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Email is used to communicate in many settings. Effective use of email requires a clear sense of the purpose for writing, as well as a clear statement of the message.

Email is not the same as talking to someone face-to-face or even over the telephone. When we talk face-to-face, we pick up meaning from facial expressions, body language, specific gestures, and, of course, tone of voice. Even telephone conversations preserve the meanings conveyed by tone of voice. But email messages lose these extra ways of conveying meaning as we exchange messages, and so writers need to take care when writing email messages, even though they seem impromptu or off-the-cuff.

The best general advice: What you include in your email message depends on why you are writing and to whom. Effective email messages are short and to the point. Receivers don't want to scroll through two or more screens of text to get your message. On the other hand, don't make your messages so short that the receiver doesn't understand you. Provide enough information so that the receiver understands both the context and the details of the message

Because email messages lack tone of voice and gestures that communicate so much during face-to-face and telephone conversations, some email writers include emoticons* to indicate humor, sarcasm, excitement, and other emotions; for example, :) is a happy face. As a writer, you’ll know which personal messages can include these touches, but they’re generally frowned upon in professional contexts.

Similarly, you may feel comfortable writing personalized abbreviations (such as imho for "in my humble opinion") in personal or social messages, but they are generally not considered appropriate for professional communications.

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5.My friends and I visited your restaurant last week to celebrate one of my friend’s birthday party. I am sorry to say the food served was of poor quality and now it has built a second opinion in our minds whether to visit it again or not.

6.Dear Mr. Jones

7.I am writing an email to you to bring in attention and improve your food quality, being a famous restaurant it has to match up to the standards of its name.

5. ( & !$ . , #

, – -

# ! #. ! .

1.Dear Sir or Madam

2.[no name or no close]

3.Hello

4.Best wishes

5.Feel free to get in touch if you have any questions

6.Hey

7.Bye

8.Dear all

9.I'm writing to thank you...

10.Yours sincerely

11.Just a short email to inform you...

12.All the best

13.Dear Mr., Mrs., Ms.

14.Looking forward to your reply

15.To whom it may concern

16.Let me know if you need anything else

17.Hi everyone

18.Best regards

19.Do not hesitate to contact us if you need any assistance

20.See you (soon)

21.I look forward to hearing from you

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4. !' & .

To: sam@yahoo.com

Dear Mr. Rockwell,

We, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke would like to announce the graduation of our son Michael Clarke on 10th December, 2010.

Our son, Michael was pursuing Bachelor of Arts in media studies from the University Of South Dakota College Of Media Studies in Film and Television. He had joined the university on 5th December 2006. He has always been a constant performer and an idol student His grades have always been good throughout the tenure of the course. His constant performance and dedication towards his studies has made us proud parents.

The University is holding a graduation ceremony. The graduation ceremony will take place on 10th of December, 2010 at the college premise and the program will commence from 10 in the morning. We would like to invite you for being a part of the ceremony. Your presence is important for us, so please join us in blessing our son for a bright future.

Thanking you,

Mr. and Mrs. Clarke.

) , $ % " ;) $" $ " -;) , " .

UNIT 6. TEST YOURSELF

1. . ' .

Good communication skills project an image of confidence and____1____. Although some of them are natural and go without saying some of them still can be acquired by practice and preparation. Sometimes it’s useful to develop a strategy when you want to start a conversation with someone you don’t know.

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•Start with “hello” and simply tell the other person your ___2___ and ask them theirs. Then offer your ___3___ to shake.

•Look around and see if there is anything unusual to point out. (Talking about the ____4____

is probably not a good idea unless there is something very unusual about it – a storm, snow, tornado, etc.) “Have you seen that picture over there?” – “This is an interesting building. I wonder how old it is.”

•If you can, offer a ____5____ about something, but only if it is sincere and not too personal. For example, “I saw you using a MacBook – looks very nice. Are you happy with it?”

•Ask questions which will make the other person feel that they are interesting. People like talking about themselves but don’t make the questions too personal. Ask for their ___6____

about things and their possible experience of current ___7____ and situations. “Have you been affected by this strike?” It’s not a bad idea to mentally prepare a list of possible

____8___ before you begin the conversation. Avoid politics and ___9____ because they are sensitive subjects for some people.

