUHV HW GLSORPDWLTXHV O pOHFWLRQ SRSXODLUH GX FKHI GH O pWDW D IDLW OH SRXYRLU GRPLQDQW VL OH SUpVLGHQW GLVSRVH G XQH PDMRULWp j O $VVHPEOpH / pOpPHQW GpFLVLI GH OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ VXUWRXW GX IDLW GH OD SUDWLTXH JDXOOLHQQH HW GH OD UpYLVLRQ GH LQWURGXLVDQW O pOHFWLRQ GX SUpVLGHQW SDU OH SHXSOH HVW HQ HIIHW OH UHPSODFHPHQW GH OD VRXYHUDLQHWp SDUOHPHQWDLUH DYDQW SDU OD VRXYHUDLQHWp SRSXODLUH (Q HIIHW F HVW OH SHXSOH TXL YRWH OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ HW VHV UpYLVLRQV HQ FRQVHLOODQW DLQVL OH SUpVLGHQW F HVW OXL TXL WUDQFKH SDU UpIpUHQGXP VXU OHV SUREOqPHV LQVWLWXWLRQQHOV HW OHV JUDQGHV UpIRUPHV VRFLDOHV F HVW OH SHXSOH TXL pOLW OHV SULQFLSDX[ RUJDQHV GH O (WDW $VVHPEOpH 3UpVLGHQW F HVW OH SHXSOH TXL WUDQFKH OHV FRQIOLWV HQWUH OH SUpVLGHQW HW O $VVHPEOpH ORUVTX LO \ D GLVVROXWLRQ GH FHWWH GHUQLqUH HW pOHFWLRQV DQWLFLSpHV &HWWH FRQFHSWLRQ H[SOLTXH TXH OH VFUXWLQ PDMRULWDLUH DLW pWp FKRLVL HQ j OD SODFH GH OD UHSUpVHQWDWLRQ SURSRUWLRQQHOOH

 

 

$ FHWWH VRXYHUDLQHWp SRSXODLUH VH FRPELQH O (WDW GH GURLW 'HSXLV

OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ HVW YUDLPHQW DX VRPPHW GH OD KLpUDUFKLH GHV QRUPHV MXULGLTXHV HW SRXU OD SUHPLqUH IRLV GDQV O KLVWRLUH GH OD )UDQFH XQ FRQWU{OH GH OD FRQVWLWXWLRQQDOLWp HVW LQVWLWXp

/ pOHFWLRQ GH -DFTXHV &KLUDF j OD SUpVLGHQFH GH OD 5pSXEOLTXH HQ PDL

VHPEODLW DYRLU PDUTXpH OH UHWRXU j OD SUDWLTXH SUpVLGHQWLDOLVWH GH OD 9H 5pSXEOLTXH DSUqV XQH GpFHQQLH ± FDUDFWpULVpH SDU GHX[ SpULRGHV GH FRKDELWDWLRQ ± HW ± R• OH SRXYRLU SUpVLGHQWLHO VXLYDQW OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ DYDLW ODLVVp j OD PDMRULWp SDUOHPHQWDLUH HW j VRQ OHDGHU OH 3UHPLHU PLQLVWUH OD JHVWLRQ HIIHFWLYH GH O (WDW $SSX\p SDU OD PDMRULWp GH GURLWH pOXH HQ PDUV HW SDU OHV FRQVHUYDWHXUV GX 6pQDW -DFTXHV &KLUDF VH UHQGDLW FRPSWH TXH OHV pOHFWLRQV OpJLVODWLYHV GH

VHUDLHQW GLIILFLOHV GX IDLW GH O LPSRSXODULWp GX JRXYHUQHPHQW G $ODLQ -XSSp DSUqV OHV JUDQGHV JUqYHV GH QRYHPEUH GpFHPEUH HW GH OD GLIILFXOWp j UDVVHPEOHU XQH GURLWH HQFRUH PDUTXpH SDU O DIIURQWHPHQW HQWUH -DFTXHV &KLUDF HW (GRXDUG %DOODGXU ORUV GH OD FDPSDJQH SUpVLGHQWLHOOH

