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Population has gone through surges of growth at other periods in history, as the graph below illustrates. The current upsurge started about 1600 and has been accelerating (with only minor setbacks) ever since. There is one feature, however, which is new in the past fifty years. The principal cause of the present growth is different in nature from the changes that brought about growth in the past. Historically, each important increase in population followed a major invention that made more natural resources available to mankind: the invention of agriculture, the harnessing of nonhuman power, the opening up of new lands, the organization of people into urban centers, and the industrial revolution. In all cases the population grew until it had absorbed the new supply of food, power, and usable space. Then a new balance was automatically struck between population and the means of subsistence.

The present surge in population, however, results from a different kind of discovery, the control of death by modern medicine and sanitation. Death control has upset nature's automatic balance by allowing more people to live while not providing, in itself, new sources of subsistence. Fortunately, during this same era technology has also been increasing, making available more food and energy; new ways have been found to decrease human fertility. However, these factors are not linked in the simple cause and effect relationship that automatically maintained the balance before. Equilibrium between the new death rate and the new birth rate can only be re-established by the use of human intelligence.

The first step in meeting this challenge is to understand the problem. There are many factors, physical, cultural, and psychological, which influence the fertility of a population. These factors are complex and are interrelated in ways that are only partially understood. The people of India, for instance, want more children than the people of France, and they want them for different reasons. Methods of family planning which are acceptable to Germans or Scandinavians may not be acceptable to the Puerto Ricans for aesthetic or religious reasons. An understanding of these differences, sensitivity to the beliefs and aspirations of all the world's peoples will help to achieve a wise population policy. Oversimplification, on the other hand, is likely to do more harm than good.

Although the physical resources of space and food supply set an upper limit on population growth, man is also influenced by factors which are purely human. As the size of the human family comes more under conscious control, it is increasingly significant to consider the various factors which motivate family planning. The image of the ideal family size changes from time to time and from culture to culture. It is constantly being molded by pressures from many different sources: the teachings of religious prophets, the speeches of political leaders, the attitudes expressed in the press, as well as the customs and opinions of friends and neighbors.

During the past century, changes in the economic structure of Western nations have had an important impact on the number of children people want. In the primitive agricultural communities, children were an economic asset. The expense of supporting them was more than compensated by the labor they provided. Then, with the changing way of life produced by urbanization and advancing technology, the raising of children became a financial burden. Tomas Malthus recognized this fact when he suggested that people would exercise "moral restraint" when they became aware of the economic burden which was the inevitable result of a large family. Mussolini also saw (and deplored) the trend toward lower birth rates in large industrial cities like Milan, Turin, and Genoa. This explained, he said, why he was opposed to the phenomenon of urbanism and believed that Italy should concentrate her energies on a "back to the land" movement. When he studied the results of his slum clearance projects, he discovered that families living in buildings where electricity had been installed had a lower birth rate than those occupying buildings without this convenience, and he ordered the electric power removed from the buildings. But his attempts to turn the clock back were

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unsuccessful. People will not so easily relinquish the comforts which technology has made available.

The world population crisis is often blamed on organized religious resistance to the use of birth control, but a survey of the teachings of the world religions on procreation and marriage does not support this stereotype. The countries of Western Europe passed successfully through the demographic transition in spite of the fact that none of their churches sanctioned birth control during the major part of this transition. The Protestant churches have just within the past fifty years changed their policy on contraceptives.

At the opposite pole from the alarmists who tell us that in seven hundred years there will be no standing room left on earth and no place to bury the dead, are the apologists who protest that there is no cause for worry about the population problem. Science, the wonder-worker, will find a way out. Science will harvest the sea and feed us algae. Science will find ways of stacking us up so high above the earth's surface that we will all have room enough to stand. And, of course, science will dispose efficiently of the dead. We can all relax and go right on having as many children as we like. The scientists will take care of the problem.

Now, it is undoubtedly true that science will be able to increase our food supply and devise more efficient ways of using the limited space on the earth's surface. But it is also true that there are practical limitations beyond which science cannot go, or more importantly, beyond which we would not want it to go. It cannot replace wilderness once it has been destroyed. It cannot restore individuality and diversity in human life once they have been leached out by a flood of mass production.

There are ways, however, in which science can help solve the population problem. It can bring us a greater understanding of nature and ourselves so that we can predict with more confidence how certain courses of action are likely to develop. By opening up more choices and giving us the ability to realize the significance of these choices, science can immeasurably increase our ability to be responsible for our own future.