•Instead of worrying about what you are going to say next, ___10___ carefully to what the other person is saying and take up any conversation opportunities they offer you. Agree, disagree, ask follow-up questions and ___11___ opinions to show you are interested.

•Look the other person in the eyes, but don’t ___12___ or get too close. Smile occasionally, but avoid using a fixed grin.

Name, compliment, offer, topics, intelligence, opinions, listen, weather, religion, issues, stare, hand

2. . (True or False).

1.To start a conversation with someone you don’t know doesn’t require any skills.

2.Start with smiling and hugging.

3.Talking about the weather is the best idea.

4.People like compliments and are happy when they are very personal.

5.People like talking about themselves.

6.It is safe to speak about present situations.

7.It is a good idea to make up a list of possible questions.

8.When you know what to say it’s not necessary to listen what the person is saying.

9.Stare the person and get close.

10.Smile as often as you can.

3. .

1.How to form good communicative skills.

2.How to start a conversation.

3.How to impress people with good manners.

4.How to make people love you.

4. % , & .

preparationavoidunusualmentallystrategyshowacquireconfidencetornadocurrentofferstrikesincere experiencelookunlessexampleworrygrinoccasionallyconversationoveragree.

5. .

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British lawyer and his American counterpart – " " have no ~ – $

4. culture –

cultural –

~anthropology – $

~background – $ &

~bias – $ &

~conflict – #, $

~group – $

~identity – $ $

~studies – $

~studies scholar – $

~values – $ cross-cultural – &$ "

~communication – &$

~interaction – $

~studies – $ $ intercultural communication – &$ culturally – $ )

~and linguistically diverse communities – , $ -

)

5. diversity – 1) !, !; 2)

cultural ~ - $ , $

cultural, religious and linguistic ~ - $ , diversify – $, $ $

diverse – 1) ", & "; 2) ", "

6. impression – 1) ; 2) , , ; 3) ,

,

make (to produce) an ~ on smb – - have a vague ~ of smth – $ -

~ of fingers – $ ~s of traces -

7. prejudice – ,

have a ~ against smth – $ & -

a ~ in favour of smb – ( & )) ) - prejudice – $

~ smb against smb – $ - -

8. relationship – 1) &; 2) &,

~ of languages – have ~s with smb – $ ) - break off ~ - $ )

cause and effect ~ - - $

10. skill – 1) , ; 2) , ; 3)

communicative ~ –

practical communication ~ s – skilled - ", ", "

11. socialization – $ $ , !' language ~

primary ~ -

socialize – $, $ &

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•A man is booking a ticket by phone.

•Students are getting to know each other after the first day in a language school.

•A man is filling in a form for money transfer in a bank.

3.. . (

$ 1 !' ! &

! ?

Will, would, could (2), do (3), is (2), are, was, have (2), shall

1.What … your full name?

2.… I fill in all the blanks here?

3.… you spell your name, please?

4.… you worked in such companies before?

5.Where … you staying while you are here?

6.How … your flight?

7.… you got any special reasons for learning English?

8.… you have any flights to Prague next Tuesday afternoon?

9.Why … you want to work for our company?

10.… you put your signature here, please?

11.If we give you a discount … you promise to deliver on time?

12.How much … you like to transfer?

13.… this your first visit to Moscow?

14.… you give us a discount if you agree to our conditions?

4.% ! . , 3,

.

5.“business”. * , ( & #,

“business” “Business English”? ( -

' ! “business”

?

•The activity of buying and selling goods or services that is done by companies. E.g. We do a lot of business with Italian companies.

•An organization such as a shop or a factory which produces or sells goods or services. E.g. Paul’s decided to start his own business.

•The amount of work a company is doing. E.g. Business is slow during the summer.

•Any serious work or activity. E.g. Let’s get down to business.

•Any occupation or activity, usually opposed to doing nothing. E.g. I’m here on business.

6.. * “business”

5 “Business English”. # .

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