Английский язык. Учебное пособие

However, these higher initial costs can be effectively mitigated by the savings incurred over time due to the lower-than-industry-standard operational costs typical of a LEED certified building. This Life cycle costing is a method for assessing the total cost of ownership, taking into account all costs of acquiring, owning and operating, and the eventual disposal of a building. Additional economic payback may come in the form of employee productivity gains incurred as a result of working in a healthier environment. Studies suggest that an initial up-front investment of 2 % extra yields over ten times that initial investment over the life cycle of the building.

Further, the USGBC has stated support for the Architecture 2030, an effort that has set a goal of using no fossil-fuel, greenhouse-gas-emitting energy to operate by 2030.

In the progression of sustainable design from simply meeting local buildings codes to USGBC LEED (Certified, Silver, Gold and Platinum) to the Architecture 2030 Challenge, the Living Building Challenge is currently the most stringent sustainable design protocol. The LBC sets 20 imperatives that compel building owners, designers, operators and tenants beyond current USGBC LEED rating levels.

IV. TEST

19. Choose the right word and fill in the gaps.

1.The ________ of quality management has led to the development of essential processes, ideas, theories and tools that are central to organizational development, change management, and the performance improvements that are generally desired for individuals, teams and organizations.

a) culture b) history

c) knowledge

2.These free resources, materials and tools are an excellent guide to the

________ management area, for practical application in organizations, for study and learning, and for teaching and training others.

a) quality b) quantity c) cost

3.Management features centrally the customer-supplier ________.

a)interfaces

b)fakes

c)looks

4. Central ________ is an organizational commitment to quality.

a)not yet

b)already

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c) also

5. The right ________ culture is essential for effective Total Quality Manage-

ment.

a)public

b)organizational

c)scientific

6. Understanding processes is essential ________ attempt is made to improve

them.

a)after

b)between

c)before

7.A ________ range of tools and techniques is used for identifying, measuring, prioritizing and improving processes which are critical to quality.

a) wide b) narrow

c) middle-sized

8._________ are a fundamental component within any successfully developing organization. Take away the people and the organization is nothing.

a) pupils b) People c) children

9.Take away the people's motivation, commitment and ability to work together in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is ________.

a) everything b) something c) nothing

10.Take away the ________ motivation, commitment and ability to work in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is nothing.

a) people’s b) director’s c) teacher’s

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UNIT 10

I.VOCABULARY STUDY

1.Study the Vocabulary List. Be ready to discuss the words and the word combinations of the Vocabulary List. Use the following words and word combinations of the Vocabulary List in sentences of your own. Memorize the words and the word combinations of the Vocabulary List.

2.Find in the texts sentences including the words and the word combinations of the Vocabulary List. Translate the sentences into Russian.

VOCABULARY LIST

to define – определять

set – направление; комплект output – выпуск

intangible – неосязаемый indictors – индикатор assessment – оценка framework – структура

benchmarking – эталонное тестирование blueprint – проект

implementation – выполнение teamwork – взаимодействие ongoing – продолжающийся equipment – оборудование complex – сложный workplaces – рабочее место chain – цепочка

benchmarking – сравнительный анализ

to define – определять, устанавливать значение

рperformance – исполнение questionnaire – вопросник, анкета to assess – оценивать

to implement – выполнять, принадлежность framework – каркас

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II.TEXTS STUDY

3.Read and translate the text 10A.

TEXT 10A

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

A 'Total Quality Organization' generally benefits from having an effective Quality Management System (QMS). A Quality Management System is typically defined as: "A set of coordinated activities to direct and control an organization in order to continually improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its performance". Customer expectations inevitably drive and define 'performance' criteria and standards. Therefore Quality Management Systems focus on customer expectations and ongoing review and improvement.

Performance measurement and management

There are many ways to measure organizational performance other than financial output or profit. Modern measurement focuses on the essential activities, resources and other factors – many less intangible than traditional indictors – that impact on final outputs. These include modern methods such as 'Balanced Scorecard.

Excellence and the European Quality Management Model

The European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) Excellence Model is a useful framework for developing quality and excellence within an organization. Any organization can assess itself provided the commitment to, and a framework for the self-assessment.

TQM benchmarking and questionnaire (readiness for benchmarking)

Benchmarking is a widely used term within the field of organizational measurement and management.

TQM implementation framework and blueprint

Here is a framework and 'blueprint' for the implementation of a quality improvement or 'excellence' initiative. It includes the following elements:

–TQM Processes.

–Tools and techniques.

–People and teamwork.

–Quality management system.

–Performance measurement.

–EFQM Excellence Model.

