Культура речевого общения на втором иностранном языке (французский язык). Часть II. Учебно-методическое пособие

/D )UDQFH PXOWLHWKQLTXH

/¶+H[DJRQH HVW GHYHQX XQ PHOWLQJ SRW 7RXWHV OHV QDWLRQDOLWpV GX PRQGH \ RQW WURXYp XQH SODFH 6DQV WRXMRXUV V¶LQWpJUHU PDLV HQ G\QDPLVDQW QRWUH VRFLpWp

/D SUHXYH TXH OD )UDQFH DX GHOj GHV GLVFRXUV pOHFWRUDX[ HVW SOXW{W ELHQ GLVSRVpH j OHXU pJDUG" (OOH DEDQGRQQH DX[ pWUDQJHUV OH FRHXU GH VHV YLOOHV VHV TXDUWLHUV PDUFKDQGV HW OHV DOHQWRXUV GH VHV JDUHV ¬ FKDTXH IRLV TXH VD ERXUJHRLVLH j 3DULV j 0DUVHLOOH RX j /\RQ FKRLVLW GH V¶pORLJQHU GHV FHQWUHV XUEDLQV SRXU XQ IDQWDVPH GH FDPSDJQH OHV PRLQV IUDQoDLV GHV UpVLGHQWV GH )UDQFH SUHQQHQW VD SODFH 'HV IHPPHV GHV KRPPHV QpV VRXYHQW DX SLHG GHV PLQDUHWV YLYHQW j O¶RPEUH GH FDWKpGUDOHV JRWKLTXHV ,OV GRSHQW UpYHLOOHQW ERXVFXOHQW GHV YLOOHV DXVVL YLHLOOHV TXH OD *DXOH RX OH 0R\HQ ÆJH 'DQV XQ SD\V GH FRXFKH W{W LOV WLUHQW OH MRXU YHUV OD QXLW GRQQHQW GH OD FRXOHXU j OD JULVDLOOH GX VRQ DX VLOHQFH ,OV SUHQQHQW OD UXH HW OXL UHQGHQW OD SDUROH OHV PDUFKpV HW QRXV UHQGHQW OD QRWLRQ GH SUR[LPLWp

'HSXLV O¶DUULYpH GHV ,WDOLHQV DYDQW JXHUUH LO HVW GHYHQX GpULVRLUH GH WHQWHU GH UDFRQWHU O¶KLVWRLUH GH )UDQFH VDQV \ PrOHU O¶KLVWRLUH GHV pWUDQJHUV GH )UDQFH

&HWWH KLVWRLUH Q¶HVW SDV IRUFpPHQW KDUPRQLHXVH 6RXYHQW OHV FRPPXQDXWpV V¶LJQRUHQW /HV FHQWUHV YLOOHV OHV ]RQHV SpUL XUEDLQHV GH FH SD\V PXOWLHWKQLTXH VRQW DXVVL GHV JKHWWRV PDJKUpELQV HW DVLDWLTXHV G¶R• LO HVW GLIILFLOH GH VRUWLU 'H VHV DUULYDQWV OD )UDQFH Q¶DLPH j SUHQGUH YUDLPHQW TXH OHXU PXVLTXH HW OHXU FXLVLQH (OOH UHQFRQWUH DXMRXUG¶KXL GHV GLIILFXOWpV j IDLUH GHV FLWR\HQV GH VHV MHXQHV )UDQoDLV LVVXV GH O¶LPPLJUDWLRQ

3RXUWDQW DYHF OH WHPSV %HOOHYLOOH j 3DULV HW %HOVXQFH j 0DUVHLOOH VRQW GHYHQXV GHV TXDUWLHUV ELHQ GH FKH] QRXV /D )UDQFH D ILQL SDU LQWpJUHU ± SDU QDLVVDQFH QDWXUDOLVDWLRQ VLPSOHPHQW SDU IDPLOLDULWp ± OHV SOXV DQFLHQQHV GH FHV SRSXODWLRQV /HV IDPLOOHV GH 3RUWXJDLV G¶(VSDJQROV HW G¶$OJpULHQV FRPSWHQW GpVRUPDLV GHV ILOV PrPH GHV SHWLWV ILOV TXL SHXYHQW DX PrPH WLWUH TXH OHV %UHWRQV RX OHV %DVTXHV VH UHYHQGLTXHU FRPPH OHV GHVFHQGDQWV GLUHFWV GH 9HUFLQJpWRUL[

,PPLJUDWLRQ OH SDUOHU YUDL

&RPPH SUHVTXH WRXWHV QRV JUDQGHV TXHUHOOHV QDWLRQDOHV FHOOH GH O LPPLJUDWLRQ SRVVqGH XQH FDUDFWpULVWLTXH RQ SDUOH EHDXFRXS HW RQ VDLW SHX &RQQDLVVRQV QRXV H[DFWHPHQW OH QRPEUH GHV pWUDQJHUV UpVLGDQW HQ )UDQFH" )DXW LO DUUrWHU O LPPLJUDWLRQ" /HV GpSDUWV IRUFpV RX YRORQWDLUHV VRQW LOV SOXV QRPEUHX[ DXMRXUG KXL TX KLHU" /D )UDQFH D W HOOH WUDKL VD PLVVLRQ GH ©WHUUH