Finally, all the people of the world must be made aware of the situation. The problem is not popularized in the media as much as other problems which stem from overpopulation such as the environment, AIDS, and lung cancer. Children and adults are well informed on how to help the environment, how to avoid AIDS, and that smoking is bad for their health. But they are not well informed about all of the problems of overpopulation. Overpopulation information needs to be more widespread than it currently is. This can be reasonably achieved with information in TV segments and in science and social studies classes.

А.В. Басыров,

студент 3 курса (гр. ММЭ-51) научный руководитель В.В. Блажевич, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков

CHINA EXTERNAL IMBALANCE

As China is integrating in the world economy, questions arise about the impact of the integration of this large country on the world economy and the world financial system. One key question is whether China will become a large net provider or user of capital in the decades ahead. More immediately, with China now running large current account surpluses, the question is how the external balance will evolve and what factors, including policies, would bring the surpluses down.

This issue is important for the world economy. China is large and growing larger rapidly. It became the fourth largest economy in 2005 (at current exchange rates) and may overtake the US as the largest economy in less than four decades. Moreover, China’s economy is open.

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Its regime for trade and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is open, and external trade and FDI are quantitatively important in the economy, amounting to 64 and almost 3 percent of GDP in 2005, respectively. This means that shocks can trigger large external imbalances, as in 2005, when the current account surplus surged by $ 90 billion to around $ 161 billion.

What a problem?

To answer this question, we should analyze the current and projected future determinants and patterns of saving, investment, and the saving-investment balance (the external current account balance) in China, since these will be the driving force of capital flows.

China’s saving and investment are high. Reflecting China’s high investment rate, China’s growth has been relatively capital intensive. The bulk of investment is financed with domestic saving, with foreign direct investment (FDI) playing a relatively modest role.

Much of China’s high saving and investment, and the difference between China and other countries, is due to unusually high enterprise and government saving. Moreover, rising enterprise saving has driven the increase in economy-wide saving in the last decade.

In other hand, consumer spending has fallen from 47% of gross domestic product (GDP) in the early 1990s to only 36% in 2006, the lowest proportion in any large economy (chart #1). At the other extreme, American households consume 70% of GDP.

It is widely agreed that China needs to rebalance its economy in favour of consumption and away from exports. Not only would this make future growth more sustainable, but it would also reduce China’s huge trade surplus. However, to boost the share of consumption, firstly need to understand why it has been declining. The popular explanation is that Chinese households have been saving an increased slice of their income because of greater uncertainty over the provision of pensions, health care and education. This leads economists to focus on how to encourage households to spend more of their income.

The problem with this theory is that in the past decade households’ saving rate has fallen nor risen. According to Louis Kuijs, an economist at the World Bank’s Beijing office, household saving fell from 21% of GDP in the mid-1990s to 15% in 2006. Relative to personal disposable income, the saving rate has fallen from over 30% to 25%. This is very high compared with America, where households save less than 1% of their income, but it is lower than India’s household saving rate. China’s total domestic saving rate is higher and has increased strongly since the late 1990s, but all of this increase, says Mr. Kuijs, has come from firms and the government.

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chart #2 - China’s private consumption and wages as % of GDP

Most dramatic has been the fall in the share of wages in GDP. The World Bank estimates that this has dropped from 53% in 1998 to 36% in 2006 (chart #2). For example, in the United States, wages take a much bigger than a half of national income.

Not enough labour, too much capital

Many countries have seen a fall in the share of labour income in recent years, but nowhere has the drop been as huge as in China. This partly reflects China's large pool of surplus labour, which has depressed wages relative to the economy's large productivity gains.

We might expect that if wages are low relative to the value of workers’ output, firms will hire more staff, which will moderate the decline in the wage share. Instead, the growth in jobs has been unusually slow.

Why does it happens? Some economists such as Mr Kuijs thinks, that more important reason for the slow pace of job creation: a capital-heavy model of growth. Low interest rates in China have encouraged capital-intensive production.

In America, the fall in the share of labour income in recent years has been offset by rising investment income, so total household income has stayed fairly steady as a portion of GDP. In China, however, households' investment income is tiny and has declined to only 2% of GDP in 2005, compared with around 15% in America. Interest rates on bank deposits are very low compared with GDP growth and households' shareholdings are modest. A small proportion of firms are listed, and even those that are have been able to retain most of their profits rather than distribute dividends because shareholder pressure is weak.

