- •2. How may the verbs be subdivided into in accordance with their lexical meaning?
- •3. What do dynamic and stative verbs denote? What are terminative and non-terminative verbs? What are transitive and intransitive verbs?
- •4. What grammatical categories do the finite forms of the verb have? What are they? What are synthetic and analytical forms?
- •5. What factors govern the choice between aspect forms?
- •6. When is it obligatory or possible to use present tense forms to express future or past events?
- •7. Different ways of expressing future time.
- •8. What does the grammatical category of voice indicated? How many voices are there in English and what are they?
- •9. How is the Passive Voice formed in English? What are the main types of translation of the Passive Voice into Russian?
- •10. What types of Passive constructions are there in English?
- •11. What are the main restrictions to the use of passive constructions?
- •13. What is the difference in the indication of a posterior event by a common form or a continuous form?
- •14. When is a perfect form not used?
- •15. What is the “stative passive”? Give examples.
- •16. What is the difference in presentation of the event by the constructions “used to do” and “would do”?
- •17. The difference between “gone (to)” and “been (to)”?
- •18. Troublesome verbs.
- •19. What is a “Sequence of Tenses”?
- •20. Direct and indirect speech.
- •21. What nouns are called countable and uncountable?
- •22. What groups of concrete nouns do you know?
- •23. What groups of uncountable nouns do you know?
- •24. How do countable nouns form their plural form?
- •25. Irregular plural nouns.
- •26. What nouns can be countable or uncountable depending upon their meaning in the context?
- •27. What cases does the English noun have? Do these cases have endings?
- •28. What is the genitive case? How is it formed?
- •29. What nouns can be used in the genitive case?
- •30. What are “participle adjectives”?
- •31. What adjectives have degrees of comparison and how are they formed?
- •32. In what cases do adjectives follow nouns they refer to?
- •33. What adjectives are always used attributively?
- •34. What adjectives are always used predicatively?
- •35. What do adjectives denote?
- •37. What is the order of the prepositive adjectives?
- •38. Comparative construction.
- •39. Substantivized adjectives.
- •40. Irregular forms of the degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •41. Adjectives after verbs.
- •42. What Morphological Characteristics do adverbs have?
- •43. What groups of adverbs do you know?
- •44. What is the position of adverbs in the sentence?
- •45. What adverbs form degrees of comparison synthetically?
- •46. What adverbs form degrees of comparison analytically?
- •Irregular forms of the degrees of comparison of adverbs
- •47. Word order – adverbs with a verb.
- •48. Semantic groups of pronouns.
- •49. Number and case forms of pronouns.
- •50. Forms of “other”.
- •51. Expressions of quantity.
- •52. What pronouns have a conjoint form and an absolute form?
- •53. What pronouns are used to form emphatic constructions?
- •54. What pronouns are used to specify objects from the point of view of their number or quantity?
- •55. What pronouns would you use to make a statement of a general character?
- •56. What may prepositions indicate?
- •57. How can prepositions be subdivided in accordance with their meaning?
- •58. How can prepositions be classified in accordance with their structure?
- •63. “For, during and while” – grammatical difference.
- •64. Does a noun always co-occur with an article?
- •65. What other noun modifiers are frequent in English?
- •66. What article indicates that the object denoted by the noun is unique or specifically known to the speaker(writer) and the hearer(reader)?
- •67. What is a limiting attribute?
- •68. What groups of nouns are preferably used without articles?
- •69. When can we use the article “a” before words beginning with a vowel?
- •70. When do we use the article “an” before words beginning with a consonant?
- •71. What article do we use when we give a person’s job title or their unique position?
- •72. When can we use the article “the” before the names of particular people?
- •73. When can we use the indefinite article or sometimes “zero article” with a name?
- •74. What articles are traditionally used with proper names denoting individual living being? What change of meaning of the proper name does the indefinite article indicate?