/D GLVVROXWLRQ GH O $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH OH DYULO pWDLW G DXWDQW SOXV LQDWWHQGXH \ FRPSULV FKH] VHV SDUWLVDQV 0DO FRQGXLWH IDFH j XQH RSSRVLWLRQ TXL QH FUR\DLW SDV j VD YLFWRLUH OD FDPSDJQH pOHFWRUDOH V HVW FRQFOXH SDU OD YLFWRLUH GH OD JDXFKH PHQpH SDU O DGYHUVDLUH GH -DFTXHV &KLUDF HQ DX[ pOHFWLRQV SUpVLGHQWLHOOHV OH VRFLDOLVWH /LRQHO -RVSLQ &HOXL FL D pWp QDWXUHOOHPHQW LQYHVWL GH OD IRQFWLRQ GH 3UHPLHU PLQLVWUH j OD WrWH G XQH PDMRULWp ©SOXULHOOHª UDVVHPEODQW QRWDPPHQW OHV VRFLDOLVWHV OHV FRPPXQLVWHV HW OHV 9HUWV 8QH QRXYHOOH SpULRGH GH FRKDELWDWLRQ D GRQF FRPPHQFp &HWWH FRKDELWDWLRQ SHXW rWUH FDUDFWpULVpH FRPPH KDELOH SDV GH FRQIOLWV SXEOLFV DYHF OH SUpVLGHQW DYDQW RFWREUH PDLV OD GpIHQVH GH WRXWHV VHV SUpURJDWLYHV \ FRPSULV GDQV OH GRPDLQH LQWHUQDWLRQDO (Q PHQDQW XQH SROLWLTXH VRFLDO GpPRFUDWH WRXW HQ JDUGDQW XQH LPDJH GH JDXFKH /LRQHO -RVSLQ D UpXVVL j UDVVXUHU VRQ pOHFWRUDW VDQV HIIUD\HU FHOXL GH OD GURLWH

$SUqV FHV TXHOTXHV UHPDUTXHV SUpOLPLQDLUHV QRXV DOORQV QRXV SHQFKHU SOXV DWWHQWLYHPHQW VXU OH SD\VDJH SROLWLTXH GH OD 5pSXEOLTXH )UDQoDLVH

/H SDUWDJH GHV SRXYRLUV HQ WDQW TXH EDVH GX UpJLPH UpSXEOLFDLQ

/H SDUWDJH GHV WURLV SRXYRLUV OpJLVODWLI H[pFXWLI HW MXGLFLDLUH FRQVWLWXH OD EDVH SULQFLSDOH GH WRXW UpJLPH SROLWLTXH TXL VH YHXW GpPRFUDWLTXHUpSXEOLFDLQ

/D &RQVWLWXWLRQ GH PRGLILpH HQ SXLV HQ UqJOH O¶RUJDQLVDWLRQ GHV SRXYRLUV VRXV OD 9 5HSXEOLTXH

 

 

3RXYRLU H[pFXWLI

&H SRXYRLU HVW SDUWDJp HQWUH OH SUpVLGHQW HW OH SUHPLHU PLQLVWUH

/H SUpVLGHQW HVW OH FKHI GH O (WDW ,, HVW pOX DX VXIIUDJH XQLYHUVHO GLUHFW SRXU FLQT DQV SDU O¶HQVHPEOH GHV )UDQoDLV ,O UpVLGH DX SDODLV GH O¶(O\VpH ,O YHLOOH DX IRQFWLRQQHPHQW UpJXOLHU GH O¶(WDW DX UHVSHFW GH O¶LQGpSHQGDQFH QDWLRQDOH HW GHV WUDLWpV ,O QRPPH OH 3UHPLHU PLQLVWUH HW SUpVLGH OH &RQVHLO GHV PLQLVWUHV HW SHXW GLVVRXGUH O $VVHPEOpH 1DWLRQDOH ,O SHXW DXVVL VRXPHWWUH DX UpIpUHQGXP FHUWDLQV SURMHWV GH ORL ,O HVW OH FKHI GHV DUPpHV FRQGXLW OD SROLWLTXH H[WpULHXUH HW QRPPH OHV DPEDVVDGHXUV HW HQ FDV GH FULVH JUDYH SHXW GLVSRVHU GHV SOHLQV SRXYRLUV

