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Regulatory base and foundation for nanotechnology in Russia is:

1.Message of the president of Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of Russian Federation on 26th of April, 2007;

2.Governmental corporation “Russian corporation of nanotechnologies”;

3.“Program of coordination of activities in the sphere of nanotechnologies and nanomaterial in Russian Federation for the years 2007-2010”;

4.Federal target programs “Research and elaborations on priority direction development science-technological complex of Russia on the years 2007-2012”, “National technological base” on the years 2007-2011, Federal space program on the years 2006-2015;

5.Governmental program of arm of Russia on the years 2006-2015 and Federal governmental program of development of defense industry in Russia Federation on the years 2006-2010;

6.Specialized program of Russian Science Academy and Russian Medical Academy and Program of Russian Found of Fundamental Research.

It have to me be mentioned that according to the president initiative “Strategy of nanoindustry development” was created National Nanotechnologycal Net for support of industry’s development, concentrating resources on priority directions of research and elaborations, raising effectiveness and level of activities coordination, creation of favorable

conditions for accelerated bringing in operations of new competitive nanotechnological products 1. One more powerful organization is National Nanoindustry Association. It contributes to creation economic, creative and social atmosphere for reequipment Russian industries on the leading technologies and structure rebuilding of industry by significant raise share of nanotechnologies.

It’s remarkable that Russia has enough scientific and staff potential for accelerated development nanosystem and nanomaterials activities. By the Program of coordination of activities in the sphere of nanotechnologies and nanomaterial in Russian Federation the most perspective is usage of nanotechnology achievement in:

1.Implantation of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials, that by changing technical characteristics and parameters will raise competitiveness of high technological products;

2.Specialized nanosystem technics that let decrease threat of terrorism and technogenic accidents;

3.Weapon and specialized technics, where materials with special features play a great

role;

4.Medicine, where usage of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials absolutely change prophylaxis, diagnostics, creation of fabrics and methods of usage of medical equipment and drugs;

5.Increasing the level of ecological security by monitoring and protection of environment using nonosystem tecnics.

Current practice and prognoses proof that Russia has high-perspective development in spheres of nanoelectronics, nanoengineering, and functional nanomaterials for energy and space technics, nanobiotechnology, constructive nanomaterials, composition nanomaterials and nanotechnology for security systems.

Nevertheless, in spite of all achievements and elaborations in nanoindustry, there is a great gap between high quality of research, nanotechnology elaboration potential and low nanoindustry infrastructure level in Russia. Low industry sensibility to the nanotechnology elaborations in transition of economics to the innovations condition is the main restraining

1 Доклад министра образования и науки Российской Федерации А.А. Фурсенко на заседании Правительственного совета по нанотехнологиям 21 июня 2007 г. : [Электрон. ресурс]. – 20.02.08 14:20 –

Режим доступа: www.edu.ru/mon-site/ruk/ministr/dok/3887,print/

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factor. Developing of nanotechnology and nanomaterial standards are necessary as like as changing of technical hurdles for nanoindustry production and developing international trade, standards and regulating acts on commercialization of nanotechnology elaborations.

Besides, all the national projects and investment in it must work. For example, Russian corporation of nanotechnology exists about 6 month. Although there was no any project financed by this organization. Up to now there were only created basic rules for ones and accepted some applications for examination. Comprehensive support of government is very important in financial and regulative spheres. Also significant role play programs of stuffpreparing as well as systematical and open nanotechnology development.

Therefore, the World now is going through one more market sharing. Nanotechnology is unexplored opportunity to control the nature. It depends not only up to those, who will be the first in a new niche, but also up to those who could retain power. Due to this fact, government support and interest of agent who is represented it are necessary. Nowadays Russia even having great opportunities and perspectives for evaluation on a new, but very promising market in case of lack of proper attention to the nanoindustry and inactivity could prove to be an outsider not only in this field, but also in world developing.

О.Ю. Радевская,

студентка 4 курса (гр. МЭ-41) научный руководитель Н.А. Петрова, канд. пед. наук, заведующая кафедрой ИЯ и МДК

AEROGRAD-UPON-THE-AMUR RIVER

Foreign economic activity plays a very important role in the economy of the Khabarovsk Territory, providing financial stability, forming the profitable part of the budget, developing and modernizing manufacture, employment, as well as saturating the regional market with consumer goods. Mechanical engineering is a leading industry of the territory in terms of quantity of production, accumulated productive, technological and labor force potential. The main exporter of engineering production in the Khabarovsk Territory is KnAAPO. The company is based in Komsomolsk-na-Amure. Following The Decree of the President of the

Russian Federation of October, 26th, 2001, the “Air holding company Sukhoi" was established and KnAAPO allotted. In my opinion, this event was very important, because the aircraft industry is one of the priority-oriented in the region and the prospects of hi-tech production for exporting are first of all connected with KnAAPO. That is why I would like to cover this question and tell you about the Sukhoi Company and KnAAPO.