G DVLOHª" &RPELHQ G pWUDQJHUV DFFqGHQW FKDTXH DQQpH j OD QDWLRQDOLWp IUDQoDLVH" < D W LO XQH GpOLQTXDQFH pWUDQJqUH VXSpULHXUH j OD PR\HQQH QDWLRQDOH" 3RXUTXRL OHV HQIDQWV G LPPLJUpV PrPH QpV IUDQoDLV VRXIIUHQW LOV G XQ pFKHF VFRODLUH SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW JUDYH" / LPPLJUDWLRQ HQ SURYHQDQFH G DXWUHV FRQWLQHQWV HVW HOOH YpFXH HQ )UDQFH DXWUHPHQW TXH GDQV OH UHVWH GH O (XURSH RFFLGHQWDOH"

$XWDQW GH TXHVWLRQV j SURSRV GHVTXHOOHV OD YpKpPHQFH GHV pFKDQJHV OH GLVSXWH RUGLQDLUHPHQW j O LJQRUDQFH GHV GRQQpHV 2Q D SX HQWHQGUH UpFHPPHQW XQ pPLQHQW KRPPH G pWDW WRXW j IDLW OLEpUDO GpFODUHU ©,O IDXW DUUrWHU O LPPLJUDWLRQª 2U O LPPLJUDWLRQ HVW DUUrWpH GHSXLV GDWH j ODTXHOOH OH JRXYHUQHPHQW D GpFLGp G LQWHUGLUH O HQWUpH HQ )UDQFH GH QRXYHDX[ WUDYDLOOHXUV pWUDQJHUV SHUPDQHQWV /HV VHXOHV HQWUpHV QRXYHOOHV DXWRULVpHV GHSXLV ORUV VRQW GXHV DX UHJURXSHPHQW IDPLOLDO RX DX[ GHPDQGHXUV G DVLOH SROLWLTXH /H SRXUFHQWDJH JOREDO G DXJPHQWDWLRQ GH OD SRSXODWLRQ pWUDQJqUH TXL pWDLW GH SDU DQ GH j HVW WRPEp j SDU DQ GH j

HW j GH j

2Q UpSRQGUD TXH O LPPLJUDWLRQ FODQGHVWLQH pFKDSSH j FHV VWDWLVWLTXHV 0DLV SRLQW EHVRLQ GH OD FODQGHVWLQLWp SRXU TXH OHV VWDWLVWLTXHV QDJHQW GDQV OH FKDRV (Q O ,QVWLWXW QDWLRQDO GH OD VWDWLVWLTXH HW GHV pWXGHV pFRQRPLTXHV ± O ,QVHH ± GpQRPEUH pWUDQJHUV HW OH PLQLVWqUH GH O ,QWpULHXU & HVW TXH O ,QVHH VH IRQGH VXU OHV UpVXOWDWV GX UHFHQVHPHQW GH FRPPH VL OHV IRUPXODLUHV pWDLHQW WRXV UHPSOLV HW UHWRXUQpV DYHF ]qOH HW H[DFWLWXGH HQ PLOLHX LPPLJUp TXH GDQV OHV DXWUHV 4XDQW DX[ EpQpILFLDLUHV GH O DVLOH SROLWLTXH LO \ HQ D HX HQ HW

HQ &RPPHQW j OD OHFWXUH GH FHV FKLIIUHV QH SDV ULUH DX[ DQDWKqPHV VWXSLGHV VXU OD )UDQFH GHYHQXH WHUUH GH O H[FOXVLRQ «!

1RQ TXH O LPPLJUDWLRQ HQ )UDQFH VRLW H[FHSWLRQQHOOH $YHF

G pWUDQJHUV GDQV OD SRSXODWLRQ QRXV VRPPHV GDQV OD PR\HQQH HXURSpHQQH 0DLV SOXVLHXUV IDFWHXUV DGGLWLIV DJJUDYHQW OHV WHQVLRQV OD VXUFRQFHQWUDWLRQ GDQV FHUWDLQV GpSDUWHPHQWV HW DYDQW WRXW GDQV OHV ]RQHV XUEDLQHV 6RQJHRQV TXH GHV pWUDQJHUV YLYHQW GDQV GHV YLOOHV GH SOXV GH KDELWDQWV HW VHXOHPHQW GHV )UDQoDLV ' R• TXDWUH FRQVpTXHQFHV ORJHPHQWV VXUSHXSOpV FK{PDJH DJJUDYp HQVHLJQHPHQW LQVXIILVDQW GpERXFKDQW VXU O pFKHF IRUWH GpOLQTXDQFH

' R• FHWWH LGpH FOHI TXH OH SUREOqPH LPPLJUp HQ )UDQFH Q HVW G DERUG TXH O DPSOLILFDWLRQ GHV KDQGLFDSV GH OD )UDQFH SDXYUH HQ JpQpUDO DX[TXHOV V DMRXWHQW GHV KDQGLFDSV VSpFLILTXHV GLIIpUHQWV VHORQ OHV SD\V G RULJLQH $XVVL OD YpULWDEOH OLJQH GH SDUWDJH QH SDVVH W HOOH SDV DYDQW WRXW HQWUH OHV UpVLGHQWV TXL RQW OD QDWLRQDOLWp IUDQoDLVH HW FHX[ TXL QH O RQW SDV (QWUH OHV