/H JRXYHUQHPHQW ± F¶HVW j GLUH O¶HQVHPEOH GHV PLQLVWUHV ± DYHF j VD WrWH OH 3UHPLHU PLQLVWUH FRQGXLW OD SROLWLTXH GH OD QDWLRQ ,O D VRXV VRQ DXWRULWp O¶DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ OD SROLFH HW O¶DUPpH &RPPH OH SUHPLHU PLQLVWUH HVW UHVSRQVDEOH GHYDQW O¶$VVHPEOpH 1DWLRQDOH VD ©FRXOHXU SROLWLTXHª HVW OD PrPH TXH FHOOH GH O $VVHPEOpH 6HORQ OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ OH 3UpVLGHQW QH SHXW UpYRTXHU OH SUHPLHU PLQLVWUH PDLV LO SHXW O LQFLWHU j GpPLVVLRQQHU /HV PLQLVWUHV WUDYDLOOHQW DX VHLQ GX &RQVHLO GHV 0LQLVWUHV

3RXYRLU OpJLVODWLI

/H SRXYRLU OpJLVODWLI HVW DVVXUp SDU OH 3DUOHPHQW TXL VH FRPSRVH GH GHX[ FKDPEUHV O $VVHPEOpH 1DWLRQDOH &KDPEUH %DVVH &KDPEUH GHV 'pSXWpV HW OH 6pQDW &KDPEUH +DXWH +DXWH $VVHPEOpH

/ $VVHPEOpH 1DWLRQDOH

/HV 'pSXWpV \ VRQW pOXV DX VXIIUDJH XQLYHUVHO GLUHFW SRXU XQH GXUpH GH

DQV ©OpJLVODWXUH ª 7RXW FLWR\HQ HVW pOLJLEOH GqV O kJH GH DQV /HV pOHFWHXUV FKRLVLVVHQW XQ GpSXWp RX XQH GpSXWpH SDU FLUFRQVFULSWLRQ FKDTXH GpSDUWHPHQW pWDQW GLYLVp HQ SOXVLHXUV FLUFRQVFULSWLRQV DX PRLQV GHX[ %LHQ TX pOX GDQV XQH FLUFRQVFULSWLRQ OH GpSXWp UHSUpVHQWH j O $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH O HQVHPEOH GH OD 1DWLRQ ,O HVW WLWXODLUH G XQ PDQGDW UHSUpVHQWDWLI QDWLRQDO ,, DJLW DX QRP GH WRXV OHV FLWR\HQV HW LO YRWH OD ORL DSSOLTXDEOH j WRXV

/H GpSXWp WUDYDLOOH GDQV VD FLUFRQVFULSWLRQ HW j O $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH FKDTXH GpSXWp DSSDUWLHQW j XQH GHV VL[ FRPPLVVLRQV SHUPDQHQWHV

x FRPPLVVLRQ GHV DIIDLUHV FXOWXUHOOHV IDPLOLDOHV HW VRFLDOHV x FRPPLVVLRQ GHV DIIDLUHV pWUDQJqUHV

x FRPPLVVLRQ GH OD GpIHQVH

 

 

x FRPPLVVLRQ GHV ILQDQFHV x FRPPLVVLRQ GHV ORLV

x FRPPLVVLRQ GH OD SURGXFWLRQ

/HV GpSXWpV IRQW pJDOHPHQW SDUWLH ± SRXU OD WUqV JUDQGH PDMRULWp HQWUH HX[ ± G XQ JURXSH SDUOHPHQWDLUH S H OH JURXSH VRFLDOLVWH OH JURXSH 5 3 55DVVHPEOHPHQW SRXU OD 5pSXEOLTXH OH JURXSH 8 ' ) 8QLRQ SRXU OD GpPRFUDWLH IUDQoDLVH OH JURXSH ' / 'pPRFUDWLH OLEpUDOH OH JURXSH FRPPXQLVWH

/ $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH GDQV OHV LQVWLWXWLRQV

/ $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH SDUWLFLSH DYHF OH 6pQDW DX[ GHX[ PLVVLRQV HVVHQWLHOOHV GX SDUOHPHQW OH YRWH GH OD ORL HW OH FRQWU{OH GH O DFWLRQ GX *RXYHUQHPHQW /HV GHX[ DVVHPEOpHV H[HUFHQW FRQMRLQWHPHQW OH SRXYRLU OpJLVODWLI 'DQV FH FDGUH HOOHV H[DPLQHQW VXFFHVVLYHPHQW OHV SURMHWV HW SURSRVLWLRQV GH ORL TXL VRQW WUDQVPLV GH O XQH j O DXWUH MXVTX j FH TXH OHV WH[WHV VRLHQW DGRSWpV GDQV OHV PrPHV WHUPHV F HVW TX RQ DSSHOOH ©OD QDYHWWH SDUOHPHQWDLUHª 6L OD FRQFLOLDWLRQ VH UpYqOH LPSRVVLEOH DSUqV O LQWHUYHQWLRQ G XQH FRPPLVVLRQ PL[WH SDULWDLUH FRPSRVpH GH GpSXWpV HW GH VpQDWHXUV OH *RXYHUQHPHQW SHXW GHPDQGHU j O $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH GH VWDWXHU HQ OXL GRQQDQW ©OH GHUQLHU PRWª

