Drop line low tide

rack (structure) intertidal tenure abalone=paua cage

raceway static facility

разведение

искусственное выращивание заграждение

двустворчатый каналец каналец

ярус

канат погруженный в воду малая вода; низшая точка отлива решетка

литоральный, межприливный владения

морское ушко садок

лоток неизменный сооружение

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barrel бочка

to suspend подвешивать crayfish рак

Exercises

1. Choose the equivalents.

Paua farming; Pacific oyster farming; mussel farming; green lipped; floating lon-glines; to support oysters on racks; to grant tenure over 3920 hectares; annual produc-tion; to be located in sheltered or semi-sheltered areas; to remain static over recent years; to occur throughout the country; aquaculture facilities erected on shore; paua are grown; bivalve.

Предоставлять владения размером свыше 3920 гектар, хозяйство (ферма) по разведению морского уха; морское ухо разводят; ежегодное производство; ос-таваться устойчивым в последние годы; держащиеся на поверхности яруса; на-ходиться в закрытых или полузакрытых местах; сооружения аквакультуры по-строенные на берегу; хозяйство по разведению мидий; встречать по всей стране; поддерживать устрицы на решетках; хозяйство по разведению тихооке-анских устриц; двустворчатый каналец.

2.Answer the questions.

1.What’s the aim of aquaculture in New Zealand? 7. What are the major species farmed in N.Z.?

8. What are the main mussel farming areas in New Zealand? 9. What does the farming method consist of?

10.Where are the Pacific oyster farming areas located in? 11.What can be said about annual production?

12.Which other species are farmed? 3. Translate sentences.

1.Новая Зеландия как и многие другие страны занимается искусственным раз-ведением двустворчатых, чтобы пополнить природные запасы.

2.Главным образом, в Новой Зеландии разводят мидии и устриц.

3.Фермерский способ выращивания мидий состоит в том, что с ярусов держа-щихся на поверхности подвешены канаты, погруженные в воду, на которые оседают мидии.

4.Способ выращивания устриц заключается в том, что устриц размещают на решетках, сооруженных у берега с оптимальными изменениями прилива отлив-ного уровня.

5.Ежегодный урожай мидий составляет 67.000 тон, а устриц около 35.000 тон. 6.В Новой Зеландии также разводят чавычу и морское ушко.

4. Summarize the text.

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5. Translate into Russian using a dictionary.

SEA FARM ADVANCES WITH MARINE FISH

The Sea Farm group in Norway expects its production of cod juveniles for on-growing to reach a new record level of 170,000 this year. Active since 1987 in devel-oping the farming of marine species, Sea Farm says that the increase in cod results from the application of new methods. “The most essential element in this process, it explains, “is an early catch of juveniles from the lagoon for weaning in tanks. This method has proved successful but there is still more problem with the cod’s canniba-listic nature and the quality of available feed.”

Halibut work is also progressing and Sea Farms sees this fish as the most interesting species in a Norwegian context. It gets priority in the company’s research and de-velopment work. According to Sea Farm, the 1988 and 1989 seasons mark a final breakthrough in production of halibut juveniles. The technique developed is succed-ing. It is based on the stocking of halibut larvae in silos and start feeding in bags or tanks using natural zooplankton.

Sea Farm reported that it had produced more than 3000 halibut juveniles. It says that the main tasks in future will be increasing the scale of the operation, and modifying the production plant drawing on present experience.

“Our production goal for 1990 is set at 50,000 juvenile halibut,” says Sea Farm “we believe that this goal is fully realistic, based on the known-how we have gained and the survival we have achieved from egg to juvenile.” One of the priorities is to estab-lish a brood fish inventory, which has enabled Sea Farm to plan a considerable pro-duction of halibut eggs for the future. “The halibut has shown very good growth and mortality has been low “ says the company. The farmed halibut will be a high-quality product and the fish has a high market potential.

World supplement

juvenile weaning to wean

cannibalistic nature halibut breakthrough succeeding

larvae larva silos mortality

brood fish inventory

малек

отлучение от матери отлучать от матери канибальская природа палтус

переломное открытие, прорыв последующий, следующий лечинки

лечинка

силосная яма, силок смертность

производитель, самка производитель учет, подсчет (популяции)

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TEXT 24 LAMINARIA CULTURE IN JAPAN

The kelp, Laminaria japonica, is a temperature coldwater brown alga, naturally dis-tributed in the northwest coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean. In the late 1920s, several fronds of kelp were found growing under a pier, in Dalan, Liaoning Province. In the early 1930 s the Northheast Fishery Company of Japan introduced Laminaria to Da-lan for experimental culture. However, because of adverse natural conditions technic-al problems, progress was slow. In the 1940 s, the highest annual output was only 60 odd tones dry weight. Since the founding of the People’s of China, the Government has placed great emphasis on the development of Laminaria cultivation. Special insti-tutions were established and systematic research was carried out on Laminaria biolo-gy, seedling rearing, growout technology and so on. At the same time, investigations were conducted on environmental conditions in culture waters. By the mid-1950 s, successful raft culture methods were worked out. In this method, floating rafts are installed in a suitable culture area and Laminaria seedlings are reared and cultured ar-tificial substrates.

By 1957, the Laminaria culture area in Shandong and Liaoning Provinces had reached 235 ha. In the late 1950 s, summer seedling rearing techniques were devel-oped, in which light intensity, led in a special seedling-rearing room. Compared with the method of rearing autumn seedling in the sea, the culturing of seedling in the summer helped extend the growout period by 60 days. This technique not only in-creased the yield per unit culture area immensely, but also made possible the large scale culture of Laminaria off the Southern Chinese coast, where the seawater tem-perature in summer is too high for Laminaria culture. Total culture area exceeded 14.000 ha by late 1980 s and annual production was more than 270.000 tones dry weight, making China the largest producer of Laminaria in the world. Since 1970s studies on Laminaria genetics and breeding have brought about many achievements. Basically, there are two methods of growout for Laminaria. In areas where the sea-water transparency is good, the vertical or hanging kelp rope culture method is used. In areas where transparency is poor or the current is strong, the horizontal kelp rope culture method is adopted. Technical management during the growout period in-cludes adjustment of water depth and culture density, fertilisser application, repair of damaged rafts and so on.

Fertiliser application (by splashing; spraying or by using plastic bags or clay bottle attached to the kelp ropes) is necessary as seawater in many areas of northen China is nutrient deficient. The main aim of management during growout is to utilise, adjust and improve natural conditions so as to optimise the growth and development of Laminaria.

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Vocabulary

kelp frond adverse seedling

raft culture method to install

substrate yield

to exceed to breed breeding

transparency to splash

to spray

ламинария, морская капуста вайя, ветвь с листьями неблагоприятный

саженец, проросток

способ разведения культуры на плотах устанавливать

субстрат, подложка в культуре клеток урожай, добыча

превышать

разводить, выводить ( о животных) разведение

прозрачность брызгать, плескать

опрыскивать, обрызгивать, пульверизиро-

вать

clay nutrient to adjust

глина, глиняный питательное вещество устанавливать, регулировать,

приспосабливать

Exercises