Кондратева Импрове ёур Енглиш 2011

3. Vibrational levels of the normal state. — Переводится: возбуж-

денные уровни основного состояния.

NB! Запомните:

1)academic (adj) – фундаментальный, научный, ученый;

2)adequate (adj) – правильный, надлежащий, пригодный, точный, эффективный, полный;

adequately (adv) – правильно, в достаточной степени, в полной мере;

3)adopt (v) – применять, использовать; adoption (п) – использование, внедрение, выбор;

4)aggressive (adj) – большой, мощный, интенсивный, растущий, жесткий;

5)ambitious (adj) – перспективный, многообещающий, крупный, серьезный, далекоидущий, внушительный, смелый;

6)application (n) – приложение, прикладная задача;

7)argue (v) – считать, указывать;

8)candidate (п, adj) – вариант, подходящий, возможный, перспективный, заслуживающий внимания, представляющий интерес;

9)capitalize on smth (v) – использовать, воспользоваться преимуществом;

10)champion (v) – продвигать, поддерживать использование;

11)challenge (я) – сложная задача, важная проблема, трудность, перспективная тема;

12)commercial (adj) – серийный, промышленный, имеющий промышленное значение;

13)compromise (и) – вариант, снижение, потеря; compromise (v) – уменьшать, ухудшать;

14)concept (и) – принцип, метод, способ, подход, процедура; concept (adj) – предварительный, существующий в виде про-

тотипной модели;

15)configuration (и) – структура, конструкция, вид, схема; 16)conventional (adj) – общепринятый, обычный, стандартный;

conventionally (adv)-принято считать;

17) critical (adj) – очень важный, основной, существенный, значительный, принципиальный;

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18)delicate (adj)-сложный;

19)dramatic (adj) – значительный, существенный, сильный, рез-

кий;

dramatically (adv) – сильно, резко, ясно, явно, четко, наглядно, убедительно, очень;

20)elegant (adj) – интересный, оригинальный, удачный, нагляд-

ный;

21)evolution (п) – разработка, постепенный переход, нововведе-

ние;

22)exotic (adj) – редкий, необычный, своеобразный, нетипичный, уникальный, сложный;

23)extensive (adj) – исчерпывающий, существенный;

24)historical (adj) – традиционный, классический, предшествующий, сложившийся, хронологический;

historically (adv) – по традиции, всегда, ранее, первоначально; history (и) – развитие, изменение, зависимость, кривая, график, состояние, процесс, поведение, пример, характеристика;

25)horizon (и) – перспектива, возможность;

26)idealization (и) – допущение;

ideally (adv) — желательно;

27)industry (л) – предприятие какой-либо отрасли промышленности, промышленная фирма;

28)interface (v) – осуществлять связь, соединять, подключать;

29)intimate {adj) – непосредственный;

30)intuitively (adv) – на первый взгляд, можно ожидать, вполне вероятно;

31)massive (adj) – большой, существенный, обширный, объемный, сильный, мощный;

32)materialize (v) – становиться фактом, оказываться верным; 33)optimize (v) – улучшать, способствовать чему-либо;

34)optionally {adv) – при необходимости, дополнительно;

35)philosophical (adj) – теоретический, аналитический, методо-

логический;

philosophy (и) – принцип, подход, методика, сущность, идея, взгляд, мнение, соображение, рассуждение, развитие;

36) pioneer (n) – первый в чем-либо;

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pioneer(v)-осуществлять что-либо, впервые применить; pioneering (adv), первый, основополагающий, фунда ментальный;.

37)policy (n) метод, подход, процедура, общее положение;

38)progressively (adv) – в возрастающем количестве;

39)provocative (adj) – интересный, неожиданный;

40)routinely (adv) – регулярно, стандартно, обычно, обычным способом, без труда, широко применяемый;

41)scenario (и) – случай, вариант, подход, картина, положение;

42)specific {adj) – конкретный, заданный, некоторый, данный, существенный;

specifically {adv) – в частности, точнее говоря, более конкретно, с целью;

specification (и) – характеристика, параметр, конкретизация; specified (adj) – заданный, характерный, конкретный, выбран-

ный, установленный;

specify (v) – точно определять, указывать, характеризовать;

43)speculate on (v) – рассуждать о чем-либо, говорить о чем-

либо;

speculative {adj) — проблематичный, предположительный, умозрительный;

44)symptomatic (adj) – характерный;

45)trivial {adj) – простой, несложный, элементарный;

46)unique {adj) – особый, отличающийся, характерный, оригинальный;

uniqueness (л) – специфичность;

47)veteran (и) – специалист.

Exercise

Translate the sentences.

1.The challenge has been in designing the turbine to direct this additional cooling air where it is really needed.

2.Certainly, overly ambitious estimates in a competitive environment can still undermine any project.

3.However, the interpreter (интерпретатор) does compromise the execution speed.

4.For an investigator of meteorites the basic challenge is deducing the history of the meteorites from...

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5. In addition, an extensive review of previous work in this area is presented.

6. ... there is a massive reliability and quality improvement effort throughout the U.S. semiconductor industry.

7.The challenge now is to explain why the atmosphere of Venus ...

8."There's very aggressive support for National's 32032", Mr. White

says.

9.The wood has been subjected to dramatic humidity changes.

10.... one of Europe's most ambitious scientific space missions to

date...

11.Of these, the latter seems to be a good compromise between accuracy and computational simplicity.

12.Lasers are now routinely used in large number of cases to repair detached retinas (отслоение сетчатки).

13.The number of hadrons emitted dramatically increased a hun- dred-fold.

14.The pressure difference increases dramatically.

15.In this case, all mask levels (уровни маскирования) were unique to the specific design.

16.A complete field history of any class of devices in the Bell System is not practically obtained ...