- •75. What proper names denoting inanimate objects are preferably used without articles or with the definite article?
- •76. The usage of articles with the names of meals.
- •77. What articles do we use with such nouns as: “school, prison, hospital, university, church”?
- •78. What articles should we use for musical instruments?
- •79. Usage of articles with the names of countries, mountains, islands.
- •80. Usage of articles with the names of oceans, seas, rivers, lakes.
- •1.2.2. Voice
- •1.2.3. Aspect
- •85. Infinitive constructions. Complex Subject. Complex Object. For – Construction.
- •1. The objective with the infinitive construction
- •1) The subject
- •87. What is Gerund? How to distinguish it from the Participle 1 and the Verbal Noun? How to translate the Gerund into Russian?
- •88. What is the Participle 1? How to translate it into Russian?
- •89. What is the Participle 2? The functions of the Participle 2 in the sentence?
- •1. Attribute.
- •2. Adverbial Modifier
- •3. Predicative
- •90. Parenthesis. Dangling or Misrelated Participle.
- •91. Constructions with the Participle
- •92. Gerundial Constructions
- •93. The Infinitive. The syntactical and morphological features of the Infinitive.
- •II. The morphological features of the infinitive (The forms of the infinitive)
- •97. What verbals can be used as subject or object?
- •98. What are the verbs which can be followed by –ing or to with a difference of meaning?
52. What pronouns have a conjoint form and an absolute form?
Possessive (my – mine, your – yours…) pronouns will have a conjoint form and an absolute form, the latter being found only within a phase or construction.
|
conjoint form |
absolute form |
|
This is my book |
This book is mine |
|
This is her bag |
This bag is hers. |
53. What pronouns are used to form emphatic constructions?
The demonstrative pronoun “It” and “That”.
“That” will be used to stress, to emphasize the previous statement. “It” – something that is further said about it.
I don’t want you to go here. – That is quite clear to me.(Это мне вполне ясно. Мне ясно, что ты не хочешь туда идти.)
I do not want to go there. –It is quite clear to me. (Это мне вполне ясно. Зачем это объяснять?)
The pronoun “That” is sometimes used to emphasize the degree of a quality mentioned previously.
I couldn’t believe that anything was that wrong.
54. What pronouns are used to specify objects from the point of view of their number or quantity?
Indefinite pronouns will be generally used here.
|
All Some Both Few Many Several Each Either Any Every The other Another
|
Students knows about the news
|
|
All Some Much Little
|
Information seems quit necessary
|
|
Everything
|
Is very good
|
|
Somebody Everybody |
Knows about the news |
Mr.Fabbio, someone should do something.
Note: Special attention should be given to the use of some indefinite pronouns in some types of sentences.
“Any”, “anybody”, “anything” are employed in affirmative sentences, to emphasize the object to which they refer.
I can say it to anybody. (= I can say it to any person)
I can give him anything. (=absolutely anything)
“Any”, “anybody”, “anything” are employed in interrogative sentences to emphasize the object, denoted by them.
Did you see anything there?
“Some”, “something”, “somebody” will indicate that the speaker assumes, is almost sure that there was something to see there, and he expects to hear a confirmation or some further details about the object.
Did you see something there?
In affirmative sentences the phrasal quantifiers “plenty of”, “a number of”, “a lot of” are preferable to “much” and “many”, especially in colloquial speech.
On the walls there were a lot of water colors of Australian outback scenes.
55. What pronouns would you use to make a statement of a general character?
The pronouns “one”, “you”, “we”, “they” will be used in this case.
One does such things sometimes. – так иногда делают. Человек так поступает иногда.
You do such things sometimes. – так некоторые иногда поступают. (Может быть, я так бы не поступил)
They do such things sometimes. – люди так иногда поступают. (Но мы с вами, возможно, нет)
56. What may prepositions indicate?
Preposition denotes the relation between the given object and other object, phenomena or events.