Solution

The implication of all this is that if China is to shift the mix of growth towards consumption, urging households to spend more of their income will not be enough; the government will also need to increase the share of national income going to households. Mr Kuijs argues that this will require a shift in the composition of growth from capital-intensive manufacturing towards labour-intensive services. He recommends a package of reforms which include: financial liberalisation to lift the cost of capital; scrapping distortions in the tax system which favour manufacturing over services; increasing the prices of industrial inputs such as energy; removing restrictions on the development of labour-intensive services by, for example, tackling monopolies; and a stronger exchange rate to stimulate production in domestic service industries. Increased government spending on health care, education and a social safety net would also encourage households to save less and spend more.

More labour-intensive growth would boost household income and consumption as a share of GDP and so help to reduce the trade surplus. And by allowing workers to enjoy more of the rewards of rapid growth it could also help to prevent future social unrest.

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Ю.О. Бабич, А.А. Волков,

студенты 2 курса (гр. КЭ-61) научный руководитель А.Г. Долган, старший преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков

TOURISM AS A WAY OF COUNTRY STUDYING:

FORTY TIPS FOR THAILAND GUESTS

Thailand is an active participant of economic integration process taking place in the Asia Pacific Rim. Russian business cooperates with it generally in tourism, which is considered to be a good way of country studying by the authors. The given work was introduced at the Open Event devoted to the prospects of Russia in the Asia Pacific market, Commercial Department, Groups 61, 62 – Economists, 61 – Technologists.

Asia has been attracting the world by its unprecedented economic growth and dynamic development for more than ten years. Great success of economic cooperation as well as mutual dependence between its countries made the Asian Pacific Rim come to be a focus point for integration process. In the region there are some organizations, which unite Japan, China, the U.S., the R.F., “the four Asian dragons” (the Republic of Korea, Hong Kong,

Taiwan and Singapore), the second group of the newly industrializing countries and others. They are the APEC (the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation), ESCAP (the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific), PECC (the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council). They collaborate joint programs on the development of trade, transportation and telecommunication infrastructure, environmental protection and others. In the frames of these organizations, some international projects on creating free economic zones, political and military cooperation are being made.

Thailand becomes an active participant in this integration process especially in the Southeastern Asia. It is a country, where contrasts coexist side by side. Thailand has a prolonged history and stable power foundation, its official name is the Kingdom of Thailand. Its people keep old customs, beliefs and values, though the country could not escape some impact of westernization. So, you can come across both old exotic palaces and modern skyscrapers in Bangkok. Originally, Thailand was agricultural, and it is still the world’s rice exporter. Annually it trades 6.5 million tons of rice. More than a half of the country’s arable area is used for rice plantations. But it is also important to say that Thailand can boast its industries, manufacturing textiles, footwear, fishery products, rubber, jewelry, computers, electric appliances and parts.

Thailand never led wars on its territory (unlike both Koreas, Vietnam or China). Nowadays, its preferential way to communicate within the Pacific region is cooperation based on bilateral agreements with the Republic of Korea, Japan, Malaysia or any country either in Asia or other region. Such relations are usually called “2 + X” meaning that the agreement is open for more participants. Thailand has signed more than ten bilateral agreements working in the sphere of duty-free trade. This model helps Thailand support some economic sectors (e.g. investment and banking sectors), and liberalize competitive branches (e.g. food, textile, automobile industries).

Russia mostly develops cooperation with the Thai companies in travel business, which covers five percent of the Thai economics. Why don’t Russian entrepreneurs elaborate partnership in the textile or automobile industries of Thailand? Among possible reasons are: long distance and high prices for transportation; the Thai market is known less than China or Korea for the Russians; Thailand is too original and strange for us (i.e. laws, culture, language, religion).

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It doesn’t mean that if you visit Thailand for a short time, you will know much about it. A little learning is a dangerous thing. Maybe, that fact caused some dramatic events happened to our citizens at different time in Thailand (the two Russian girls were murdered in summer, 2005, and a Siberian woman got into a prison in 2007). People, who run business with the Thai firms, visit this country or simply plan doing this or that thing should learn much about

Thailand. The Russians don’t study its history, geography or language at school. So, tourism is a good way to get acquaintance with Thailand and evoke an impression of: its climate; history, religions and culture; traditions, holidays, people’s customs and life style; languages and dialects; services; laws, regulations, restrictions and penalties; precautionary measures; money; food; business practice and business ethic.

After your first visit to Thailand, you can decide whether you start cooperating or you need more experience and information about this incredible country, which differs extremely from Russia.

