3. Education

Vocabulary 1:

to receive full-time education	получить среднее образование
nursery school	дошкольное образование
primary school	начальная школа
infant school	I ступень начальной школы
junior school	II ступень начальной школы
secondary school	средняя школа
free education from public funds	бесплатное образование за счет государства
private fee-paying schools boarding schools	частные платные школы
selective schools	школы, где мальчики и девочки учатся раздельно
compulsory education	обязательное образование
to increase the right of parents to find a school for their children	расширить права родителей на выбор школы для их детей
to make informed choices	сделать правильный выбор (основанный на достоверной информации)
to express (have ) the preference for a school	выбирать школу по своему усмотрению
state schools	государственные школы
to be presented on school governing bodies	участвовать в управлении школой
to appoint staff	подбирать кадры
to manage school budgets	заниматься (управлять) школьным бюджетом
to meet national standards	отвечать государственным стандартам
national school curriculum of different subjects	государственный образовательный стандарт по различным предметам
to withdraw the children from some classes	отказываться от некоторых уроков
GCSE – General Certificate of Secondary Education	Сертификат о среднем образовании
advanced education	дальнейшее образование
the main standard for entry to university education	основной стандартный (единый) экзамен для поступления в ВУЗ (ЕГЭ)
professional training	профессиональное образование
to take full-time post-school education	поступить на дневное отделение после школы
supervised job experience	работа под контролем преподавателя
parents’ contribution to their children education	вклад родителей в образование своих детей
to be eligible for an educational loan	иметь право на образовательный кредит
residential and non-residential University	университет, предоставляющий и не предоставляющий жилье
correspondence tuition (tuition by correspondence)	заочное обучение
local study centres	местные обучающие курсы (центры)
to be embedded in the curricula	быть внесенным в школьные программы (учебные планы)

1. Read and translate the text. There are 6 parts in it. While reading it match the heading to each part of it.

1. …………………………………………………………..

All children and young people between the ages of 4 or 5 and 16 must receive full-time education. About a half of 3 and 4-year old children receive nursery education attending nursery. Children between 5 and 11 go to the primary school, which is divided into the infant school (for 5-7-year-olds) and the junior school (for 7-11-year-olds). Children aged between 11 and 18 go to the secondary school. About 95% of British children receive free education from public funds and the rest attend private fee-paying schools. Boys and girls are taught together in most schools (except Northern Ireland where secondary schools are largely selective).

2. …………………………………………………………

The government measures in the mid-1980s have increased the rights of parents to find out more about schools and make informed choices about their children’s education. Parents have a statutory right to express a preference for a school. Tables are published giving information about school examination results. All state schools have to give parents a written annual report on their child’s progress. Parents are represented on school governing bodies, which appoint staff and manage school budgets. Under new reforms, all state schools in England and Wales are increased by independent inspectors to ensure that they meet national standards. Parents are given a readable summary of the inspection report.

3. ………………………………………………………….

Educational standards are being raised by the introduction of a national school curriculum consisting of English, math, science, history, geography, technology, music, PE classes. In Wales the Welsh language forms a part of national curriculum. Similar reforms are being introduced in Scotland and Northern Ireland. Religious education is available in all schools, although parents have the right to withdraw their children from such classes.

4. ………………………………………………………….

The main school examination, the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), is taken at around the age of 16. If pupils are successful, they can continue to more advanced education or training. After a further 2 years of study the General Certificate of Education Advanced level exam is taken at the age of 18 and can be combined with the Advanced Supplementary level exam to provide a wider range of subjects. These exams are the main standard for entry to university education and to many forms of professional training.

5. …………………………………………………………..

The proportion of young people entering university and other advanced education was 1 in 4 in the year 2000. Around 1.5 min students in Britain are taking full-time post-school education courses providing a combination of full-time study and supervised job experience. Over 90% of students on first degree and comparable advanced courses receive awards covering tuition fees and maintenance. Parents also contribute, the amount depending on their income. In addition, students are eligible for an interest-free loan. There are some 80 universities; they enjoy complete academic freedom.

The Open University is non-residential and offers degrees and other courses for adult students of all ages in Britain and other parts of Europe. Its teaching method is a combination of printed texts, correspondence tuition, TV and radio broadcasts, audio and video courses and residential schools. There are also local study centres. No formal qualifications are required for most courses.

6. ……………………………………………………………

Considerable cooperation takes place between business and the education system. As a result of a number of initiatives, matters relating to industry and commerce are being embedded in school, college and university curricula. The Government wants all pupils to have at least two weeks’ work experience before leaving school. Businessmen and women are represented on school governing bodies and other institutions.