Английский язык. Учебное пособие

Statement A: Certification to ISO 22000:2005, Food safety management systems – Requirements for any organization in the food chain, is not a requirement of that standard, which can be implemented solely for the benefits it provides.

Statement B: ISO/TS 22003:2007 provides information, criteria and guidance for carrying out ISO 22000:2005 auditing and certification.

11. Use the following sentences in the negative and interrogative forms.

1. We were able to read that article in the library. 2. Some students will be permitted to take exams in December. 3. You have to read this book. 4. We shall be able to skate in winter. 5. My friend is to take part in the conference. 6. The students of our group had to go to the plant last week. 7. They were allowed to continue their research.

12. Choose the right modal verb or its equivalent.

Можно вычислить – (must, can, should) calculate; быть в состоянии выпол-

нить – (have to, be able to, be allowed to) carry out; нельзя предсказать – (can't, needn't, be not able to) predict; должны начаться в 10 – (have to, may, need) begin at 10; следует знать – (should, may, need) know; не нужно создавать – (may not, needn't, should not) create; нужно (необходимо) использовать – (have to, be allowed, may) use; можно взять эту книгу – (must, can, may) take this book; упорно не желать сделать – (need, wouldn't, must) do.

13.Translate the following sentences using the prepositions due to, thanks to , because of:

1.Ships can communicate over long distances due to the radio. 2. Because of the earth's rotation there are days and nights on the earth. 3. Thanks to the radio it is possible to transmit human voice across the globe. 4. Due to the latest achievements in electronics it has become possible to develop supercomputers. 5. Solar and atomic batteries are used to supply power to transmitters in space crafts because of their long life. 6. Thanks to the development of radio telescopes radio astronomy has made great achievements. 7. Our century can be called "Space Age" because of the development of a new branch of science and technology – cosmonautics.

III.CONTROL TASK

14.Translate the text 8C into Russian.

15.Make up questions on the basis of the text.

16.Give a brief overview of the contents of the Text 8C using the following expressions:

The subject of the text is ...

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The text deals with ...

It is pointed out that ...

It is obvious that ...

To sum it up ...

TEXT 8C

METROLOGY FORUM: JUST FOR FUN

WORLD STANDARDS DAY

From the pages of Open Systems Today - October 13, 1994:

"The International Standards Organization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) designated October 14 as World Standards Day to recognize those volunteers who have worked hard to define international standards... .

The United States celebrated World Standards Day on October 11; Finland celebrated on October 13; and Italy celebrated on October 18".

No further comment about the global state of "standardization" is necessary!

Managers versus metrologists

A group of managers were asked to measure the height of a flagpole. They fetched a ladder and tape measure and headed to the flagpole to perform their task. They weren't having much luck because they kept dropping the tape measure and falling off the ladder.

Observing what they were attempting to do, a metrologist approached them and offered to help. He pulled the flagpole out of the ground, laid it down flat, measured it from one end to the other, gave the measurements to one of the managers and walked away.

After the metrologist had gone, one of the managers turned to the others and said, "Well, isn't that just like a metrologist? We're looking for the height of the flagpole and he tells us the length."

17.Read and translate Text 8D.

18.Mark the main idea of the Text and give a brief overview of the content of the text 8D in English.

TEXT 8D

LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most popular green building certification programs used worldwide. Developed by the non-profit U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) it includes a set of rating systems

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for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of green buildings, homes, and neighborhoods that aims to help building owners and operators be environmentally responsible and use resources efficiently.

LEED, or Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is changing the way we think about how buildings and communities are planned, constructed, maintained and operated. Leaders around the world have made LEED the most widely used third-party verification for green buildings, with around 1.85 million square feet being certified daily.

LEED works for all buildings – from homes to corporate headquarters – at all phases of development. Projects pursuing LEED certification earn points across several areas that address sustainability issues. Based on the number of points achieved, a project then receives one of four LEED rating levels: Certified, Silver, Gold and Platinum.

LEED-certified buildings are resource efficient. They use less water and energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. As an added bonus, they save money.

IV. TEST

19. Choose the right word and fill in the gaps.

1.ISO standards are developed ______ the following principles: consensus, industry wide, voluntary.

a) thanks to b) due to

c) according to

2.The views of all interests are taken ______ account: manufacturers, vendors and users, consumer groups, testing laboratories, governments, engineering professions and research organizations.

a) in b) into c) to

3.There are three main phases in the ISO standards ______ process.

a)necessity

b)improvement

c)development

4.The need for a standard is usually expressed by an industry sector, which communicates this need to a national ______.

a) member body b) examiner’s body c) everybody

5.The latter proposes the new work item to ISO ______.