Experts call Komsomolsk-na-Amure “Russian Seattle”. Meanwhile, its history is even more interesting than that of its US “bloom brother”. Komsomolsk-na-Amore was built as the aircraft industry basis of the future in the first third of the XX century. Its birth in the taiga backwoods inspired Soviet cinematographers to shoot the adventure – movie “Aerograd” – and this name may be considered as the second one of the city.

The most up-to-date technological equipment was primordially installed at the plant. It was not inferior to that used at the best aircraft plants of Germany and Italy. Until now, this enterprise has remained one of the most technologically advanced in the national aircraft industry either. No wonder that the best airplanes of that time were made in Komsomolsk. The enterprise created the possibility to build up the economy of the Far-Eastern region – not just at the expense of the natural resources the region is so rich in, but owing to the hi-tech aircraft industry development.

As for the current situation, we can say that it is favorable for the Khabarovsk Territory and for the Far East in general. However, it could hardly have been developed by itself.

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Mainly, it had been formed by the professional management of the Sukhoi Company, Civil Airplanes of Sukhoi (GSS) and KnAAPO.

In the 90ie, when the order for manufacturing of SU-27K fighters for the China was fulfilled, the profits from the exports were not spend for food. They were invested in the renewal of the machine tool population and digital technologies. At that, they invested not only in equipment but also in personnel training. When the decision was taken to make the KnAAPO the regional base enterprise for designing and producing aircrafts, the customers at once began to invest in building up the most up-to-date technological lines.

The building up of the modern regional airplane called Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ-100) now is progressing very successfully. The active marketing campaign promoting a new liner on both internal and external markets began. In its turn, orders on hand have already been formed. The potential buyers must be sure that the prospective airplane will be assembled on the up-to-date equipment providing high quality and safety of an aircraft at its intensive exploration.

Economic relations of the Khabarovsk Region with foreign countries is developing fast today. In March, 2007, Viktor Christenko, Minister of the Industry and Power Industry of the Russian Federation and Pierreluigi Bersani, Minister of Economic Development of Italy signed the Protocol of Collaboration for construction of regional airplane Sukhoi Superjet 100 for Italy. In June, in Les Bourges, France, in the framework of the above mentioned Protocol, the leading European company Alenia Aeronautica signed the General Agreement for purchasing of 25% plus 1 share of the company “Civil Airplanes of Sukhoi CJSC”. Along with it, the European partners of the GSS will assist in the timely certification of the airplanes.

In Les Burges the first international contract was singed between the GSS and ItAli air carrier for the purchase of ten Sukhoi Superjet 100 airplanes.

The first static specimen of the SSJ-100 has been built in KnAAPO already, and it is currently on its static testing in Zhukovsky. The interest to it is being displayed by almost all leading air-companies of Russia. The company “Civil Airplanes of Sukhoi” plans to supply

800 regional airplanes until 2024. When the company manages to convince the air carriers servicing regional air routes that the Sukhoi Superjet 100 choice is the best choice for them, the market of the Russian passenger airlines will be substantially enlarged and its steady sales can be forecast until 2025 at least.

The dynamic development of the national economy promises that not only a foreign market, but also a Russian one will push the development of the Aerograd-upon-the-Amur River. In its turn, it will provide a stable base for aircraft industry progress on the territory of the Khabarovsk region.

О.Д. Скиба,

студентка 4 курса (гр. МЭ-42) научный руководитель Ю.А. Голикова, канд. экон. наук, доцент кафедры мировой экономики и внешнеэкономических связей

OUTSOURCING: ESSENCE, DIRECTIONS AND EFFICIENCY OF USE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE MEANS OF GLOBALIZATION

Today in modern globalized world outsourcing is the model that companies can no longer afford to ignore. Outsourcing is a long –term, results-oriented relationship with an outside firm for activities traditionally performed within the company Today those companies who are opened to innovation have competitive advantages and outsourcing can help business and especially in directions of technologies and innovation. Russia here can’t stay outside because for Russia it is looks like very perspective direction for development.