' DXWUHV SURFpGXUHV SHUPHWWHQW SDU DLOOHXUV DX[ GpSXWpV G H[HUFHU OHXU FRQWU{OH GpEDW VXU GHV GpFODUDWLRQV GX *RXYHUQHPHQW TXHVWLRQV RUDOHV HW TXHVWLRQV pFULWHV FUpDWLRQ GH FRPPLVVLRQV G HQTXrWH PLVVLRQV G LQIRUPDWLRQ UpDOLVpHV SDU OHV FRPPLVVLRQV SHUPDQHQWHV WUDYDX[ UpDOLVpV SDU OHV GpOpJDWLRQV HW ©RIILFHV SDUOHPHQWDLUHVª

/D UHVSRQVDELOLWp SROLWLTXH GX *RXYHUQHPHQW F HVW j GLUH OD PLVH HQ FDXVH GH VRQ H[LVWHQFH QH SHXW rWUH HQJDJpH TXH GHYDQW O $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH (OOH SHXW O rWUH VRLW j O RFFDVLRQ G XQH GpFODUDWLRQ GH SROLWLTXH JpQpUDOH VXU ODTXHOOH OH 3UHPLHU PLQLVWUH GHPDQGH XQ YRWH GH FRQILDQFH j O $VVHPEOpH VRLW j O RFFDVLRQ GX YRWH G XQH PRWLRQ GH FHQVXUH GpSRVpH SDU OH GL[LqPH GHV GpSXWpV

/ $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH HW OH 6pQDW SHXYHQW rWUH FRQYRTXpV HQ &RQJUqV j 9HUVDLOOHV SRXU VH SURQRQFHU VXU OHV SURMHWV GH UpYLVLRQ GH OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ

/H 6pQDW

/HV 6pQDWHXUV VRQW pOXV DX VXIIUDJH LQGLUHFW SDU OHV GpSXWpV HW OHV UHSUpVHQWDQWV GHV FROOHFWLYLWpV ORFDOHV / kJH GH O pOLJLELOLWp HVW GH DQV

 

 

/HV VpQDWHXUV VRQW pOXV SRXU XQH GXUpH GH DQV ,OV VRQW UHQRXYHODEOHV SDU WLHUV WRXV OHV WURLV DQV

/D VWDELOLWp FDUDFWpULVH OD IRQFWLRQ GH VpQDWHXU PRLQV GLUHFWHPHQW VHQVLEOHV TXH OHV GpSXWpV DX[ FRXUDQWV SROLWLTXHV OHV VpQDWHXUV RQW HQ RXWUH OH WHPSV G DFTXpULU XQH JUDQGH H[SpULHQFH SDUOHPHQWDLUH GH VH VSpFLDOLVHU HW GH FRQFHYRLU GHV DFWLRQV j ORQJ WHUPH ,OV RQW XQH ERQQH FRQQDLVVDQFH GHV SUREOqPHV GHV FROOHFWLYLWpV ORFDOHV TX LOV VRQW QRWDPPHQW FKDUJpV GH UHSUpVHQWHU $XVVL OH 6pQDW FRPSRUWH W LO XQH WUqV IRUWH SURSRUWLRQ G pOXV ORFDX[ SOXV GH OD PRLWLp GHV VpQDWHXUV VRQW PDLUHV SUqV GHV GHX[ WLHUV RQW XQ PDQGDW GpSDUWHPHQWDO RX UpJLRQDO HW GpSDUWHPHQWV RQW XQ FRQVHLO JpQpUDO SUpVLGp SDU XQ VpQDWHXU