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a)as a whole

b)particularly

c)only

6.A second ______ is entered during which countries negotiate the detailed specifications within the standard.

a) part b) phase c) text

7.The final phase comprises the formal ______ of the resulting draft International Standard.

a) improvement b) situation

c) approval

8.Most standards require ______ revision.

a)periodic

b)annual

c)monthly

9.______ factors combine to render a standard out of date. a) several

b) all c) many

10.To take account of these factors, ISO has established the general rule that all ISO standards should be reviewed at intervals of not more than ______ years.

a) three b) five c) four

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UNIT 9

I.VOCABULARY STUDY

1.Study the Vocabulary List. Be ready to discuss the words and the word combinations of the Vocabulary List. Use the following words and word combinations of the Vocabulary List in sentences of your own. Memorize the words and the word combinations of the Vocabulary List.

2.Find in the texts sentences including the words and the word combinations of the Vocabulary List. Translate the sentences into Russian.

VOCABULARY LIST

quality – качество mere – простой

essential – существенный; необходимый tool – инструмент

team – команда resource – ресурс root – корень

to trace – прослеживать attempt – попытка notably – особенно concept – концепция

gurus – духовные наставники; учителя to extend – расширять; простираться acknowledgement – подтверждение prominently – заметно

brainstorming – внезапная идея, плодотворная мысль (амер.); душевное потрясение

chart – диаграмма

motivation – побуждение, мотивация histograms –исторические диаграммы commitment – обязательство

ability – способность conversely – наоборот inspire – вдохновение

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II.TEXTS STUDY

3.Read and translate the text 9A.

TEXT 9A

QUALITY MANAGEMENT HISTORY, GURUS, TQM THEORIES,

PROCESS IMPROVEMENT

The history of quality management, from mere 'inspection' to Total Quality Management, and its modern 'branded interpretations such as 'Six Sigma', has led to the development of essential processes, ideas, theories and tools that are central to organizational development, change management, and the performance improvements that are generally desired for individuals, teams and organizations.

These free resources, materials and tools are an excellent guide to the quality management area, for practical application in organizations, for study and learning, and for teaching and training others.

History of quality management

The roots of Total Quality Management can be traced to early 1920's production quality control ideas, and notably the concepts developed in Japan beginning in the late 1940's and 1950's, pioneered there by Americans Feigenbum, Juran and Deming.

Quality management gurus and theories

Quality Management resulted mainly from the work of the quality gurus and their theories: the American gurus featured in the 1950's Japan: Joseph Juran, W Edwards Deming, and Armand Feigenbum; the Japanese quality gurus who developed and extended the early American quality ideas and models: Kaoru Ishikawa, Genichi Taguchi, and Shigeo Shingo; and the 1970-80's American Western gurus, notably Philip Crosby and Tom Peters, who further extended the Quality Management concepts after the Japanese successes.

Total Quality Management

Total Quality Management features centrally the customer-supplier interfaces, (external and internal customers and suppliers). A number of processes sit at each interface. Central also is an organizational commitment to quality, and the importance of communicating this quality commitment, together with the acknowledgement that the right organizational culture is essential for effective Total Quality Management.

Processes – understanding processes and methods for process improvement. Understanding processes is essential before attempt is made to improve them. This is a central aspect to Total Quality Management, and also to more modern quality and process improvement interpretations and models such as Six Sigma.

Quality process improvement tools and techniques

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A wide range of tools and techniques is used for identifying, measuring, prioritizing and improving processes which are critical to quality. Again these ideas and methods feature prominently in modern interpretations of Total Quality Management methodology, such as Six Sigma. These process improvement tools and techniques include: DRIVE (Define, Review, Identify, Verify, Execute), process mapping, flowcharting, force field analysis, cause and effect, brainstorming, Pareto analysis, Statistical Process Control (SPC), Control charts, bar charts, 'dot plot' and tally charts, check-sheets, scatter diagrams, matrix analysis, histogram.

Developing people and teams

People are a fundamental component within any successfully developing organization. Take away the people and the organization is nothing. Take away the people's motivation, commitment and ability to work together in well-organized teams, and again, the organization is nothing. Conversely, inspire the people to work well, creatively, productively, and the organization can fly. Logically therefore, the development and proper utilization of people are vital to the success of all quality management initiatives. There are a wide range of models that are used in selecting, organizing, developing, training and motivating people.

Productively, conversely, logically, creatively, notably, centrally, prominently,

tally.

6. Match the pairs of the synonyms.

Tool, mere, essential, to trace, contemporary, equipment, simple, important, to follow, modern.

7. Complete the following sentences using information from the text.

1.The history of quality management is led to… .

2.The roots of Total Quality Management can be… .

3.Management features… .

4.Understanding processes is… .

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5.A wide range of tools and techniques is used for… .

6.People are… .