–Self-assessment.

This blueprint for achieving organizational excellence is based on many years of research, education and advisory work in the European Centre for Business Excellence (ECforBE).

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EXERCISES

4. Answer the following questions.

1.What is a Quality Management System?

2.What does modern measurement focuses on?

3.What organization can assess itself?

4.What is a benchmarking?

5.What is the blueprint based on?

5. Connect the words using information from the text. Translate them.

6.Complete the following sentences using information from the text.

1.A Quality Management System is… .

2.Quality Management Systems focus on… .

3.There are many ways to… .

4.Modern measurement focuses on… .

5.Any organization can… .

6.Benchmarking is a… .

7.The blueprint is based on… .

7.Find the wrong word in the line and explain it. a) Criteria, standard, quality, in order to.

b) Widely, early, traditional, inevitably. c) It, he, they, here, we, you.

d) To, include, perform, have, improve.

8.Read and translate the text 10B.

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TEXT 10B

INSPECTATION AND EXPERT SERVICES FOR

MACHINERY SAFETY

Most businesses use some kind of machines, tools and other equipment in their workplaces; for example in manufacturing industries, trade and logistics, in construction as well as in the public sector. Legislation relating to the safety of machinery and equipment used by your employees’ changes as technology evolves over the course of time. Manufacturers need to be aware of new standards defining the state of the art in their field. As well as this, employers are required to keep machinery, tools and other equipment safe throughout their entire lifetime. With machines becoming even more complex, this calls for more expert help.

Inspecta is the leading provider of inspection, testing, certification and technical consultancy services in Northern Europe. Inspecta offers you a wide range of expertise and inspection services for machinery safety. Our services help to ensure that your machinery, tools and other equipment are in safe operating condition and that they comply with the relevant legislation. Inspecta’s extensive service package covers the whole life cycle of machinery and working equipment: from design and manufacture through to purchase, use, inspection and removal from operation.

The machinery’s intended environment of use creates many operational prerequisites, which should be taken into close consideration from the beginning; from design, manufacture and purchasing. Only machinery that complies with all relevant requirements can be placed on the market and put into service. Inspecta’s services help to avoid unnecessary costs, subsequent repairs and hidden risks. For instance, at the production stage we can monitor the manufacturing process and make sure the machinery conforms to relevant harmonized standards and legislation. At a later date, we can help you in writing your purchasing specifications and assist you in determining whether a machine complies with applicable legislation, standards and your purchasing specifications.

Owners and users of machines face different challenges, which can be tackled with risk management and other proactive activities. Our services give you tools to improve workplace safety and keep your machinery in safe operating condition during its operational lifetime. Our services include, for example, hazard identifications and risk assessments, inspections during all phases (when first put into service and periodic checks) and life expectancy assessments. Our services are independent and objective, and they are tailored to specific customer needs, in other words, your needs.

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EXERCISES

9. Answer the following questions.

1.What does Inspecta’s extensive service package cover?

2.What is the activity of the Inspecta’s service?

3.What does Inspecta’s service include?

10. Discuss the statements given below using the following expressions in the written form.

1.It seems to me (that)...

2.I would like to say that...

3.As I see it...

4.I think that...

5.I guess...

6.I suppose...

7.I (strongly) believe that...

8.I am (absolutely) sure that...

Statement A: Most businesses use some kind of machines, tools and other equipment in their workplaces; for example in manufacturing industries, trade and logistics, in construction as well as in the public sector.

Statement B: Owners and users of machines face different challenges, which can be tackled with risk management and other proactive activities.

11.Choose English equivalent of the following.

Конструктор – design, designer, to design , Стабилизировать – stabilizer, stability, stabilize Самый последний – latest, late, later Эффективный – efficient, efficiency, efficiently

Характеристика, работа – perform, performing, performance Надежно – reliable, reliability, reliably

Немыслимый – thinking, thinkable, unthinkable

12.Translate the following sentences with as.

1. People no longer think of radio and television as something fantastic. 2. President T. Jefferson offered his personal library as the basis for the national library. 3. It is difficult for the first-year students to study at the institute as they do not know yet how to organize their work and time. 4. No system of the past was as simple as the metric system. 5. Metallurgists are trying to make composite materials as strong and light as possible. 6. Measures must be taken to keep Moscow air as clean as pos-

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sible. 7. Most businesses use some kind of machines, tools and other equipment in their workplaces as well as in the public sector. 8. Legislation relating to the safety of machinery and equipment used by your employees’ changes as technology evolves over the course of time. 9. As well as this, employers are required to keep machinery, tools and other equipment safe throughout their entire lifetime.