So, to be a success during your tour across Thailand potential travelers should heed some tips:

When packing your baggage,

-Take a sun-cream and a hat, the sun can be dangerous!

-Take cotton clothes, choose the ones that match!

-Take an umbrella, waterproof or quick-dry clothes, if you travel during the season of

rains.

-Make sure you have taken some woolen things, as it is cold early in the morning next to the sea.

-Don’t forget to pack a pair of sandals that matches everything.

-Travel light!

Be lucky when going through the customs!

-It’s easy to obtain a travel visa just at the airport.

-Don’t smuggle drugs, they are not allowed to be taken into Thailand, that threatens with a severe punishment!

-Only a liter of alcohol and 200 cigarettes are allowed to be taken for free into Thailand.

-Don’t exchange currency at the airport currency rate, which is overestimated.

-More than one thousand U.S. dollars should be declared at the Customs.

Now we can proceed with money-tips.

-Only native currency is acceptable in Thailand. One baht makes 100 satangs.

-Banks of Bangkok offer more favorable rate.

-Traveler’s checks are the best way to carry and pay with.

-Spend baths in Thailand as you are allowed to export up to 500 bahts.

It’s high time for information on hotels.

-Number of stars in the hotel name means nothing. Select a hotel according to the available set of services, conveniences, entertainments and infrastructure. The closer to the beach your hotel is, the more expensive it is.

-You’d better stay at the hotel within the tourist zone (in the center or next to the beach and entertainments).

Take care of your health!

-Take some pills for stomach upsets.

-Don’t drink the tap water, use bottled water.

-Eat fruit and vegetables, when they are washed or peeled.

-Don’t buy and eat food in the streets!

-Be sure you have been vaccinated against hepatitis A (as well as hepatitis B, tropical malaria and encephalitis).

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It is the food, which is of supreme importance to know about in Thailand!

-The Thailanders are proud of their food rich in fruit, vegetables, meat and fish dishes decorated rather originally and attractive. Try them and enjoy that unusual combination of sweet, spicy, sour, bitter and salty tastes forming the basic peculiarity of the Thai cuisine.

-Local beer is more preferable among all exotic drinks.

After bread you need circuses.

-The best thing to study the country is to visit places of interest. Temples, parks, museums can tell you much about culture of Thailand.

-Visiting or maybe participating in boxing, golf, tennis matches, fishing competitions, scuba diving or horse races will demonstrate all sport opportunities of the country.

-Zoos, crocodile farms, snake-shows, safari parks or botanic gardens will open you the flora and fauna world of Thailand.

Doing all above respect the Thai customs, values and preferences!

-Speak in Thai, English, Chinese or Malayan.

-Avoid visual gestures as some of them have special meaning, e.g.:

-Don’t be sitting with your legs crossed!

-Embraces, patting somebody’s back or shoulder are considered to be ill manners.

-Touching somebody’s head or pointing with a foot is taboo, as a head is the most sacred, while a foot is the dirtiest part of a man’s body.

-Take off your shoes when enter somebody’s home.

-People of Thailand smile often because they are friendly, hospitable and they enjoy life. So, smile and speak at a low voice when talking to them.

-Shorts, T-shirts and mini-skirts are not good clothes for visiting temples. Remember that 90 percent of the Thais are Buddhists, others are Muslims, Christians and some smaller religious communities.

Your safety depends on you!

-Ask the tourist police or Russian Embassy, if you need help.

-Keep your passport copy separately from the original!

-Don’t walk alone in the dark streets!

-Be careful on the roads, because drivers don’t mind traffic rules!

-Be attentive, when leaving Thailand, as there is a list of prohibited articles, such as golden ingots, the Buddha images, precious stones, platinum jewelry, stamps and antiques.

At last, some tips for businessmen.

-Take a lot of name cards.

-Rent a car together with a driver.

-Mind the Thais’ strong sense of social hierarchy within both a family and a company. No doubt, tourists will continue this list of tips after their tour, as it’s a good way to learn

the country, and the best impulse to study it in details, socialize and cooperate with its people.

М.В. Курдя,

студентка 1 курса (гр. НН-71) научный руководитель О.В. Селиверстова, преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков

CATASTROPHIC DAMAGE OF GLOBAL WARMING IN FUTURE

The report reflects the most actual problem of our century – global warming. We live and don’t think that global warming continues and it becomes apparent on only in temperature increase, but in its influence on the plants, animals, sea level, and even ourselves. There are some examples of it in our report, besides, we try to find some ways to avoid this catastrophic

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process in future and to explain, that we should make some actions (we can’t just sit and wait, because every person can influence on our future – let’s make it happier).