QDWXUDOLVDWLRQV HW OHV QDLVVDQFHV LO \ D QRXYHDX[ )UDQoDLV SDU DQ 0DLV FHOD QH YHXW SDV GLUH TX LOV QH FRQWLQXHURQW SDV j YLYUH SRXU DXWDQW GDQV OH FRQWH[WH LPPLJUp DYHF VHV GpVDYDQWDJHV pFRQRPLTXHV VRFLR FXOWXUHOV HW SV\FKRORJLTXHV / LPPLJUp ©H[LVWHQWLHOª SHXW IRUW ELHQ QH SDV rWUH pWUDQJHU HW GH QRPEUHX[ pWUDQJHUV UpVLGHQWV SHUPDQHQWV RX GH ORQJXH GXUpH QH SDUWDJHQW SDV GX WRXW OH PRGH GH YLH LPPLJUp

,O IDXW GRQF ©GpUDFLDOLVHUª OD TXHVWLRQ LPPLJUpH HW OD ©VRFLDOLVHUª UHWLUHU OH GRVVLHU DX[ YRFLIpUDWHXUV GH WRXV ERUGV SRXU OH VLWXHU HQILQ VXU VRQ WHUUDLQ SURSUH FHOXL GHV UpDOLWpV KXPDLQHV pFRQRPLTXHV HW FXOWXUHOOHV

5pSRQGH] DX[ TXHVWLRQV VXLYDQWHV

4XHOV VRQW OHV SUREOqPHV DVVRFLpV DX SUREOqPH GH O¶LPPLJUDWLRQ" (VW FH TX¶RQ SHXW GLUH TXH OHV pWUDQJHUV V¶LQWqJUHQW IDFLOHPHQW HQ )UDQFH"

4XH OH MRXUQDOLVWH YHXW LO GLUH SDU ©LO IDXW GRQF ³GpUDFLDOLVHU´ OD TXHVWLRQ LPPLJUpH HW OD ³VRFLDOLVHU´ª"

(VVD\H] GH UpSRQGUH DX[ TXHVWLRQV DX GpEXW GH O¶DUWLFOH

3RUWUDLWV GH IDPLOOH

/HV ORLV VXU OD FRQWUDFHSWLRQ VXU OH GLYRUFH SDU FRQVHQWHPHQW PXWXHO O¶,9* LQWHUUXSWLRQ YRORQWDLUH GH JURVVHVVH RQW WUDQVIRUPp O¶LPDJH HW OD YLH GX FRXSOH HW ERXOHYHUVp OHV UHSqUHV IDPLOLDX[

/D YLH GH FRXSOH HVW DXMRXUG¶KXL PDUTXpH SDU OD UHGpILQLWLRQ GHV U{OHV GH O¶KRPPH HW GH OD IHPPH &¶HVW OH UpVXOWDW GH O¶DXWRQRPLH VH[XHOOH HW SURIHVVLRQQHOOH FRQTXLVH SDU OHV IHPPHV $XMRXUG¶KXL SOXV GH GHV IHPPHV RQW XQH DFWLYLWp SURIHVVLRQQHOOH HW GDQV GHV FRXSOHV O¶KRPPH HW OD IHPPH WUDYDLOOHQW WRXV OHV GHX[

$LQVL GLVSDUDvW O¶LPDJH GH OD IHPPH DX IR\HU OHV WkFKHV VRQW GH SOXV HQ SOXV SDUWDJpHV HQWUH KRPPHV HW IHPPHV )DLUH OHV FRXUVHV OD YDLVVHOOH HPPHQHU OHV HQIDQWV j O¶pFROH RX IDLUH GX VSRUW VRQW DXWDQW GH WkFKHV TXH OHV IHPPHV SDUWDJHQW SRXU PRLWLp DYHF OHV KRPPHV FHX[ FL RQW SOXV GH GLIILFXOWpV j KDELOOHU OHV HQIDQWV RX j IDLUH OD FXLVLQH RX OH PpQDJH $LQVL TXDQG OD IHPPH SDVVH TXDWUH KHXUHV HW GHPL SDU MRXU j V¶RFFXSHU GX IR\HU O¶KRPPH QH OXL FRQVDFUH TXH GHX[ KHXUHV HW GHPL

/¶DXWUH LPDJH GX FRXSOH F¶HVW VD IUDJLOLWp 2Q FRPSWH DXMRXUG¶KXL SUHVTXH XQ GLYRUFH SRXU GHX[ PDULDJHV HW F¶HVW j 3DULV TX¶RQ GLYRUFH OH SOXV GHV FRXSOHV TXL GLYRUFHQW RQW GHV HQIDQWV &RPPHQFH DORUV SRXU OHV HQIDQWV OD YLH GHV ZHHN HQGV HW GHV YDFDQFHV SDUWDJpV HQWUH GHV SqUHV HW GHV PqUHV TXL DXURQW UHIDLW OHXU YLH FRQMXJDOH

/¶pWDW HW OD IDPLOOH

/D IDPLOOH D ORQJWHPSV pWp OD ELHQ DLPpH GH OD SROLWLTXH IUDQoDLVH )DFH j XQH )UDQFH TXL YLHLOOLVVDLW HW VH GpSHXSODLW O¶eWDW D PLV HQ SODFH XQH SROLWLTXH YRORQWDULVWH G¶R• XQH QHWWH DXJPHQWDWLRQ GHV QDLVVDQFHV F¶HVW FH TX¶RQ D DSSHOp DSUqV OD 6HFRQGH *XHUUH PRQGLDOH OH ©EDE\ ERRPª

