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7. .

1.The Constitution states that Russia _____________.

2.The Constitution proclaims ______________.

3.The Federation consists of _______________.

4.State power is exercised ________________.

5.The President is ______________.

6.The President’s powers are quite expansive: _________________.

7.The legislature is _____________.

8.The Federation Council consists of ______________.

9.The State Duma consists of ______________.

8. .

Models: It’s true because it conforms to the Constitution.

It’s false because the Constitution states that …..

1.Russia is a democratic and unitary state.

2.The only source of power in the Russian Federation is the President.

3.Civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights are guaranteed by the state.

4.State power in the Russian Federation is exercised on the basis of its separation by the President, Federal Assembly and the Constitutional court.

5.The President is elected by general election for a term of four years.

6.The Prime Minister is the Head of State.

7.The President dismisses the Government and dissolves the legislature.

8.The President is the head of the Government.

9.The State Duma and the Federal Assembly are two separate chambers of the Federation Council.

10.The State Duma is obligated to examine all bills on budgetary, tax, and other fiscal issues.

11.The Federation Council’s jurisdiction includes the approval of border changes between the constituent components.

12.The State Duma is the lower chamber, and its main duty is to pass laws.

13 Nobody can remove the president from office by impeachment.

14. Nobody can approve the usage of the Armed Forces beyond Russia’s territory.

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1. judicial protection 2. the right to the consideration 3. the right to qualified legal assistance 4. accused of committing a crime (2) 5. according to the rules fixed by the federal law 6. to prove his innocence 7. in favour of the accused

Everyone shall be guaranteed ( ) of his rights and freedoms. No one may be deprived of ( ) of his or her case in that court and by that judge in whose cognizance the given case is according to law. Everyone shall be guaranteed (# " " ). Any person detained, taken into custody, ( -" ) ), shall have the right to receive assistance of a lawyer (counsel for defence) from the moment of detention, confinement in custody of facing charges accordingly. Everyone ( " ) ) shall be considered innocent until his or her guilt is proved ( # $ ). The accused shall not be obliged ( $ $). Unremoval doubts about the guilt of the person shall be interpreted ( $ ).

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1.The Constitution of the RF was written …. (follow on with historical reasons).

2.The main features of the Russian Constitution are …

3.The Constitution recognizes a number of individual rights which include …

4.The provisions for protecting these rights are …

5.To sum up …

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UNIT 4. THE JUDICIARY IN RUSSIA

1. .

TEXT

THE JUDICIARY IN RUSSIA

The judiciary consists of three independent parts: regionally based federal courts of general jurisdiction, courts of arbitration assigned to the resolution of economic disputes, and the Constitutional Court with the right of judicial review. The institution of justices of peace was introduced for the resolution of small claims at the local level.

Local courts are established in all administrative units of the Russian Federation and function as courts of first instance and courts of appeals for decisions of justices of peace. These courts make initial decisions in the majority of all criminal and civil cases. Federal district courts build the second level of Russia’s judicial system. Their territorial jurisdiction extends to the components of the federation where those courts have been formed. They serve as trial courts in more serious crimes and civil matters, and as appellate courts reviewing local court’s judgments. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial body for civil, administrative, criminal, and other cases within the jurisdiction of courts of general jurisdiction. Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the Federation Council. The Court has three divisions: civil, criminal, and military, which hear relevant cases. Thirteen specially appointed justices of the Supreme Court comprise the Presidium of the Supreme Court, the highest judicial instance in Russia in regard to cases heard by way of supervision and for newly discovered circumstances. The plenary session of the Supreme Court may issue explanations on questions pertaining to judicial practice, and it may exercise the Court’s right of legislative initiative by formulating the relevant proposals for their subsequent submission to the Parliament.

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Arbitration courts are a part of the federal judicial system, but separate from regular courts and are aimed at the resolution of commercial and economic disputes. They are organized at the level of constituent components of the Russian Federation, and, despite what the name suggests, their function is to adjudicate, not arbitrate, economic disputes between business entities, and to decide on complaints against organs of state and federal administration whose decisions may affect the conduct of business operations. The internal structure and principles of the arbitration courts are similar to those of the courts of general jurisdiction.