The problem we would like to discover is rather essential. It’s global warming which is melting glaciers, threatening peoples and the native habitants of many species. We have to state that we are in danger of losing cities we thought would always be around. Whether it’s natural or manmade catastrophes, this is the reality.

Scientists are alarming and reporting forces like global warming pose subtler challenges. The United Nations University has recently declared that the number of annual catastrophes provoked by “extreme weather” and water-related emergencies has tripled since the 1970s. So, what are the main reasons of that?

The flash floods and rising water tables are caused by global climate change. According to Jerome K. Jerome said that we are newer happy with the weather. The weather, like the government, is always in the wrong. But something has been really wrong with it lately.

Droughts, wildfires, landslides, avalanches, gales, tornadoes, floods … All over Europe it’s the same story. The weather is definitely getting worse and the so-called extreme weather events are becoming more and more frequent [2].

Scientists have noticed it too. Their explanation is short: the cause is global warming!!! Greenhouse effect is actually a natural feature of our atmosphere without which life in our

planet would be impossible. Certain atmospheric gases (the most important of them is carbon dioxide) work as a kind of blanket, keeping the Earth warm. The amount of these greenhouse gases used to be more or less the same for centuries. But the industrial revolution broke this balance. Because of heavy industry and other human activities the amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases have increased by 30% [3; 5].

Nowadays the weather – which was always unpredictable anyway – seems to be increasingly erratic. If we apply to the statistics, for example, during the summer 2002, Europe was stuck with unusually heavy rainstorms. They led, in fact, to what was described as «The worst central European floods in over a century». Take note of the following new reports: « In Austria the provinces of Salzburg, Carinthia, and Tirol were hit especially hard by severe rainstorms. Many streets were swamped in sludge, with piles of mud and debris up to 15 meters high. At Vienna’s Sudbahnhof station, a thunderstorm caused a train accident that injured several people». In France twenty-three dead, 9 missing, and thousands sorely affected… There people were fatally struck by lightning during Monday’s storms… A fireman died after rescuing a couple in distress, they had been carried away in their car by the waters.

Never before in history of the Federal Republic of Germany have towns and villages been evacuated to such an extent as they have been now during this flood of the century. Residents have fled their hometowns by the thousands. Most have done so as a precautionary measure. Some were rescued from the floods at the last minute by boat or helicopter.

In Romania about a dozen people have lost their lives since mid-July because of the storms. In Russia at least 58 people died on the shores of the Black Sea… About 30 cars and buses remain on the seabed, with no search of them possible after new storm warnings were issued.

The environmental-activist organization Greenpeace predicts: Dangerous weather patterns including more powerful hurricanes and heavy rains will continue to wreak havoc across the planet. More severe droughts and floods will literally change the face of the Earth, leading to the loss of coastal lands and the destruction of forests [1].

The conception of climate experts predicts that by 2050 the global average temperature will rise by 2-3 degrees. It doesn’t seem much. Remember, however, that the difference between the average global temperatures now and the last ice age (20,000 years ago) is only 6 to 8 degrees.

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Nowadays there is a burning issue: is something wrong with the weather? Many fear that there is. As meteorologist Dr. Peter Werner from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research says: When we observe global weather – the extremes in precipitation, floods, droughts, storms – and note its development, we can rightly say that these extremes have quadrupled over the last 50 years.

Many seismologists insist on the problem of the unusual weather patterns are evidence of global warming – the so called greenhouse effect. The US Environmental Protection Agency explains that the greenhouse effect is the rise in temperature that the Earth experiences because certain gases in the atmosphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, for example) trap energy from the sun. Without these gases, heat would escape into space and Earth’s average temperature would be colder.

Skeptics point out that only a small percentage of greenhouse gas emissions are manmade. However, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports: There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Climatologist Pieter Tans of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration says: If I had to put a figure on it, I would say that it is 60 % our fault… The remaining 40 % is due to natural causes. What, then, has been the apparent result of the buildup of man-made greenhouse gases? Most scientists now agree that the earth has this indeed heated up. Just how dramatic has this temperatures rise been? The 2001 IPCC report says: Global surface temperatures have increased between 0.4 and 0.8`C since the late 19th century. Many researchers believe that this small rise could account for the dramatic changes in our weather [4].