&HWWH SROLWLTXH D G¶DERUG XQ DVSHFW ILQDQFLHU OHV DOORFDWLRQV IDPLOLDOHV VRQW XQH DLGH GLUHFWH GH O¶eWDW j SDUWLU GX GHX[LqPH HQIDQW /¶eWDW DFFRUGH pJDOHPHQW GHV UpGXFWLRQV G¶LPS{WV LPSRUWDQWHV SRXU OHV FRXSOHV DYHF HQIDQWV 3DU DLOOHXUV FHV IDPLOOHV EpQpILFLHQW GH UpGXFWLRQV GDQV OHV WUDQVSRUWV HQ FRPPXQ RX SRXU GHV DFWLYLWpV FXOWXUHOOHV (OOHV RQW DFFqV DX[ ERXUVHV G¶pWXGHV SRXU OHV HQIDQWV VL OHXUV VDODLUHV VRQW LQVXIILVDQWV

6XU OH SODQ VRFLDO O¶eWDW D VRXKDLWp TXH OHV PDWHUQLWpV QH VRLW SDV XQ KDQGLFDS SURIHVVLRQQHO SRXU OHV IHPPHV HOOHV QH SHUGHQW QL OHXU VDODLUH QL OHXU HPSORL SHQGDQW OHXU FRQJp PDWHUQLWp GH VHPDLQHV ¬ SDUWLU GX GHX[LqPH HQIDQW HOOHV SHXYHQW EpQpILFLHU G¶XQ FRQJp SDUHQWDO G¶XQ DQ UpPXQpUp SRXU pOHYHU OHXUV HQIDQWV eOHYHU XQ HQIDQW pWDQW XQ PpWLHU OHV IHPPHV TXL RQW pOHYp WURLV HQIDQWV HW TXL Q¶RQW SDV SX DYRLU XQH DFWLYLWp SURIHVVLRQQHOOH DXWUH RQW GURLW j XQH UHWUDLWH 'DQV OH FDGUH GH O¶pJDOLWp KRPPHV IHPPHV OHV KRPPHV SHXYHQW DXVVL EpQpILFLHU G¶XQ FRQJp SDUHQWDO HW RQW GURLW GpVRUPDLV j XQ FRQJp GH SDWHUQLWp GH GHX[ VHPDLQHV

/HV FRPPXQHV TXL YHXOHQW IDFLOLWHU OD YLH GHV FRXSOHV DYHF HQIDQWV RQW PLV HQ SODFH GHV FUqFKHV TXL DFFXHLOOHQW OHV HQIDQWV WRXWH OD MRXUQpH HW GHV KDOWH JDUGHULHV SRXU FHOOHV RX FHX[ TXL IRQW OHXUV FRXUVHV /¶DFFXHLO j O¶pFROH PDWHUQHOOH j SDUWLU GH GHX[ DQV HVW DXVVL XQH PDQLqUH GH SHUPHWWUH GH FRQFLOLHU YLH SURIHVVLRQQHOOH HW YLH IDPLOLDOH

(QILQ OD YLH IDPLOLDOH D VHV V\PEROHV OD IrWH GHV 0qUHV HW OD IrWH GHV 3qUHV HW ELHQ V€U OD IrWH GH 1RsO TXL HVW OD IrWH GH WRXV OHV HQIDQWV

(;(5&,&(6

, 5pSRQGH] DX[ TXHVWLRQV VXLYDQWHV

3RXUTXRL O¶REMHFWLI GX JRXYHUQHPHQW IUDQoDLV HVW LO G¶HQFRXUDJHU OHV )UDQoDLV j DYRLU XQ SOXV JUDQG QRPEUH G¶HQIDQWV"

4XHOOHV VRQW OHV GLIIpUHQWHV IRUPHV G¶DLGHV ILQDQFLqUHV SURSRVpHV DX[ SDUHQWV SDU FHWWH SROLWLTXH" &RPSDUH] DYHF OD VLWXDWLRQ GDQV YRWUH SD\V

3RXUTXRL OH FRQJp PDWHUQHO HW OH FRQJp SDWHUQHO VRQW LOV GHV DYDQWDJHV"

'LWHV FH TXH OD IDPLOOH UHSUpVHQWH SRXU YRXV

,, ([SOLTXH] OHV PRWV HW OHV H[SUHVVLRQV VXLYDQWV HW OHV IDLWHV HQWUHU GDQV YRV SKUDVHV

'HV WHUUHV GH GpSDUW OH GpSHXSOHPHQW OD S\UDPLGH VRFLDOH O¶LGHQWLWp OD VXSHUILFLDOLWp OD FRKDELWDWLRQ OHV ]RQHV SpUL XUEDLQHV GHV JKHWWRV OD IHPPH DX IR\HU OH ©EDE\ ERRPª