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XXI century is the century of globalization. This global process has influenced the world economy greatly transformed business at all. Business transformation trough the globalization is one of the most important levers that companies use. Today more and more companies express their services globalization initiatives. In 2007 the grow of the services globalization industry was about 25%, and in coming year this figure is expected to be 30%. Now those companies that are opened to innovation have a high competitive advantage allowing them significantly improve the efficiency of business management. One such business model that provides a competitive advantage in the globalized world is outsourcing. In the XXI century outsourcing is approach to business, innovation and technology.

There are many definitions of outsourcing as there are many ways to describe it. Having analyzed a lot of definitions to our mind the modern one can be derived. Outsourcing is a long

–term, results-oriented relationship with an outside firm – called service provider – for activities traditionally performed within the company. Simply outsourcing can be called as the farming out of services to a third party. The essence of outsourcing lies in the principle – «I leave myself only that I can do better than others, to convey to the outside artist in what he does better than others».

Outsourcing can include transfer of the management or day-to-day execution of an entire business function to a very small and easily defined service. Typically, business segment outsourced customer information technology, human resources, facilities and real estate management, and accounting also many companies outsource customer support and call center functions like telemarketing, customer services, market research, manufacturing and engineering.

Often the term outsourcing is used incorrectly with offshoring or offshore outsourcing. Outsourced function is considered non-core to the business. On the other hand offshoring is the transfer of organizational functions to another company. It is a small but important subset of outsourcing. Offshoring simply means having the outsourced business functions done in another country.

There are many reasons that companies outsource various jobs, but the most prominent advantage seems to be the fact that it often saves money. Many of the companies that provide outsourcing services are able to do their work for considerably less money, as they do not have to provide benefits to their workers, and have fewer overhead expenses to worry about. Outsourcing also allows companies to focus on their business issues while having the details taken care of by outside experts. This means that a large amount of resources and attention, which might fall on the shoulders of management professionals, can be used for more important, broader issues within the company. The specialized company that handles the outsourced work is often streamlined and often has world-class capabilities and access to new technologies that company could not afford to buy on their own. Plus, if company is looking to expand, outsourcing is a cost-effective way to start building foundations in other countries. Also, using of outsourcing leads to multiplicative effect in business and accelerate growth. According to Research Center Global Insight in 2007 for every dollar that US industries had invested in outsourcing abroad produced 1,12-1,14 of value added to the American economy as a whole – thanks to lower prices and greater competition among companies.

Analyst Gardner identified four main areas of outsourcing: BPO - Business Process outsourcing, BSP - Business Service Provider, ITO - Information Technology Outsourcing, ASP – Application Service Provider. The most interesting for our consideration is ITO.

Russia is about to become one of the most popular destinations for ITO. According to the consulting firm neoIT, Russia is the third largest IT supply market, behind India and China with Russian firm specializing in high-end software and embedded software product development. IT outsourcing market in Russia is growing and will continue to grow in 2008,

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expected 41% annually, but the scale sector still modest and evaluated today only 2% of the total IT market.

Outsourcing to Russia is a relatively new organizational scheme, which may be still treated with caution. The most frequently cited potential customer factor related to the credibility of the supplier (the risk of leakage of confidential information and loss of control of the project), as well as factor related to a lack of experience on the pattern of outsourcing (lack of awareness about the opportunities, the lack of experience). In our view, these factors indicate an early stage of development of outsourcing market in Russia and also to the fact that the number of successful examples of cooperation had not yet reached «critical mass».

On the base of analysis and to our point of view, IT outsourcing is a very perspective direction for Russia also because it has competitive advantages over China and India – the current leaders of ITO in the world. These advantages are:

low labor costs;

vast talent labor pool;

Russians work ethic and culture is like European and very similar to the American (Chinese and Indian cultures differ from business environment business culture of EU/US);

communication costs – 8000-12000 $/month (in Chine-10000-15000 $/month, in India 15000-20000 $/month);

stable power grid based on multiple technologies, practically unlimited oil supply (India – very frequent power outages);

democratic government control with political stability (India – stability of political system varies, but it weakened internal religious divisions and nuclear conflict near Kashmir); direct flight to Moscow from most US cities 8-10 hours (Chinano direct flight from East coast US, flights from West and Midwest take 12-14 hours, India – no direct flight from

US, 22 hours flight time);

no import duty on IT equipment.