/D UpYLVLRQ GH OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ

7RXWHIRLV GDQV XQ GRPDLQH WUqV LPSRUWDQW OH 6pQDW HVW GDQV XQH VLWXDWLRQ GH WRWDOH pJDOLWp DYHF O¶$VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH ORUVTX¶LO V¶DJLW GH OD PRGLILFDWLRQ GH OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ 'DQV OH FDV G¶XQ SURMHW GH UpYLVLRQ FRQVWLWXWLRQQHOOH OD QDYHWWH VH SRXUVXLW MXVTX¶j O¶DGRSWLRQ G¶XQ WH[WH LGHQWLTXH SRXU OHV GHX[ DVVHPEOpHV &HOD YHXW GLUH TXH OH *RXYHUQHPHQW QH SHXW SDVVHU RXWUH j O¶RSSRVLWLRQ GX 6pQDW

/HV DXWUHV LQVWLWXWLRQV GH OD YLH SROLWLTXH VRQW

x OH &RQVHLO FRQVWLWXWLRQQHO PHPEUHV TXL YHLOOH j OD FRQVWLWXWLRQQDOLWp GHV ORLV

x OH &RQVHLO pFRQRPLTXH HW VRFLDO PHPEUHV TXL HVW FRVXOWp VXU OHV SURMHWV GH ORL HW VXU OHV SUREOqPHV pFRQRPLTXHV HW VRFLHX[

x OH &RQVHLO G¶(WDW TXL H[DPLQH OHV WH[WHV GH ORL SHQGDQW OHXU UpGDFWLRQ HW FRQVHLOOH OH JRXYHUQHPHQW LO GLW DXVVL OH GURLW TXDQG LO \ D FRQIOLW HQWUH XQ FLWR\HQ HW XQH DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ

/HV 3DUWLV SROLWLTXHV

5HFRQQXV RIILFLHOOHPHQW SRXU OD SUHPLqUH IRLV SDU OD &RQVWLWXWLRQ GH

OHV SDUWLV SROLWLTXHV RQW GH WRXW WHPSV IDLW XQH PDXYDLVH LPSUHVVLRQ VXU OHV )UDQoDLV ,OV H[SULPHQW XQH PpILDQFH DQFHVWUDOH HQYHUV OHXUV DFWLYLWpV 3UqV GH GHV SHUVRQQHV LQWHUURJpHV GpFODUHQW ©DYRLU SOXW{W SDV FRQILDQFH GDQV OHV SDUWLV SROLWLTXHVª &HWWH DWWLWXGH HQJHQGUH TXHOTXHV FRQVpTXHQFHV LPSRUWDQWHV /D SUHPLqUH HVW OD IDLEOHVVH WUDGLWLRQQHOOH GHV SDUWLV IUDQoDLV &RPSDUpV DX[ SDUWLV HXURSpHQV DOOHPDQGV LWDOLHQV DQJODLV QRWDPPHQW LOV RQW WRXMRXUV pWp j JDXFKH FRPPH j GURLWH GH SHWLWHV RUJDQLVDWLRQV VDQV EDVH PLOLWDQWH LPSRUWDQWH HW VRQW SOXV IUDSSpV TXH FHX[ Oj

 

 

SDU OH UHFXO GH O HQJDJHPHQW SROLWLTXH & HVW SRXU FHWWH UDLVRQ TXH SHQGDQW ORQJWHPSV OH 3DUWL FRPPXQLVWH IUDQoDLV OH 3&) D pWp OH VHXO ©YUDL ª SDUWL RUJDQLVp JUkFH j VHV FHOOXOHV ORFDOHV HW UXUDOHV VXU O HQVHPEOH GX WHUULWRLUH FDSDEOH G XQH DFWLYLWp PLOLWDQWH TXRWLGLHQQH HW VROLGHPHQW LQVpUp GDQV OD FODVVH RXYULqUH JUkFH j VHV FHOOXOHV G HQWUHSULVH HW VHV OLHQV DYHF OD &RQIpGpUDWLRQ JpQpUDOH GX WUDYDLO OD &*7 /D FULVH TXL DIIHFWH OH 3&) GHSXLV OD ILQ GHV DQQpHV VRL[DQWH GL[ FRPPH O HIIRQGUHPHQW SOXV UpFHQW GX PRGqOH FRPPXQLVWH D WRXWHIRLV ODUJHPHQW UpGXLW FHWWH SDUWLFXODULWp ' DXWUH SDUW OHV SDUWLV IUDQoDLV GHYLHQQHQW GH SOXV HQ SOXV GHV SDUWLV GH QRWDEOHV HW G pOXV TXL V DQLPHQW HQ SpULRGH pOHFWRUDOHV ORUVTX LO V DJLW GH VpOHFWLRQQHU OH SHUVRQQHO SROLWLTXH HW GH FRQYDLQFUH O pOHFWHXU VXU OH FDWDORJXH GH ERQQHV LQWHQWLRQV / DEVHQFH GHV GpEDWV SROLWLTXHV PHQpV SDU OHV SDUWLV ©FODVVLTXHVª D SRXU FRQVpTXHQFH OD GpVKpUHQFH G XQH ODUJH IUDFWLRQ GH O RSLQLRQ &HOD IDFLOLWH O pPHUJHQFH GH QRXYHOOHV RUJDQLVDWLRQV TXL EkWLVVHQW OHXU VXFFqV VXU O H[SORLWDWLRQ GH TXHVWLRQV SDUWLFXOLqUHV UpSXWpHV SOXV SURFKHV GHV LQGLYLGXV ± ©TXHVWLRQV HQMHX[ª LPPLJUDWLRQ SRXU OH )URQW QDWLRQDO SURWHFWLRQ GH O HQYLURQQHPHQW SRXU OHV 9HUWV