,,, )RUPH] OHV QRPV GHV YHUEHV VXLYDQWV

5LYDOLVHU QDWXUDOLVHU GLYRUFHU UpPXQpUHU UpGXLUH FRQFLOLHU

9, $VVRFLH] OHV QRPV DYHF OHV YHUEHV

9 (PSOR\H] OH PRW TXL FRQYLHQW

D PRUWDOLWp I QDWDOLWp I QDLVVDQFH I GpFqV P

/D GDWH GH ILJXUH REOLJDWRLUHPHQW VXU OD FDUWH G¶LGHQWLWp QDWLRQDOH

/H WDX[ GH LQIDQWLOH UHVWH GHX[ IRLV SOXV pOHYp GDQV OHV GpSDUWHPHQWV G¶RXWUH PHU GpFqV SRXU PLOOH TX¶HQ )UDQFH PpWURSROLWDLQH SRXU PLOOH 6RQ pWDLW SUpYLVLEOH (Q OD GH OD )UDQFH HVW UHVWpH YLJRXUHXVH OH WDX[ GH IpFRQGLWp VH PDLQWHQDQW DX GHVVXV GH OD EDUUH GHV GHX[ HQIDQWV SDU IHPPH SRXU OD TXDWULqPH DQQpH FRQVpFXWLYH

E $OORFDWLRQ I IDPLOLDOH FRQJp P SDUHQWDO KDQGLFDS P SURIHVVLRQQHO pFROH I PDWHUQHOOH

,O IDXW UHGUH SOXV DFFXHLOODQWHV /H JRXYHUQHPHQW D GpFLGp GH UpGXLUH OD GXUpH GX G DXJPHQWHU VD UpPXQpUDWLRQ 3RXU EpQpILFLHU GHV YRXV GHYH] DYRLU DX PRLQV HQIDQWV j FKDUJH GH PRLQV GH DQV

*UkFH DX FRQJp SDWHUQLWp OD PDWHUQLWp FHVVH G rWUH XQ

9, 4XHOV pYpQHPHQWV KLVWRULTXHV VRQW pYRTXpV SDU FHV V\PEROHV"

9HUGXQ OH ERQQHW SKU\JLHQ ©/LEHUWp eJDOLWp )UDWHUQLWpª OH PXU GHV )pGpUpV

9,, &RPPHQW FRPSUHQH] YRXV OD VHQWHQFH GH 0LFKHOHW ©/D )UDQFH Q¶DXUD MDPDLV TX¶XQ VHXO QRP OD 5pYROXWLRQª"

9,,, 'LVFXWH] HQ JURXSHV

©0DPDQ FXLVLQH SDSD WUDYDLOOH ª &H VWpUpRW\SH HVW LO WRXMRXUV YDODEOH HQ )UDQFH" 4X¶HVW FH TXL D LQFLWp OHV IHPPHV PRGHUQHV j VRUWLU GX GRPDLQH GH OD YLH SULYpH SRXU SDUWLFLSHU DFWLYHPHQW j OD YLH SXEOLTXH" &RPSHUH] DYHF OD VLWXDWLRQ GDQV YRWUH SD\V

/HV LPPLJUpV HW OHV pWUDQJHUV HQ JpQpUDO G\QDPLVHQW OD VRFLpWp IUDQoDLVH"

/HV LPPLJUpV VRQW XQH FKDQFH SRXU OD )UDQFH

5HFKHUFKH] HW GLVFXWH] OHV FRQWUDGLFWLRQV TX¶RQ SHXW WURXYHU GDQV OD PHQWDOLWp GHV KDELWDQWV GH YRWUH SD\V

'266,(5

/$ 5(/,*,21

/HV UHOLJLRQV HQ )UDQFH

)DLVRQV XQ UDSLGH WRXU G¶KRUL]RQ GHV SULQFLSDOHV UHOLJLRQV TXL VH SUDWLTXHQW HQ )UDQFH

7RXW G¶DERUG OH FDWKROLFLVPH /D )UDQFH D FRPPHQFp j rWUH FKULVWLDQLVpH DX ,,H VLqFOH HW WRXWH VRQ KLVWRLUH HW VD FLYLOLVDWLRQ RQW pWp PDUTXpHV SDU OD UHOLJLRQ FDWKROLTXH $XMRXUG¶KXL GHV )UDQoDLV VH GLVHQW FDWKROLTXHV ELHQ TXH VHXOHPHQW GH FH QRPEUH VRLHQW GHV SUDWLTXDQWV UpJXOLHUV /H WH[WH VDFUp GHV FDWKROLTXHV HVW OD %LEOH HW WRXW SDUWLFXOLqUHPHQW OHV (YDQJLOHV TXL UHODWHQW OD YLH HW OHV SDUROHV GH -pVXV &KULVW ILOV GH 'LHX 'LHX OXL PrPH YHQX VXU WHUUH SRXU VDXYHU OHV KRPPHV 6¶\ DMRXWH OD GRFWULQH LQVWLWXpH SDU O¶(JOLVH FDWKROLTXH GRQW OH FKHI VSLULWXHO HVW OH SDSH

(QVXLWH SDU RUGUH G¶LPSRUWDQFH QXPpULTXH YLHQW O¶LVODP /¶LPSODQWDWLRQ GH FHWWH UHOLJLRQ HVW WUqV UpFHQWH (OOH HVW GXH j O¶LPPLJUDWLRQ HQ SURYHQDQFH G¶$IULTXH GX 1RUG j SDUWLU GHV DQQpHV VRL[DQWH &¶HVW DXMRXUG¶KXL OD VHXOH UHOLJLRQ TXL VRLW HQ H[SDQVLRQ HQ )UDQFH 6WDWLVWLTXHPHQW GHV )UDQoDLV VH GpFODUHQW PXVXOPDQV /H WH[WH VDFUp GHV PXVXOPDQV HVW OH &RUDQ TXL UHODWH OHV UpYpODWLRQV TXH 'LHX D IDLWHV DX SURSKqWH 0DKRPHW DX GpEXW