Admittedly, the earth’s weather system is astonishingly complex, and scientists cannot state with certainly what – if any - the effects of global warming are. However, many believe that as a result of global warming, there has been increased rainfall in the Northern Hemisphere, drought in Asia and Africa, and escalating EI Nino events in the Pacific.

So what could happen? Northern regions will be wetter and warmer, southern regions will be drier and hotter. Forests will grow instead of tundra in Siberia. It will be possible to grow grapes in Britain. Not so bad so far. But parts of Spain, Italy and Greece will turn as dry as a desert. Snow will melt in the Alps and other mountains, and avalanches. Sea levels will rise and a lot of coastal areas will disappear under water. So will whole species of animals and plants [6].

It sounds gloomy. Moreover, some experts argue that the short-term global warming will lead to a more catastrophic long-term global cooling. As the arctic ice cap melts, a flow of fresh water will change currents, including the Gulf Stream, which now keeps Europe warm.

Any attempt to stop climatic change must be global in scope and must persist for decades, even centuries. In one way or another, these efforts will affect the lives of nearly everyone on the planet. The threat of global warming is so grave that action should be taken immediately.

While waiting for the world’s governments to adopt a strategy for stabilizing the climate, individuals can do many things to slow global warming. But people should understand, that every person on the planet plays main role for solving this problem. A decision of this problem depends on the people’s attitude to this problem. I think that we should explain it the children and youth at first, because they are our future (so do I) and ecological education can be the first step.

In conclusion I would like to say that unfortunately the process of global warming has started. It’s already in progress. Basically, anything that saves energy will help. Some suggestions are:

Drive fewer miles. Cut back by walking, riding a bike, or a bus to work. If you must drive, use a fuel-efficient vehicle.

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Be an energy wise shopper. Before buying a new home, car, water heater or refrigerator, be sure it’s energy-efficient.

Plant trees, because a fast-growing tree can recycle 28 pounds of CO2 each year. Planning trees is one of the most cost-effective, immediate, and gratifying steps you can take to fight climatic change.

Educate your friends and neighbors. Public awareness must be heightened, help get the world out.

Recycle newspapers, aluminum, glass and other materials.

Make sure your home is right and well-insulated. Don’t let the heat escape. Organize, don’t agonize! If climatologists` predictions come true, global warming

will be a huge problem, one that won’t disappear in our lifetimes. Some people will see this as an excuse to be apathetic – but it’s really a call to action.

C.В. Жукова,

студентка 4 курса (гр. МЭ-42) научный руководитель Ю.А. Голикова, канд. экон. наук, доцент кафедры МЭиВЭС

OPPORTUNITIES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPING OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN RUSSIA

In this report were considered conception and opportunities of nanoindustry that nowadays is one of the most perspective fields of science for development. Russian background for nanotechnologies is given together with opportunities and perspectives of usage development of this sphere, existing elaborations and problems with possible decisions.

Nanoindustry is one of the most perspective and demanded directions for development of science, technology and industry in developed countries. Nowadays nanoindustry is interdisciplinary field of fundamental and applied science; deal with combination of theoretical reasons, practical research technique, analysis and synthesis and methods of producing and usage of products with set atomic structure by controlled manipulation on atoms and molecules. Combination of methods provide the opportunity to create by controlled way and to modify objects include components sized less than 100 nanometers and having essentially new characteristics and let integrate it in full operating systems macroscale. At the same time, exclusiveness of nanotechnology in a new level of knowledge that let us develop new conceptual changes in directions of developing of technics, medicine, agriculture and also changes in ecological, social and military spheres 1.

Nanomarket creation is going right now. In the year 2008, its capacity could be about $700 bn. Even now, there is a market-sharing of it. Ending of this process is expected in the year 2015. According to the expert estimation market capacity will increase to $1,2 - 1,5 trillion. [2]

Russia is known to have all the necessary condition for nanotechnology developing and can play an equal part in world policy. Now there are more than 150 science organizations with about 20 thousand specialists carrying on fundamental research and development of nanotechnology. About 75 Russian companies produce and sell nanotechnological products of 7 bn. rubles per year 2.

1Что такое нанотехнологии : [Электрон. ресурс]. – 14.02.08 18:30 – Режим доступа: www.nanotech.ru/anons/vtzp011406/about%20nt.doc

2Заседание Правительства Российской Федерации 17 января 2008 года: материалы к заседанию : [Электрон. ресурс]. – 20.02.08 13:45 – Режим доступа: http://www.government.ru/government/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentsession/2008/zp17012008/m17012008/