'HSXLV OD ILQ GHV DQQpHV TXDWUH YLQJW GL[ OH V\VWqPH GH SDUWLV SHXW rWUH FDUDFWpULVp j OD IRLV SDU VRQ pPLHWWHPHQW HW SDU VRQ LQVWDELOLWp $ FHWWH FDUDFWpULVWLTXH YLHQQHQW VH UDMRXWHU OHV HIIHWV GH OD GLVVROXWLRQ PDQTXpH GH

HW GHV UpJLRQDOHV GH TXL RQW DFFHQWXp OD FULVH GH OD GURLWH 3DU FRQWUH OD ©JDXFKH SOXULHOOHª HQ D REWHQX OD PDMRULWp GHV VLqJHV j O $VVHPEOpH QDWLRQDOH / pFODWHPHQW HW O LQVWDELOLWp GX V\VWqPH GH SDUWLV SURGXLVHQW j WRXW OH PRLQV OHV WUqV UDSLGHV FKDQJHPHQWV GH PDMRULWpV JRXYHUQHPHQWDOHV FRQQXHV GHSXLV HW OHV UpSpWLWLRQV GHV SpULRGHV GH FRKDELWDWLRQ

1RWRQV TXH OD GpPRFUDWLH HVW LQFRQFHYDEOH HQ O DEVHQFH GH OXWWH SROLWLTXH FHWWH GHUQLqUH pWDQW FRQVLGpUpH QRQ FRPPH XQH FRQIURQWDWLRQ DFKDUQpH HQWUH GHV IRUPDWLRQV GLDPpWUDOHPHQW RSSRVpHV QRQ FRPPH XQH OXWWH LGpRORJLTXH LUUpFRQFLOLDEOH PDLV FRPPH GHV UHFKHUFKHV GH FRPSURPLV HQWUH OHV LQWpUrWV GH GLIIpUHQWHV FRXFKHV VRFLDOHV /D SUpVHQFH GH SOXVLHXUV SDUWLV j WHQGDQFHV GLIIpUHQWHV VXU O DUqQH SROLWLTXH GH OD )UDQFH DVVXUH OH FDUDFWqUH UpSXEOLFDLQ GH VRQ UpJLPH SDU OH IDLW PrPH TXH VHV WHQGDQFHV V pTXLOLEUHQW JUkFH DX SOXULSDUWLVPH 3UpFLVRQV DXVVL TXH OH FKDPS SROLWLTXH IUDQoDLV SHXW rWUH VXEGLYLVp HQ WURLV YHFWHXUV OD JDXFKH OH FHQWUH HW OD GURLWH

/D 9H 5pSXEOLTXH D LQVWDXUp OHV WURLV IDFWHXUV VXLYDQWV

OH QRPEUH GH SDUWLV TXL MRXHQW XQ U{OH WDQW VRLW SHX LPSRUWDQW GDQV OD YLH SROLWLTXH

OHXU LQIOXHQFH VXU OHV pOHFWHXUV

 

 

OHXU UHSUpVHQWDWLYLWp DX VHLQ GX SRXYRLU OpJLVODWLI ± RQW VXEL GHV FKDQJHPHQWV GH WDLOOH DXTXHOV RQW FRQWULEXp FHV TXDWUH pYpQHPHQWV SULQFLSDX[