GX 9,,H VLqFOH 6¶\ DMRXWHQW OHV HQVHLJQHPHQWV GH 0DKRPHW HW WRXW XQ HQVHPEOH GH SUpFHSWHV HW GH ORLV TXL RQW pWp pODERUpV j SDUWLU GHV SDUROHV GX SURSKqWH

(QVXLWH HW WRXMRXUV SDU RUGUH G¶LPSRUWDQFH QXPpULTXH YLHQW OH SURWHVWDQWLVPH GHV )UDQoDLV VH GLVHQW SURWHVWDQWV PDLV VHXOHPHQW

G¶HQWUH HX[ SUDWLTXHQW UpJXOLqUHPHQW /H SURWHVWDQWLVPH HVW DSSDUX HQ )UDQFH DX ;9,H VLqFOH VRXV O¶LQIOXHQFH GH &DOYLQ LQVSLUp SDU O¶$OOHPDQG /XWKHU ,O V¶DJLW G¶XQH UpIRUPH GX FDWKROLFLVPH TXH OHV SURWHVWDQWV RQW YRXOX UHQGUH SOXV SURFKH GH O¶HQVHLJQHPHQW GH OD %LEOH $LQVL SRXU XQ SURWHVWDQW OHV VDLQWV RX OD PqUH GX &KULVW QH VRQW SOXV OHV PpGLDWHXUV HQWUH O¶KRPPH HW 'LHX PDLV GH VLPSOHV WpPRLQV GH OD YLH GH -pVXV /H U{OH GH O¶eJOLVH HVW PRLQV LPSRUWDQW TXH GDQV OH FDWKROLFLVPH (Q VRPPH OH SURWHVWDQWLVPH LQVLVWH VXU OD UHVSRQVDELOLWp SHUVRQQHOOH GH O¶KRPPH GHYDQW 'LHX

4XDWULqPH UHOLJLRQ HVW OH MXGDwVPH /HV SUHPLqUHV IDPLOOHV MXLYHV VH VRQW LQVWDOOpHV GDQV OH VXG GH OD )UDQFH j O¶pSRTXH GH O¶(PSLUH URPDLQ HW LO \ D WRXMRXUV HX HQ )UDQFH XQH LPSRUWDQWH FRPPXQDXWp /H OLYUH VDFUp GHV MXLIV HVW OD %LEOH VDQV (YDQJLOHV SXLVTXH -pVXV &KULVW Q¶HVW SDV FRQVLGHUp FRPPH FHOXL TXL HVW YHQX VDXYHU OH PRQGH 3RXU OHV MXLIV O¶HQYR\p GH 'LHX HVW HQFRUH j YHQLU /HV MXLIV REVHUYHQW GHV ULWHV HW XQ FDOHQGULHU GH IrWHV SURFKHV GH OD WUDGLWLRQ ELEOLTXH

(QILQ GHUQLqUH UHOLJLRQ TXL D XQH FHUWDLQH LPSRUWDQFH HVW OH ERXGGKLVPH /HV ERXGGKLVWHV VRQW HQ PDMHXUH SDUWLH GHV LPPLJUpV GX 6XG (VW DVLDWLTXH PDLV pJDOHPDQW XQ QRPEUH FURLVVDQW GH )UDQoDLV DWWLUpV SDU FHWWH UHOLJLRQ TXL PHW O¶DFFHQW VXU GHV YDOHXUV PRUDOHV FRPPH OD WROpUDQFH HW OH PpSULV GHV EHVRLQV PDWpULHOV

5HVWH HQYLURQ j GHV )UDQoDLV TXL VH GLVHQW DWKpHV

/HV DWWLWXGHV UHOLJLHXVHV

4XHOOHV VRQW OHV DWWLWXGHV GHV )UDQoDLV IDFH DX[ UHOLJLRQV" /D SUHPLqUH LGpH TX¶LO IDXW VRXOLJQHU F¶HVW TXH SRXU OD SOXSDUW GHV )UDQoDLV OD UHOLJLRQ HVW XQH FKRVH TXL DSSDUWLHQW DX GRPDLQH GH OD OLEHUWp LQGLYLGXHOOH /D )UDQFH HVW XQ (WDW ODwTXH F¶HVW j GLUH XQ (WDW TXL Q¶LQWHUYLHQW SDV GDQV OH GRPDLQH UHOLJLHX[ TXL DFFHSWH HW UHVSHFWH WRXWHV OHV UHOLJLRQV PDLV TXL Q¶HQ HQFRXUDJH DXFXQH (W OHV )UDQoDLV VRQW ILHUV HQ SDUWLFXOLHU GH OHXU pFROH SXEOLTXH HW ODwTXH MXVWHPHQW SDUFH TXH F¶HVW XQH pFROH GH WROHUHQFH TXL QH VH ODLVVH SDV LQIOXHQFHU SDU XQH YLVLRQ UHOLJLHXVH GX PRQGH