In our mind, in modern globalized world outsourcing is the model that companies can no longer afford to ignore. Today those companies who are opened to innovation have competitive advantages and outsourcing can help business and especially in directions of technologies and innovation. For Russia it is a very perspective direction for development. I think through the use of Russian advantages outsourcing can bring a rapid growth of business as well as growth of the whole Russian economy.

Е.Ю. Корсакова,

студентка 3 курса (гр. МЭ-51) научный руководитель Ю.А. Голикова, канд. экон. наук, доцент кафедры мировой экономики и внешнеэкономических связей

THE ROLE OF THE TERMINAL IN DEKASTRI ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST AND THE

INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS IMPACT

The main aim of this report is the determination of the possibilities helping to the including of the Russian Far East in the process of International Economic Cooperation in the fuel and energy field. The construction of the terminal in De-Kastri helps to develop not only Russian Far East fuel and energy complex, but also international economic relationships with

Asian Pacific region. It’s the best way to maintain cooperation with the oil-refining project “Sakhalin-1”, which is the base of the terminal De-Kastri construction.

The constructional of the terminal was gradual and the whole construction was made in a maximum compressing validities. In December of 2003 year the operator of the project

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“Ecson Neftegaz Limited” quoted the signing of the contracts on the construction. In August of 2006 year terminal in De-Kastri was ready for use. In March of 2006 year was ready a wharf for the berthing of the tankergiants, which has a length in 6 kilometers. That’s why the village became a mail navigable harbor, which transfers oil from Sakhalin.

The constraction of this terminal had an amazing influence on the development of the economic relationships of the Russia Far East with Japan, China, and USA. The Consortium of the project “Sakhalin-1” provided a financial support. This Consortium includes: the operator of the project “Ecson Neftegaz Limited”, which now has 30 percent of shares in the project “Sakhalin-1”, Chinese company “SODECO” (30%), Indian company “ONGK” (20%), Russian-Turkish company “Enka-Tehnostroiexport” that was involved into construction of the terminal. Tanks for saving the oil were made by Russian company “Kiksohimmontage”, and the main part of the process of constraction was made by the company from Khabarovsky

Kray “Dal’mostostroi” and Korean company “Poong Lim”. The representatives from the side of the well-known Russian company “Rosneft’” (20%) were “Sakhalin-morneftegaz- Shelf” and “RNAstra”. And at the same time all the expenditures on the construction were divided proportionally according to their shares. Besides the mentioned companies, the specialists from the USA, Belgium, Serbia, Turkic, Singapore, South Korea, Philippine, Malaysia and even from such exotic countries as Trinidad and Tobago took part in the construction of the terminal.1

The construction of the terminal was made real changes in De-Kastry economy. There were some demonstrative facts, for example, American company “Ecson Neftegaz Limited” invested not only in the development of the terminal, but also in the village infrastructure. The total amount of investments on the present period is $ 10 million. The bridge through the river Solomon was built on the funds of foreign investors, also were made a partly modernization of hospital in De-Kastry, was rendered an essential help to the Building of Culture, school, kindergarten, firebrigade. It’s remarkable that now the construction of the new cleaning equipments is coming to the end. The reparation of roads in the centre of the village and construction of the new refuse dumps are planed to the next year. And there has been already done real and quite strong support to the social organizationscouncil of the veterans and the local organization of North nations.2

The power of the terminal is impressive: the oil comes from the oilfield Chaivo on Sakhalin through the long pipeline on the bottom of Tatarskii strait. Two reservoirs for saving oil and wharf for the loading of tankers were located on the terminal. 3Nowadays some repairing works are making on the terminal, in this way all mistakes in construction will be removed. The whole export system of the terminal is projected with the including of all Russian Far East climate conditions, and the use of modern techniques provides a high system of terminal protection. The main directions of export supplies of the raw oil from De-Kastri are the countries of Asian Pacific Region (Japan, South Korea). At the same time an Indian member of Consortium –the company ONGK – made a supply of oil to India.

In conclusion it’s necessary to be said that anyway using the export system of the project

Sakhalin – 1 and especially terminal in De-Kastri will bring additional benefits as to the members of Consortium, so to the Russian government.

1[electronic resourse]- 2008.- access order: www.google.ru/Economy of the Russian Far East

2[electronic resource]- 2007. – access order: www.polpred.com

3[electronic resource]- 2007. – access order: /www.regnum.ru/news/470626.html

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