O LQVWDXUDWLRQ GH OD 9H 5pEXEOLTXH HW GH VHV QRQQHV FRQVWLWXWLRQQHOOHV SOXV ULJRXUHXVHV SDU UDSSRUW DX SDUWLV SROLWLTXHV

O DOWHUQDQFH DX SRXYRLU GH OD JDXFKH HW GH OD GURLWH j SDUWLU GH

DSUqV DQV G KpJpPRQLH GH OD GURLWH

OH GpFOLQ GX 3DUWL &RPPXQLVWH )UDQoDLV DSUqV VRQ DYqQHPHQW DX SRXYRLU HQ FH GpFOLQ D pWp DFFpOpUp SDU OD GpVDJUpJDWLRQ GHV UpJLPHV FRPPXQLVWHV HQ (XURSH HQ

OD SHUFpH VSHFWDFXODLUH GH O H[WUrPH GURLWH OH )URQW 1DWLRQDO HQ

HW HQVXLWH GHV (FRORJLVWHV OHV 9HUWV HQ

1pDQPRLQV OH V\VWqPH SOXULSDUWLWH GH OD )UDQFH Q D MDPDLV pWp UHPLV HQ FDXVH FDU FH V\VWqPH OXL pWDLW LQKpUHQW GqV OH PRPHQW RX OHV SDUWLV SROLWLTXHV RQW DSSDUX GDQV OH FDGUH GX GURLW GH YRWH XQLYHUVHO & HVW SRXU FHWWH UDLVRQ TXH GHV SROLWRORJXHV SUpWHQGHQW TX LO Q \ D SDV GH UDSSRUW GLUHFW HQWUH OHV FODVVHV VRFLDOHV HW OHV SDUWLV SROLWLTXHV FRUUHVSRQGDQWV 'DQV XQH FHUWDLQH PHVXUH LOV RQW UDLVRQ FDU OD ELSRODULVDWLRQ GH OD VRFLpWp HVW SUDWLTXHPHQW DEVHQWH &HSHQGDQW LO QH VHUDLW SDV UDLVRQQDEOH GH QLHU OH IDLW TXH OHV RXYULHUV RQW SOXW{W WHQGDQFH GH YRWHU j JDXFKH HW OHV SD\VDQV HW OHV FDWKROLTXHV SUpIqUHQW YRWHU j GURLWH

$ GURLWH GHX[ WHQGDQFHV GRPLQHQW

± XQH WHQGDQFH JDXOOLVWH OH 5DVVHPEOHPHQW SRXU OD 5pSXEOLTXH 535 TXL VH UpFODPH GHV LGpHV GX JpQpUDO GH *DXOOH LQGpSHQGDQFH QDWLRQDOH UDVVDPEOHPHQW GH WRXWHV OHV FDWpJRULHV VRFLDOHV LQWHUYHQWLRQ GH O¶(WDW GDQV OD YLH pFRQRPLTXH

± O¶DXWUH UDVVDPEOHPHQW j GURLWH O¶8QLRQ SRXU OD GpPRFUDWLH IUDQoDLVH8') UHJURXSH OHV WHQGDQFHV FKUpWLHQQHV VRFLDOHV HW OLEpUDOHV HXURSpHQQHV

± $ JDXFKH RQ WURXYH pJDOHPHQW GHX[ WUDGLWLRQV OD WUDGLWLRQ VRFLDOLVWH GpPRFUDWLTXH 3DUWL VRFLDOLVWH 36 HW OD WUDGLWLRQ PDU[LVWH OpQLQLVWH 3DUWL FRPPXQLVWH 3&

± OH 3DUWL VRFLDOLVWH TXL GRLW VRQ UHQRXYHDX j )UDQFRLV 0LWWHUUDQG UHJURXSH SOXVLHXUV WHQGDQFHV QDWLRQDOLVWH HW SODQLILFDWULFH HXURSpHQQH HW OLEpUDOH

± OH 3DUWL FRPPXQLVWH HVW HQ SHUWH GH SRSXODULWp HW Q¶D SOXV O¶LQIOXHQFH SROLWLTXH VRFLDOH HW LQWHOOHFWXHOOH TX¶LO DYDLW DXWUHIRLV

 

 

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]