7RXWHIRLV OD )UDQFH D pWp PDUTXpH SDU OH FKULVWLDQLVPH SDU OH FDWKROLFLVPH HQ SDUWLFXOLHU SHQGDQW SUqV GH GHX[ PLOOH DQV /HV pJOLVHV OHV FDWKpGUDOHV OHV PRQDVWqUHV TX¶RQ WURXYH XQ SHX SDUWRXW VXU VRQ WHUULWRLUH HQ

WpPRLJQHQW 3UHVTXH GHX[ PLOOH DQV G¶LQIOXHQFH FH Q¶HVW SDV ULHQ HW RQ QH VHUD SDV VXUSULV TXH FHUWDLQV FRPSRUWHPHQW FLYLOV FRQWLQXHQW j rWUH FpOpEUpV j O¶pJOLVH PrPH TXDQG OHV SHUVRQQHV FRQFHUQpHV QH VRQW SOXV SUDWLTXDQWHV

&¶HVW OH FDV DXVVL GH QRWUH FDOHQGULHU TXL HVW FDOTXp VXU OH FDOHQGULHU GH O¶DQQpH FDWKROLTXH DYHF WRXV OHV MRXUV OD FpOpEUDWLRQ G¶XQ VDLQW HW GHV IrWHV FLYLOHV TXL FRUUHVSRQGHQW DX[ IrWHV UHOLJLHXVHV &HOD GLW LO HVW FHUWDLQ TXH EHDFRXS GH )UDQoDLV VHUDLHQW LQFDSDEOHV GH GLUH TXHOOH HVW OD VLJQLILFDWLRQ UHOLJLHXVHV GH MRXUV IpULpV FRPPH OH MHXGL GH O¶$VFHQVLRQ RX OH ZHHN HQG GH 3HQWHF{WH

(Q HIIHW OD SUDWLTXH UHOLJLHXVH D FRQVLGpUHPHQW GLPLQXp GHSXLV OH PLOLHX GHV DQQpHV VRL[DQWH 2Q YRLW GH PRLQV HQ PRLQV GH JHQV DX[ PHVVHV GX GLPDQFKH ,O \ D PRLQV G¶HQIDQWV EDSWLVpV HW EHDXFRXS PRLQV GH SUrWUHV TXH GDQV OH SDVVp 7RXW FH TXL DSSDUWHQDLW DX PRQGH UHOLJLHX[ D PrPH SHUGX VRQ FDUDFWqUH VDFUp &H VRQW SDU H[DPSOHV FHUWDLQHV SXEOLFLWpV TXL IRQW GH O¶KXPRXU j SDUWLU GH VFqQHV GH OD YLH GHV PRLQHV RX ELHQ GHV SDVVDJHV GH OD %LEOH

(Q VRPPH RQ SHXW GLUH TX¶LO \ D DFWXHOOHPHQW HQ )UDQFH TXDWUHV DWWLWXGHV IDFH DX[ UHOLJLRQV

x O¶DWWLWXGH GH O¶LQGLIIpUHQFH F¶HVW FHOOH GH OD PDMRULWp GHV )UDQoDLV

x OO \ D OH JURXSH GHV SUDWLTXDQWV UpJXOLHUV FRQVWLWXp HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW GH SHUVRQQHV DJpHV TXL FRQWLQXHQW SUDWLTXHU FRPPH HOOHV O¶RQW WRXMRXUV IDLW FH JURXSH H[LVWH GDQV WRXWHV OHV UHOLJLRQV

x XQ JURXSH GH SUDWLTXDQWV RFFDVLRQQHOV ,O UHPSOLW OHV OLHX[ GH FXOWH SRXU JUDQGHV RFFDVLRQV HW LO HVW GDYDQWDJH DWWDFKp j OD UHOLJLRQ SDU VRQ DVSHFW IRONORULTXH TXH SDU VRQ DVFSHFW P\VWLTXH (Q 3URYHQFH SDU H[DPSOH LO HQWUHWLHQGUD OD WUDGLWLRQ GH OD PHVVH GH PLQXLW OD YHLOOpH GH 1RsO VHORQ OHV DQFLHQQHV FRXWXPHV SURYHQoDOHV XQH PHVVH GH PLQXLW DX FRXUV GH ODTXHOOH RQ RIIUH DX &KULVW TXL YLHQW GH QDvWUH WRXV OHV SURGXLWV GH OD WHUUH

x LO \ D XQH GHUQLqUH DWWLWXGH UHOLJLHXVH TXL HVW VRXYHQW OLpH VRLW j XQH H[FOXVLRQ VRFLDOH VRLW j XQ UHIXV GH OD VRFLpWp WHOOH TX¶HOOH HVW &¶HVW O¶DWWLWXGH GH O¶LQWpJULVWH HW HOOH H[LVWH pJDOHPHQW SRXU WRXWHV OHV UHOLJLRQV

/HV UHOLJLRQV GX © OLYUH ª

/D )UDQFH HVW XQ SD\V ODwF GHSXLV OD ORL GH VpSDUDWLRQ GH O¶(JOLVH HW GH O¶(WDW 'HSXLV FHWWH ORL GH RQ QH WLHQW SDV FRPSWH GHV UHOLJLRQV GDQV O¶DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ GH OD 5pSXEOLTXH /H SULQFLSH GH ODwFLWp F¶HVW j GLUH OD QHXWUDOLWp UHOLJLHXVH GH O¶(WDW D SURIRQGpPHQW PDUTXp OD YLH IUDQoDLVH