17.Now they are developing an even more aggressive program.

18. ... a process that Intel has pioneered for all its bipolar memory devices.

19. The algorithm is computationally trivial and requires little memo-

ry.

20.Our atomic age has suggested some dramatic changes in fundamental thinking.

21.Symptomatic of such rapid evolution is the proliferation of methods and techniques intended to solve software problems.

22.This is a challenging task which often involves the complete resources of the engineer.

23.Two veterans in the core memory business have developed ...

24.IBM, which has in the past championed a dubble-lattice structure

(структура приборов с доменными решетками) for achieving high-

er densities, is also working with ...

25.An elegant analysis has been made by Gebman.

26.The material in the remaining sections is somewhat speculative.

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27.The size and shape of the pockets (углублений) are rather criti-

cal.

28.This can be achieved by the use of commercial dye lasers equipped with ...

29.... better fuel economy with no compromise in truck performance.

30.So far Siemens seems to have mounted the most ambitious ef-

forts.

31.A commercial process for beryllium production ...

32.A more ambitious project would be to develop an elaborate software package.

33.The academic community understands very well that.

34.The scanning system, which is described in detail elsewhere, is quite simple in concept.

35.The telecommunications and computer industries can be expected to capitalise on high-beam efficiency (рентабельность воло-

конно-оптических систем) so that ...

36.Power companies are progressively installing the optical– fiber communications systems for power system protection, supervision and control,..

LIST OF SEMANTIC WORDS

AND WORD COMBINATIONS (Список служебных слов и словосочетаний)

according to prep. — согласно, в соответствии с (syn. in accord with, in accordance with)

There are three principal hypotheses that account for the formation of the Moon. According to the first hypothesis the Moon was once part of the Earth. In accordance with the second hypothesis the Moon was formed initially as a satellite of the Earth by a gradual accumulation of matter out of a cloud of gas and dust. And in accord with the third hypothesis of lunar origin the Moon was originally an independent planet whose orbit brought it close enough to the Earth for it to be captured as a satellite.

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1.Owing to the tutorial nature of the paper a short account of some general problems and techniques in digital processing is given.

2.Einstein's theory of light was put forward to account for the photoelectric effect.

3.The earth's atmosphere exerts a pressure on account of its weight in the same way as liquids do.

4.There are two approaches to account for stress changes in a specimen undergoing crack growth under cyclic loading.

against prep 1. против, в отношении к, в зависимости от;

2. по сравнению с;

versus (vs)

3.как функция

1.This plot shows the period of oscillations against (vs) frequency.

2.Plotting the logarithm of the average grain diameter versus the logarithm of the annealing time should result in the straight relationship if the grain growth obeys the empirical kinetic relationship.

3.The results are shown in the figure where the ratio calculated for the geometry of our measurements is plotted against (vs) T.

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(syn. alongside with)

1.The line along which a moving particle travels is called the path of the particle or path of the motion.

2.It should be pointed out that alongside with the GM (GeigerMüller) counters some other detecting counters have been developed which have much larger detecting efficiency.

allow for (v) — учитывать, делать поправку на

fact

1.You should have used a computer specially designed to allow for certain physical changes

2.Scattering is an important loss mechanism. Its measurement al- lows for an assessment of several surface characteristics including image quality and surface effect.

3.Because of the large plastic deformation, the angle has to be corrected to allow for the change in shape of the test piece.

1. In any case this technique is especially successful in determining defects within the heart.

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2.If relations and parameters are known, computation is a straight forward problem of solving algebraic and differential equations, if any.

3.This photomultiplier is a light-sensitive electric tube which can «see» any minute light flashes and convert them into electrical pulses.

4.Scientists asked themselves what the radioactive rays were composed of and whether the radioactive substances themselves change in any way

approach (п)

— метод, подход, приближение

(syn. method, technique, procedure)

1.Calorimetry is a scientific approach for extracting information on the amount of energy associated with a chemical reaction or a physical process.

2.As an approach to improve the performance of the system, a first order dynamic compensator was used in the design.

3.In many physical problems we may never obtain mathematical results exactly; we may only approach them.

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1.Every chemical change necessarily involves physical change as

well.

2.As for the results in question they approve our prediction well.

3.For any controllable system, any desired output can be achieved in a finite period of time, as long as the number of outputs is less or equal to the number of control signals.

4.The mean diameters of the individual particles as well as the total surface occupied are calculated.

5.If the state vector cannot be measured as is usually the case, then the observer can. be used.

6.The mass of a proton is nearly 2.000 times as heavy as an electron

1.Because of high sensitivity, it was decided to use a new approach.

2.Because of the similarity of Ada and Pascal from the user's standpoint, the application of Ada is about the same as Pascal.

3.Because the various polymorphic forms of any given material differ in internal structure, they differ also in properties.

4.This discovery is regarded as being significant because plutonium is heavier than the ordinary elements found in nature.

both pron. – оба

both ... and – как … так и

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1.It is desirable to have stability margins at both frequencies and we should not like small perturbations at either input or output.

2.The optimization procedure is able to improve at both input and output.

3.This procedure minimizes a cost function satisfying constraints at input or output or at both.

4.Both breeders and thermal power reactors will be operating simultaneously and complementing each other by the end of this century

5.Both methods are useful where accurate results are required.

1.This method of investigation brings about some difficulties.

2.The compound nucleus formation will bring about elastic scatter-

ing.

3.The last ten years have brought about an impressive development of the theory of diffusive shock acceleration.

1.But for this correction it would be impossible for the operation of the reactor to be controlled.

2.Neutrons are not absorbed by graphite but diffuse through it.

3.At the same time the shock wave is strongest near but not at the

axis.

4.A free neutron lives but a fraction of a second.

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