The nineteen-member Constitutional Court decides whether federal laws, presidential and governmental decrees and directives, and regional constitutions and laws comply with federal constitution. The Constitutional Court also resolves jurisdictional disputes between federal and lower level organs of power and may be asked to interpret the federal Constitution. Rulings of the Constitutional Court are binding and final, and do not need to be confirmed by other organs or officials. Acts or their individual provisions, which have been deemed unconstitutional, become invalid.

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1.judiciary

2.the right of judicial review

3.courts of first instance

4.courts of appeals

5.to make initial decisions

6.to serve as trial courts in more serious crimes

7.to hear relevant cases

8.appointed justices of the Supreme Court

9.questions pertaining to judicial practice

10.economic disputes between business entities

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out judicial supervision over their activities according to procedural forms envisaged in federal law and provide explanations on the issues of court proceedings.

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Constitution of the Russian Federation.

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Case 1.

A drunk walked into a supermarket. When the manager asked him to leave, the drunk assaulted him, knocking out a tooth. A policeman who arrived and tried to stop the fight had his jaw broken.

Case 2.

A man owns a large country estate which he has turned into a wildlife park. The park is surrounded by a five-meter fence and is regularly patrolled by security guards. One night one of the lions escaped and killed a valuable horse in the adjoining field which is owned by Henry.

Case 3.

The plaintiff’s friend bought her a bottle of ginger beer which had been manufactured by the defendant. She became ill in the result of drinking the ginger beer which contained the remains of the discomposed snail. She sued the manufacturer for the compensation for damages she had suffered.

Case 4.

A defendant owed the plaintiffs a sum of money for building work. The defendants consistently refused to pay the money knowing the plaintiffs were in financial difficulty, they offered to pay only half of the sum to settle the debt. The plaintiffs reluctantly accepted. Then they sued for the recovery of the outstanding debt.

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Case 5.

The plaintiffs asked their bankers to inquire into the financial stability of the company with which they were having business dealings. Their bankers made inquiries of the company’s bankers who carelessly gave favourable references about the company. Reliance on these references caused the plaintiffs to lose $117,000. The plaintiffs sued defendants of their careless statements.

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UNIT 5. SOURCES OF RUSSIAN LAW

1..

2.What are the official sources of law in Russia?

3.Why does the Russian Constitution provide for the complicated procedure of the adoption of the federal constitutional laws?

4.What do federal laws regulate?

5.In which cases does the Constitution guarantee the priority of the act of a constituent component?

6.What is a code?

7.What happens if any international treaty of the Russian Federation establishes rules other than those established by a domestic law?

8.What is the main aim of decrees and directives of the President?

9.What is the role of the precedent in the judicial practice in Russia?

TEXT

SOURCES OF RUSSIAN LAW

Historically, Russia belongs to the continental legal system, and a written law, which was passed under the established legislative procedure, is the main legal source. About 10,000 laws, regulations, and other legal acts are passed in Russia annually.

The Constitution is the supreme Russian law and major legislative instrument. It establishes the principle of superiority of law in the system of legal sources. All other legal acts, such as decrees of the President, Governmental regulations, acts of Ministries and other federal executive agencies, as well as legislation passed by the constituent components of the Russian Federation cannot contradict laws. All laws are passed exclusively by the Federal Assembly.

Federal constitutional laws establish the group of the most important legislative acts. Because of their significance, the Russian Constitution provides for the complicated procedure of their adoption. The federal constitutional law is adopted if it has been approved by at least three-quarters of the total number of the Federation Council members and by at least two-thirds of the total number of the State Duma members. The President of Russia cannot veto federal constitutional laws. The list of federal constitutional laws is prescribed by the Constitution. It includes laws on the state of emergency, the change of the status of a constituent component of the federation, on constitutional amendments, on government, on referendum, on the judiciary, on the Constitutional Court, and some other.

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