/D )UDQFH HVW PDMRULWDLUHPHQW FKUpWLHQQH GHV )UDQoDLV VH GLVHQW FDWKROLTXHV HW SURWHVWDQWV /H FDWKROLFLVPH GHV )UDQoDLV HVW XQ FDWKROLFLVPH FXOWXUHO HW SDWULPRQLDO © /D )UDQFH ILOOH DvQpH GH O¶(JOLVH >GH 5RPH@ ª FHWWH H[SUHVVLRQ FRXUDQWH UDSSHOOH TXH OD )UDQFH D pWp OH SUHPLHU SD\V j GHYHQLU RIILFLHOOHPHQW FDWKROLTXH DYHF OH EDSWrPH HQ GX URL &ORYLV &HW KpULWDJH HVW YLVLEOH GDQV OHV pJOLVHV HW OHV FDWKpGUDOHV HW OLVLEOH GDQV O¶KLVWRLUH O¶DUW HW OD OLWWpUDWXUH

/D PRLWLp GHV )UDQoDLV TXL VH PDULHQW OH IRQW HQFRUH j O¶pJOLVH HW LOV VRQW

j IDLUH EDSWLVHU OHXUV HQIDQWV 0DLV OD SUDWLTXH UHOLJLHXVH QH FRQFHUQH SOXV TXH GHV FUR\DQWV (OOH SDVVH j OHV MRXUV GH JUDQGH IrWH UHOLJLHXVH

/¶(JOLVH D SHUGX EHDXFRXS GH VRQ LQIOXHQFH HQ SDUWLFXOLHU VXU OH SODQ GHV PRHXUV R• VHV UHFRPPDQGDWLRQV VXU OH GLYRUFH OD SLOXOH RX O¶DYRUWHPHQW VRQW DSSDUXHV FRPSOqWHPHQW GpFDOpHV

/¶(JOLVH D FHSHQGDQW ELHQ FRPSULV OH EHVRLQ GH VSLULWXDOLWp HW FKHUFKH GH QRXYHOOHV PDQLqUHV G¶\ UpSRQGUH

/HV JXHUUHV GH 5HOLJLRQ RQW SURIRQGpPHQW GLYLVp OHV FDWKROLTXH HW OHV SURWHVWDQWV KXJXHQRWV MXVTX¶j OD SURPXOJDWLRQ GH O¶pGLW GH 1DQWHV HQ

SDU OH URL +HQUL ,9 OXL PrPH XQ SURWHVWDQW FRQYHUWL DX FDWKROLFLVPH (Q

OD UpYRFDWLRQ GH O¶pGLW GH 1DQWHV SDU OH URL /RXLV ;,9 D SURYRTXp OH GpSDUW GH SURWHVWDQWV KRUV GH )UDQFH /HV YDOHXV GHV SURWHVWDQWV VRQW GH SOXV HQ SOXV SUpVHQWHV GDQV OD )UDQFH G¶DXMRXUG¶KXL LQGLYLGXDOLVPH pWKLTXH pFRQRPLH GH PDUFKp U{OH GH O¶DUJHQW OLEUH DUELWUH

$YHF PLOOLRQV GH ILGqOHV O¶LVODP HVW GHYHQX OD GHX[LqPH UHOLJLRQ GH )UDQFH /¶LVODP GH )UDQFH VH UpFODPH PDMRULWDLUHPHQW GH OD WUDGLWLRQ VXQQLWH HW GpIHQG XQH YLVLRQ OLEpUDOH GH OD OHFWXUH GX &RUDQ /D SUDWLTXH GX FXOWH HVW UHQGXH GLIILFLOH SDU OH QRPEUH LQVXIILVDQW GH PRVTXpHV /HXU FRQVWUXFWLRQ HVW WRXMRXUV UHODWLYHPHQW PDO DFFHSWpH SDU O¶RSLQLRQ SXEOLTXH

/D UHOLJLRQ MXLYH FRPSWH PHPEUHV FH TXL HQ IDLW SURSRUWLRQQHOOHPHQW OD FRPPXQDXWp MXLYH OD SOXV LPSRUWDQWH G¶(XURSH

$YHF FHQWUHV GH SULqUH LQVWLWXWV GH IRUPDWLRQ OH ERXGGKLVPH VpGXLW GH SOXV HQ SOXV G¶DGHSWHV ,O OH GRLW DX PRGH GH YLH j O¶DSSURFKH SKLORVRSKLTXH TX¶LO SURSRVH HW j OD SRSXODULWp GX 'DODw /DPD HW GH VRQ FUHGR QRQ YLROHQW

/H 3URWHVWDQWLVPH

'HSXLV OH GpEXW GX ;,9 VLqFOH O¶(XURSH YRLW XQH VpULH GH PDOKHXUV IDPLQH JUDQGH pSLGpPLH GH OD SHVWH JXHUUH GH &HQW DQV YLFWRULHV GHV 7XUFV /¶(XURSH VH VHQW FRXSDEOH 'DQV OHV YLOOHV OHV SUpGLFDWHXUV LQVLVWHQW VXU OHV