13. Translate the following sentences, pay attention to the preposition by.

1. It should be said that according to estimates the production of materials in space is to bring 60 billion dollars by the year 2000. 2. The best way to study before the exam is by changing one's activity every 30 minutes. 3. The first self-propelled vehicle in Russia was made by Kulibin in the 18-th century. 4. Driving a new Japanese car a driver will find his way even in Sahara by switching over to a navigation Earth satellite. 5. By 1960 the number of cars in the world has reached 60 million. 6. A driver may avoid collisions on the road by using a radar system. 7. Newton's great work "Principia" was published by Halley, the famous astronomer, out of his own pocket.

III.CONTROL TASK

14.Translate the text 10C into Russian.

15.Make up questions on the basis of the text.

16.Give a brief overview of the contents of the Text 10C using the following expressions:

The subject of the text is ...

The text deals with ...

It is pointed out that ...

It is obvious that ...

To sum it up ...

TEXT 10 C

WHAT IS LEGAL METROLOGY?

Legal metrology is the application of legal requirements to measurements and measuring instruments.

Measurements are so much a part of our daily lives that we often take them for granted and possibly don’t even notice them. For example:

we monitor the speed at which we drive to ensure we travel safely and thus reduce road casualties,

we undergo medical checks to make sure we remain healthy,

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we use time to be punctual for appointments, and satellite positioning systems to pinpoint our location,

we consume electricity, gas and water which are billed based on measure-

ments,

we buy meat, fish, fruit and vegetables by weight,

we fill our cars with fuel by volume,

we have our vehicles checked to monitor the exhaust emission levels, etc. Very often, small errors in either direction average out over a large number of

measurements. But biased errors can create considerable financial prejudice – for example, inaccurate measurements of oil at each of the many transaction points from the oil well to the end consumer can have serious economic consequences.

As another example of the importance of measurement, incorrect radiation doses in cancer treatment can have a critical effect on our health.

Legislation on measurements and measuring instruments is required in all these cases, as well as when there is a need to protect both the buyer and the seller in a commercial transaction, or where measurements are used to apply a sanction. Virtually all countries provide such protection by including metrology in their legislation – hence the term «legal metrology».

Creating global standards for use in legal metrology legislation is the role of the OIML.

The International Organization of Legal Metrology is an intergovernmental treaty organization which

develops model regulations, standards and related documents for use by legal metrology authorities and industry,

provides mutual recognition systems which reduce trade barriers and costs in a global market,

represents the interests of the legal metrology community within international organizations and forums concerned with metrology, standardization, testing, certification and accreditation,

promotes and facilitates the exchange of knowledge and competencies within the legal metrology community worldwide,

cooperates with other metrology bodies to raise awareness of the contribution that a sound legal metrology infrastructure can make to a modern economy.

17.Read and translate Text 10D.

18.Mark the main idea of the Text and give a brief overview of the content of the text 10D in English.

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TEXT 10D

DISADVANTAGES OF LEED

LEED is a design tool and not a performance measurement tool. It is also not yet climate-specific, although the newest version hopes to address this weakness partially. Because of this, designers may make materials or design choices that garner a LEED point, even though they may not be the most siteor climate-appropriate choice available. On top of this, LEED is also not energy-specific. Since it only measures the overall performances, builders are free to choose how to achieve points under various categories. A USA TODAY review showed that 7,100 certified commercial building projects targeted easy and cheap green points, such as creating healthy spaces and providing educational displays in the building. Few builders would really adopt renewable energy because the generators for those energy resources, such as solar photovoltaic, are costly. Builders game the rating system and use certain performances to compensate for the others, making energy conservation the weakest part in the overall evaluation.

LEED is a measurement tool for green building in the United States and it is developed and continuously modified by workers in the green building industry, especially in the ten largest metro areas in the U.S.; however, LEED certified buildings have been slower to penetrate small and mid-major markets. Also, some criticism suggests that the LEED rating system is not sensitive and does not vary enough with regard to local environmental conditions. For instance, a building in Maine would receive the same credit as a building in Arizona for water conservation, though the principle is more important in the latter case. Another complaint is that its certification costs require money that could be used to make the building in question even more sustainable. Many critics have noted that compliance and certification costs have grown faster than staff support from the USGBC.

IV. TEST

19. Choose the right word and fill in the gaps.

1.A 'Total Quality Organization' generally benefits from having an _______

Quality Management System (QMS). a) effective

b) perfect c) exclusive

2.A Quality Management System is typically _______ as: "A set of coordinated activities.

a) written b) defined c) reloaded

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