8. Read and translate the text 9B.

TEXT 9B

ISO SAFETY STANDARD WILL ENCOURAGE MARKET FOR ROAD VEHICLES POWERED BY NATURAL GAS

An ISO standard is expected to increase the market for road vehicles powered by natural gas by making the on-board storage of this alternative fuel even safer. ISO 19078:2006, Gas cylinders – Inspection of the cylinder installation, and requalification of high pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles, is both important and timely.

It is important because maintaining gas cylinders in good working order is vital to the future of cleaner fuels and because it provides guidance for regulatory authorities, vehicle manufacturers and end users. It is timely because there more than 5.5 million vehicles worldwide fueled by natural gas and with increasing public concern over health issues related to pollution, along with rising oil prices, that number is expected increase over the coming years.

Since natural gas is stored on board vehicles in high pressure cylinders, safety aspects are of prime importance. ISO 19078:2006 provides information and procedures for the periodic visual examination and inspection of natural gas fuel cylinders and the condition of the installation. Specifying inspection requirements, it defines damage criteria, as well issues related to manufacturing, maintenance, disposal of damaged cylinders, inspection equipment and the qualification of inspectors.

The new standard contains guidance for the inspection of the cylinders in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and to meet the requirements of

ISO 11439:2000, Gas cylinders – High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles, and provides criteria for acceptance or rejection in the absence of guidance from the manufacturer, with subsequent disposal as necessary.

EXERCISES

9. Answer the following questions.

1.What is ISO 19078:2006 standard?

2.What does ISO 19078:2006 provide?

3.What does ISO 19078:2006 contain?

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10.Complete the following sentences.

1.An ISO standard is expected … .

2.Specifying inspection requirements define … .

3.That number is expected … .

4.The new standard contains … .

5.The new standard provide … .

11.Define the part of speech of the following words.

Requirement, constituent, scientific, distance, agronomist, ancient, density, differ, hardness, structural, various, magnificent, presence, property, culture, conductor, presentation, probably.

12.Form the verbs from the following words.

Surprisingly, difference, equipment, mixture, coming, weightlessness, production, separately, development, movement, disappearance, functional.

13.Form the adjectives from the following nouns.

Magnet, industry, absence, specialty, weight, probability, orbit, dynamics, preparation, super transparency, independence, gravitation, super purity, difficulty, variety.

III.CONTROL TASK

14.Translate the text 9C into Russian.

15.Make up questions on the basis of the text.

16.Give a brief overview of the contents of the Text 9C using the following expressions:

The subject of the text is ... .

The text deals with ... .

It is pointed out that ... .

It is obvious that ... .

To sum it up ... .

TEXT 9C

WELDING QUALITY ASSUARANCE (ISO 3834)

Welding is a so-called «special» process, which means that you cannot make a complete verification of the welded joint without destroying it. To examine the mechanical properties, you have to take samples from the welded product. Therefore you have to build quality in from the beginning.

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To ensure the proper quality of your welded product and to optimize your manufacturing cost, the whole welding process must be controlled from the very start. To take all welding quality affecting aspects into consideration, the welding shop is recommended to implement a quality assurance system. The standard ISO 3834 sets out requirements for manufacturers to meet, in order to apply good practice to their welding operations.

There are several steps in a Welding Quality Assurance; to make sure the welding shop has competent welders, there are standardized ways to test the welders. If required you also use written welding instructions and/or so called Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) in order to increase the possibility of consistent quality. The WPS must be qualified, i.e. the WPS has to be based on a WPQR, Welding Procedure Qualification Record. The WPQR explains that, if you follow the WPS, you will have a good chance to weld a joint with the expected properties.

The person responsible for welding, or the welding coordinator, in the welding shop, is responsible for the welders’ competence and the education and the management of the welders. The coordinators´ competence requirements, the tasks and responsibilities, are regulated in the standard ISO 14731.

To make sure your welding process is of good quality you need to implement a Welding Quality Assurance System. Inspecta is an accredited certification body for the certification of welders, qualification of welding procedures and certification of welding shops/welding companies for ISO 3834.

17.Read and translate Text 9D.

18.Mark the main idea of the Text and give a brief overview of the content of the text 9D in English.

TEXT 9D

BENEFITS OF LEED

LEED certified buildings are intended to use resources more efficiently when compared to conventional buildings simply built to code. However, analysis of energy and water use data from New York City shows that LEED certification does not necessarily make a building more energy or water efficient.

Often, when a LEED rating is pursued, the cost of initial design and construction rises. There may be a lack of abundant availability of manufactured building components that meet LEED specifications. Pursuing LEED certification for a project is an added cost in itself as well. This added cost comes in the form of USGBC correspondence, LEED design-aide consultants, and the hiring of the required Commissioning Authority – all of which would not necessarily be included in an environmentally responsible project, unless it also sought a LEED rating.

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